yamuna nadi

nirdeshaank: 25°a30′aN 81°a53′aE / 25.5°aN 81.883°aE / 25.5; 81.883

yamuna (jamuna)
nadi
Agra mein yamunaatat par taaj mahal
desh	Bhaarat
raajya	uttaraakhand, uttar pradesh, Haryana
upanadiyaaain
- baaeain	tons, hindan, shaarada, kunta, giri, rishiganga, hanumaan ganga
- daaeain	chambal, betava, ken, sindh
shahar	Delhi, Mathura, Agra, itaava, kaalapi
srot	yamunotri
- sthaan	bandarapooainchh choti, uttarakaashi jila, uttaraakhand, Bhaarat
- ooainchaai	3,293 mi. (10,804 feet)
- nirdeshaank	31°a01′a0.12″aN 78°a27′a0″aE / 31.0167°aN 78.45°aE / 31.0167; 78.45
muhaana	triveni sangam
- sthaan	Allahabad, Bhaarat
- ooainchaai	98 mi. (322 feet)
- nirdeshaank	25°a30′aN 81°a53′aE / 25.5°aN 81.883°aE / 25.5; 81.883
lanbaai	1,376 ki.mi. (855 meal)
besin	3,66,223 ki.mi.² (1,41,399 varg meal)
jin nadiyon ya dhaaraaon ka paani leti hai - yamuna ka apavaah kshetr

Agra mein yamuna nadi

yamuna triveni sangam prayaag mein

vrundaavan ke pavitra kesheeghaat par yamuna

subah ke dhuaindhalake mein yamunaatat par taaj

yamuna Bhaarat ki ek nadi hai. yeh ganga nadi ki sabse badi sahaayak nadi hai jo yeh yamunotri (uttarakaashi se 30 kimi uttar, gadhvaal mein) naamak jagah se niklati hai aur prayaag (Allahabad) mein ganga se mil jaati hai. iski pramukh sahaayak nadiyon mein chambal, seingar, chhoti sindh, batava aur ken ullekhaneeya hain. yamuna ke tatavarti nagaron mein Delhi aur Agra ke atirikt itaava, kaalpi, hameerapur aur prayaag mukhya hai. prayaag mein yamuna ek vishaal nadi ke rup mein prastut hoti hai aur vahaaain ke prasiddh aitihaasik kile ke neeche ganga mein mil jaati hai. braj ki sanskruti mein yamuna ka mahatvapoorn sthaan hai.

yeh yamunotri naamak jagah se niklati hai. yeh ganga nadi ki sabse badi sahaayak nadi hai. yamuna ka udgam sthaan himaalaya ke himaachhaadit shrang bandarapuchh ooainchaai 6200 meter se 7 se 8 meal uttar-pashchim mein sthit kaalind parvat hai, jiske naam par yamuna ko kaalindaja athva kaalindi kaha jaata hai. apne udgam se aage kai meal tak vishaal himgaaron aur him mandit kandaraaon mein aprakat rup se bahti hui tatha pahaadi dhalaanon par se atyant teevrataapoorvak utarati hui iski dhaara yamunottari parvat (20,731 feet ooainchaai) se prakat hoti hai. vahaaain iske darshanaarth hajaaron shraddhaalu yaatri prativrsh Bhaarat varsh ke kone-kone se pahuainchate hain.

yamunottari parvat se nikalkar yeh nadi anek pahaadi daron aur ghaatiyon mein pravaahit hoti hui tatha vadiyr, kamalaad, vadari aslaur jaisi chhoti aur tons jaisi badi pahaadi nadiyon ko apne anchal mein sametati hui aage badhti hai. uske baad yeh himaalaya ko chhod kar doon ki ghaati mein pravesh karti hai. vahaaain se kai meal tak dakshin-pashchim ki aur bahti hui tatha giri, sirmaur aur aasha naamak chhoti nadiyon ko apni god mein leti hui yeh apne udgam se lagbhag 95 meal door vartamaan sahaaranapur jila ke faijaabaad gram ke sameep maidaan mein aati hai. us samay iske tat tak ki ooainchaai samudra satah se lagbhag 1276 feet rah jaati hai.

pauraanik srot

bhuvanabhaaskar soorya iske pita, mrutyu ke devata yam iske bhaai aur Bhagwan shri Krishna iske pari sveekaarya kiye gaye hain. jahaaain Bhagwan shri Krishna braj sanskruti ke janak kahe jaate hain, vahaaain yamuna iski janani maani jaati hai. is prakaar yeh sachche arthon mein brajavaasiyon ki maata hai. at: braj mein ise yamuna maiya kehte hai. brahm puraan mein yamuna ke aadhyaatmik svarup ka spashteekaran karte hue vivran prastut kiya hai - "jo srushti ka aadhaar hai aur jise lakshnon se sachchidnand svarup kaha jaata hai, upanishdon ne jiska brahm rup se gaayan kiya hai, vahi paramatatv saakshaat yamuna hai. gaudiya vidvaan shri rup Goswami ne yamuna ko saakshaat chidaanandamayi batalaaya hai. garg sanhita mein yamuna ke pachaang - 1.patal, 2. paddhati, 3. kavaya, 4. stotr aur 5. sahastr naam ka ullekh hai.

pashchimi himaalaya se nikal kar uttar pradesh evam Haryana ki seema ke sahaare 95 meal ka safar kar uttari sahaaranapur (maidaani ilaaka) pahuainchati hai. fir yeh Delhi, Agra se hoti hui Allahabad mein ganga nadi mein mil jaati hai.

nadi ki gaharaai

yamuna nadi kaafi gahari hai, yeh uthale gaharaai ki hai, iski ausat gaharaai 10 feet (3 meter) aur adhiktam gaharaai 35 feet (11 meter) hai. Delhi ke nikat nadi mein, yeh adhiktam gaharaai 68 feet (20 meter) hai. Agra mein, yeh gaharaai 3 foot hai (1 meter). nadi ka hi gaharaai 30 feet (9 meter) badhti.

praacheen pravaah

maidaan mein jahaaain is samay yamuna ka pravaah hai, vahaaain vah sada se pravaahit naheen hoti rahi hai. pauraanik anushrutiyon aur aitihaasik ullekhon se yeh gyaat hota hai, yadyapi yamuna pichhle hajaaron varshon se vidhmaan hai, tathaapi iska pravaah samay-samay par parivrtit hota raha hai. apne sudheerdh jeevan kaal mein isne jitne sthaan badle hain, unamein se bahut kam ki hi jaankaari praapt ho saki hai.

praagaaitihaasik kaal mein yamuna madhuban ke sameep bahti thi, jahaaain uske tat par shatrudhn ji ne sarvapratham Mathura nagari ki sthaapana ki thi. vaalmeeki raamaayan aur vishnu puraan mein iska vivran praapt hota hai. 1 Krishna kaal mein yamuna ka pravaah katara keshav Dave ke nikat tha. satrahaveen shataabadi mein Bhaarat aane vaale Europeeya vidvaan tevarniyr ne katara ke sameep ki bhoomi ko dekh kar yeh anumaan laga liya tha ki vahaaain kisi samay yamuna ki dhaara thi. is sandarbh mein graauj ka mat hai ki aitihaasik kaal mein katara ke sameep yamuna ke pravaahit hone ki sambhaavana kam hai, kintu atyant praacheen kaal mein vahaaain yamuna avashya thi. 2 isse bhi yeh siddh hota hai ki Krishna kaal mein yamuna ka pravaah katara ke sameep hi tha.

kanidhanm ka anumaan hai, yananaani lekhakon ke samay mein yamuna ki pradhaan dhaara ya usaki ek badi shaakha katara keshav Dave ki poorvi deevaal ke neeche bahti hogi. 3 jav Mathura mein bauddh dharm ka vyaapak prachaar go gaya aur yahaaain yamuna ke donnon or anek sandhaaram banaaye gaye, tav yamuna ki mukhya dhaara katara se hatkar praay: usi sthaan par bahti hogi, jahaaain vah ab hai, kintu usaki koi shaakha athva sahaayak naheen katara ke nikat bhi vidhmaan thi. aisa anumaan hai, yamuna ki vah shaakha bauddh kaal ke bahut baad tak sanbhavat: solahaveen shataabdi tak keshav Dave mandir ke neeche bahti rahi thi. pehle do barasaati nadiyaaain 'sarasvati' aur 'Krishna ganga' Mathura ke pashchimi bhaag mein pravaahit hokar yamuna mein girti theen, jinki smruti mein yamuna ke sarasvati sangam aur Krishna ganga naamak ghaat hain. sambhav hai yamuna ki un sahaayak naadiyon mein se hi koi katara ke paas bahti rahi ho.

• puraanon se gyaat hota hai, praacheen vrundaavan mein yamuna govardhan ke nikat pravaahit hoti thi. jabki vartamaan mein vah govardhan se lagbhag 4 meal door ho gayi hai. govardhan ke niktavarti do chhote gram 'jamunaavati' aur parasauli hai. vahaaain kisi kaal mein yamuna ke pravaahit hone ullekh milte hain.

vallabh sampradaaya ke vaarta saahitya se gyaat hota hai ki saarasvat kalp mein yamuna nadi jamunaavati gram ke sameep bahti thi. us kaal mein yamuna nadi ki do dhaaraaain thi, ek dhaara nandagaaainv, varasaana, sanket ke nikat bahti hui govardhan mein jamunaavati par aati thi aur doosari dhaara peeraghaat se hoti hui gokul ki or chali jaati thi. aage daanon dhaaraaeain ek hokar vartamaan Agra ki or badh jaati thi.

paraasauli mein yamuna ko dhaara pravaahit hone ka pramaan s. 1717 tak milta hai. yadyapi is par vishvaas hona kathin hai. shri gangaaprasaad kamathaan ne brajabhaasha ke ek musalmaan bhakt kavi kaarabeg upamaan kaare ka vrutaant prakaashit kiya hai. kaabeg ke kathanaanusaar jamuna ke tatavarti paraasauli gaaainv ka nivaasi tha aur usane apni rachana san 1717 mein srujit ki thi.

aadhunik pravaah

vartamaan samay mein sahaaranapur jile ke faijaabaad gaaainv ke nikat maidaan mein aane par yeh aage 65 meal tak badhti hui Haryana ke ambaala aur karanaal jilon ko uttar pradesh ke sahaaranapur aur mujaffaranagar jilon se alag karti hai. is bhoo-bhaag mein ismein maskarra, kath, hindan aur sabi naamak nadiyaaain milti hain, jinke kaaran iska aakaar bahut badh jaata hai. maidaan mein aate hi isse poorvi yamuna nahar aur pashchimi nahar nikaali jaati hain. ye donon naharein yamuna se paani lekar is bhoo-bhaag ki saikadon meal dharati ko hara-bhara aur upaj sampann bana deti hain.

is bhoo-bhaag mein yamuna ki dhaara ke donon or Punjab aur uttar pradesh ke kai chhote bade nagaron ki seemaaeain hain, kintu iske theek tat par basa hua sabse praacheen aur pehla nagar Delhi hai, jo lambe samay se Bhaarat ki rajdhani hai. Delhi ke laakhon nar-naariyon ki aavashyakta ki poorti karte hue aur vahaaain ki dheron gandagi ko bahaati hui yeh okhala naamak sthaan par pahuainchati hai. yahaaain par is par ek bada baandh baandha gaya hai jisse nadi ki dhaara poori tarah niyantrit kar li gayi hai. isi baandh se Agra nahar niklati hai, jo Haryana, Delhi aur uttar pradesh ki saikadon meal bhoomi ko sinchit karti hai. Delhi se aage yeh Haryana aur uttar pradesh ki seema banaati hui tatha Haryana ke Faridabad jile ko uttar pradesh ke Ghaziabad jile se alag karti hui uttar pradesh mein pravaahit hone lagti hai.

tatavarti sthaan

braj pradesh ki saanskrutik seema mein yamuna nadi ka pratham pravesh bulandashahar jila ki khurja tahaseel ke 'jebar' naamak kasba ke nikat hota hai. vahaaain se yeh dakshin ki or bahti hui Faridabad (Haryana) jile ki palaval tahaseel aur Aligadh, uttar pradesh ke haatharas jile ki khair tahaseel ki seema nirmit karti hai. iske baad yeh chhaata tahaseel ke shaahapur gram ke nikat yeh Mathura jile mein pravesh karti hai aur Mathura jile ki chhaata aur bhaaaint tahaseelon ki seema nirdhaarit karti hai. jebar se sheragadh tak yeh dakshinaabhimukh pravaahit hoti hai uske baad kuchh poorv ki or mud jaati hai. braj kshetr mein yamuna ke tat par basa hua pahila ullekhaneeya sthaan sheragadh hai.

sheragadh se kuchh door tak poorv ki disha mein bah kar fir yeh Mathura tak dakshin disha mein hi bahti hai. maarg mein iske donon or puraan prasiddh van aur upavan tatha Krishna leela sthaan vidhmaan hain. yahaaain par yeh bhaaaint se vrundaavan tak bal khaati hui bahti hai aur vrundaavan ko yeh teen or se gher leti hai. puraanon se gyaat hota hai, praacheen kaal mein vrundaavan mein yamuna ki kai dhaaraaeain theen, jinke kaaran vah lagbhag praayadveep sa ban gaya tha. usamein anek sundar vanakhand aur ghaas ke maidaan the, jahaaain Bhagwan shri Krishna apne saathi gop baalakon ke saath gaayein charaaya karte the.

vartamaan kaal mein yamuna ki ek hi dhaara hai aur usi ke tat par vrundaavan basa hua hai. vahaaain madhya kaal mein anek dharmaachaaryon aur bhakt kaviyon ne nivaas kar krushnopaasana aur Krishna bhakti ka prachaar kiya tha. vrundaavan mein yamuna ke kinaaron par bade sundar ghaat bane hue hain aur un par anek mandir-devaalaya, chhatariyaan aur dharmashaalaaeain hai. inse yamuna ke tat ki shobha adhik badh jaati hai. vrundaavan se aage dakshin ki or bahti hui yeh nadi Mathura nagar mein pravesh karti hai.

Mathura yamuna ke tat par basa hua ek eesa aitihaasik aur dhaarmik sthaan hai, jiski deerghakaalin gaurav gaatha prasiddh hai. yahaaain par Bhagwan shri Krishna ne avataar dhaaran kiya tha, jisse iske mahatva ki vruddhi hui hai. yahaaain bhi yamuna ke tat par bade sundar ghaat bane hue hain. yamuna mein naav se athva pul se dekhne par Mathura nagar aur uske ghaaton ka manoram drashya dikhaai deta hai. Mathura mein yamuna par do pakke pul bane hain jinmein se ek par relagaadi chalti hai tatha doosare par sadak parivhan chalte hain. Mathura nagar ki dakshini seema par ab gokul bairaaj bhi nirmit karaaya gaya hai jiska uddeshya braj ke bhoomigat jal ke star ko pun: vaapis laana aur braj ki upajaaoo bhoomi ko adhikaadhik sinchit karna hai. vigat kaal mein yamuna Mathura-vrundaavan mein ek vishaal nadi ke rup mein pravaahit hoti thi, kintu jabase isse naharein nikaali gayi hain, tab se iska jaleeya aakaar chhota ho gaya hai. keval varsha riatu me yeh apna poorvavarti rup dhaaran kar leti hai. us samay meelon tak iska paani fail jaata hai.

Mathura se aage yamuna ke tat par baayeen or gokul aur mahaavan jaise dhaarmik sthal hain tatha daayein tat par pehle Aurangabad aur uske baad farah jaise gram hain. yahaaain tak yamuna ke kinaare reteele hain, kintu aage pathareele aur chatataani ho jaate hain, jisse jal dhaara bal khaati hui manoram rup mein pravaahit hoti hai.

saadaabaad tahaseel ke gram akos ke paas yamuna Mathura jile ki seema se baahar niklati hai aur fir kuchh door tak Mathura aur Agra jilon ki seema nirmit karti hai. saadaabaad tahaseel ke mandaur gram ke paas yeh Agra jile mein pravesh karti hai. vahaaain ismein karaban aur gambhir naamak nadiyaan aakar milti hain.

Agra jile mein pravesh karne par nagala akos ke paas iske paani se nirmit keetham jheel hai, jo sailaaniyon ke liye badi aakarshak hai. keetham se runakata tak yamuna ke kinaare ek sanrakshit vanakhand ka nirmaan kiya gaya hai, jo 'sooradaas van' kahalaata hai. runakata ke sameep hi yamuna tat par 'goghaat' ka vah praacheen dhaarmik sthal hai, jahaaain mahaatma sooradaas ne 12 varshon tak nivaas kiya tha aur jahaaain unhonne mahaaprabhu ballabhaachaarya se deeksha li thi.

yamuna ke tatavarti sthaanon mein Delhi ke baad sarvaadhik bada nagar Agra hi hai. yeh ek prasiddh aitihaasik, vyaapaarik env paryatan sthal hai, jo mugal samraaton ki rajdhani bhi rah chuka hai. yeh yamuna tat se kaafi ooainchaai par basa hua hai - yamuna Delhi ke poorvi bhaag mein bahti hai, uttar se dakshin ki taraf. yahaaain par bhi yamuna par do pul nirmit hain. Agra mein yamuna tat par jo imaaratein hai, mugal baadashaahon dvaara nirmit kila aur taaj mahal paryatakon ke nimitt atyaadhik prasiddh hain.

Agra nagar se aage yamuna ke ek or firojaabaad aur doosari or fatehabaad jila aur tahaseel sthit hai. unke baad bateshvar ka suprasiddh dhaarmik aur aitihaasik sthal aata hai, jahaaain braj ki saanskrutik seema samaapt hoti hai. bateshvar ka praacheen naam 'saurapur' hai, jo Bhagwan shri Krishna ke pitaamah shoor ki rajdhani thi. yahaaain par yamuna ne bal khaate hue bada mod liya hai, jisse bateshvar ek dweep ke samaan gyaat hota hai. is sthaan par kaartik poornama ko yamuna snaan ka ek bada mela lagta hai.

bateshvar se aage itaava ek nagar ke rup mein yamuna tat par basa hua hai. yeh bhi Agra aur bateshvar ki bhaaainti ooainchaai par basa hua hai. yamuna ke tat par jitne ooainche kagaar Agra aur itaava jilon mein hain, utane maidaan mein anyatr naheen hain. itaava se aage madhya pradesh ki prasiddh nadi chambal yamuna mein aakar milti hai, jisse iska aakaar visteern ho jaata hai, apne udgam se lekar chambal ke sangam tak yamuna nadi, ganga nadi ke samaanaantar bahti hai. iske aage un donon ke beech ke antar kam hota jaata hai aur ant mein prayaag mein jaakar ve donon sangam banaakar mishrit ho jaati hain.

chambal ke pashchaat yamuna nadi mein milne waali nadiyon mein seingar, chhoti sindh, batava aur ken ullekhaneeya hain. itaava ke pashchaat yamuna ke tatavarti nagaron mein kaalpi, hameer pur aur prayaag mukhya hai. prayaag mein yamuna ek vishaal nadi ke rup mein prastut hoti hai aur vahaaain ke prasiddh aitihaasik kile ke neeche ganga mein mil jaati hai. prayaag mein yamuna par ek vishaal pul nirmit kiya gaya hai, jo do manjila hai. ise uttar pradesh ka vishaalatam setu maana jaata hai. yamuna aur ganga ke sangam ke kaaran hi, prayaag ko teertharaaj ka mahatva praapt hua hai. yamuna nadi ki kul lambaai udgam se lekar prayaag sangam tak lagbhag 860 meal hai.

bhaaratavarsh ki sarvaadhik pavitra aur praacheen nadiyon mein yamuna ki ganana ganga ke saath ki jaati hai. yamuna aur ganga ke do aab ki punyabhoomi mein hi aaryon ki puraatan sanskruti ka gauravashaali rup ban saka tha. brajamandal ki to yamuna ek maatr mahatvapoorn nadi hai. jahaaain tak braj sanskruti ka sanbadh hai, yamuna ko keval nadi kehna hi paryaapt naheen hai. vastut: yeh braj sanskruti ki sahaayak, iski deerdh kaaleen parampara ki prerak aur yahaaain ki dhaarmik bhaavana ki pramukh aadhaar rahi hai.

pauraanik anushrutiyon ke anusaar yeh dem mein yamuna ji ke ek hajaar naamon se usaki pashasti ka gaayan kiya gaya hai. 3 yamuna ke paramabhakt iska dainik rup se prati din paath karte hain.

brajabhaasha ke bhakt kaviyon aur visheshat: vallabh sampradaayi kaviyon ne giriraaj govardhan ki bhaaainti yamuna ke prati bhi atishya shraddha vyakt ki hai. is sampradaaya ka shaayad hi koi kavi ho, jisne apni yamuna ke prati apni kaavya - shraddhaanjali arpit na ki ho. unka yamuna stuti sambandhi saahitya brajabhaasha bhakti kaavya ka ek ullekhaneeya ang hai.

bhoogol se sambandhit yeh lekh ek aadhaar hai. aap ise badhaakar vikipeediya ki sahaayata kar sakte hain. the va b