yajurved

yajurved
Rigveda MS2097.jpg
vedon ki 19vi shataabdi ki paandulipi
granth ka parimaan
shlok sankhya(lambaai)
 3988 richaaeain
rachana kaal
 7000 - 1500 isa poorv

yajurved hindu dharm ka ek mahattvapoorn shruti dharmagranth aur chaar vedon mein se ek hai. ismein yagya ki asal prakriya ke liye gadya aur padya mantr hain. ye hindu dharm ke chaar pavitratam pramukh granthon mein se ek hai aur aksar rigved ke baad doosra ved maana jaata hai - ismein rigved ke 663 mantra paae jaate hain. fir bhi ise rigved se alag maana jaata hai kyonki yajurved mukhya roop se ek gadyaatmak granth hai. yagya mein kahe jaane vaale gadyaatmak mantron ko ''yajus'' kaha jaata hai. yajurved ke padyaatmak mantr riagved ya atharvaved se liye gaye hai.[1] inmein svatantr padyaatmak mantr bahut kam hain. yajurved mein do shaakha hain : dakshin Bhaarat mein prachalit Krishna yajurved aur uttar Bhaarat mein prachalit shukl yajurved shaakha.

jahaan riagved ki rachana sapt-sindhu kshetr mein hui thi vaheen yajurved ki rachana kurukshetr ke pradesh mein hui.[2] kuchh logon ke mataanusaar iska rachanaakaal 1400 se 1000 E.poo. ka maana jaata hai.

anukram

naam aur vishay

yajus ke naam par hi ved ka naam yajus+ved(=yajurved) shabdon ki sandhi se bana hai. yaj ka arth samarpan se hota hai . padaarth (jaise indhan, ghi, aadi), karm (seva, tarpan ), shraaddh, yog, indriya nigrah [3] ityaadi ke havan ko yajan yaani samarpan ki kriya kaha gaya hai .

is ved mein adhikaanshat: yajnyaon aur havanon ke niyam aur vidhaan hain, at:yah granth karmakaand pradhaan hai. yajurved ki sanhitaaen lagbhag antim rachi gayi sanhitaaen theen, jo isa poorv dviteeya sahasraabdi se pratham sahasraabdi ke aaranbhik sadiyon mein likhi gain thi.[1] is granth se aaryon ke saamaajik aur dhaarmik jeevan par prakaash padta hai. unke samay ki varn-vyavastha tatha varnaashram ki jhaaainki bhi ismein hai. yajurved sanhita mein vaidik kaal ke dharm ke karmakaand aayojan hetu yagya karne ke liye mantron ka sangrah hai. iname karmakaand ke kai yajnyaon ka vivran hai:

rigved ke lagbhag 663 mantra yathaavat yajurved mein milte hain. yajurved ved ka ek aisa prabhaag hai, jo aaj bhi jan-jeevan mein apna sthaan kisi na kisi roop mein banaaye huai hai.[4] sanskaaron evam yajnyaeeya karmakaandon ke adhikaansh mantr yajurved ke hi hain.[5]

raashtrotthaan hetu praarthana

o3m aa brahman braahmanon brahmavarchasi jaayataamaaraashtre raajany: shoorऽishavyoऽtivyaadhi mahaaratho jaayataan dogdhri dhenurvodhaaऽnadvaanaashu: sapti: purandhiryosha jishnoo ratheshthaa: sabheyo yuvaasya yajamaanasya veero jaayataan nikaame-nikaame n: parjanyo varshatu falavatyo nऽoshadhay: pachyantaan yogakshemo n: kalpataam . -- yajurved 22, mantr 22
arth-
brahman ! svaraashtr mein hon, dvij brahm tejadhaari .
kshatriya mahaarathi hon, aridl vinaashakaari .
hovein dudhaaroo gaueain, pashu ashv aashuvaahi .
aadhaar raashtra ki hon, naari subhag sada hi .
balavaan sabhya yoddha, yajamaan putr hovein .
ichhaanusaar varshein, parjanya taap dhovein .
fal-fool se ladi hon, aushadh amogh saari .
hon yog-kshemakaari, svaadheenata hamaari .

sanpradaaya, shaakhaaen aur sanhitaaen

sanpradaaya

yajurvedaadhyaayi parampara mein do sampradaaya- brahm sampradaaya athva Krishna yajurved aur aaditya sampradaaya athva shukl yajurved hi pramukh hain.

sanhitaaen

vartamaan mein Krishna yajurved ki shaakha mein 4 sanhitaaeain -taittireeya, maitraayani, kath aur kapishthal kath hi upalabdh hain. shukl yajurved ki shaakhaaon mein do pradhaan sanhitaaeain- 1. madhyadin sanhita aur 2. kaanv sanhita hi vartamaan mein upalabdh hain. aajkal praay: upalabdh hone wala yajurved madhyadin sanhita hi hai. ismein 40 adhyaaya, 1975 kandikaaeain (ek kandika kai bhaagon mein yaagaadi anushthaan karmon mein prayukt honein se kai mantron waali hoti hai.) tatha 3988 mantr hain. vishvavikhyaat gaayatri mantra (36.3) tatha mahaamrutyunyajaya mantr (3.60) ismein bhi hai.

shaakhaaen

yajurved karmakaand se juda hua hai. ismein vibhinn yajnyaon (jaise ashvamedh) ka varnan hai. yajurved paath adhvurya dvaara kiya jaata hai. yajurved 5 shaakhaao me vibhkt hai-

  1. kaathak
  2. kapishthal
  3. maitriyaani
  4. taiteereeya
  5. vaajasaneyi

kaha jaata hai ki ved vyaas ke shishya vaishanpaayan ke 27 shishya the, inmein sabse pratibhaashaali the yaajnyaavalkya. inhonne ek baar yagya mein apne saathiyo ki ajnyaaanata se kshubdh ho gaye. is vivaad ke dekhkar vaishanpaayan ne yaajnyaavalkya se apni sikhaai hui vidya vaapas maangi. is par kruddh yaajnyaavalkya ne yajurved ka vaman kar diya - gyaan ke kan Krishna varn ke rakt se sane hue the. isse Krishna yajurved ka janm hua. yeh dekhkar doosare shishyon ne teetar bankar un daanon ko chug liya aur isse taittareeya sanhita ka janm hua.

yajurved ke bhaashyakaaron mein uvat (1040 isvi) aur maheedhar (1588) ke bhaashya ullekhaneeya hain. inke bhaashya yajnyaeeya karmon se sambandh darshaate hain. shrungeri ke shankaraachaaryon mein bhi yajurved bhaashyon ki vidvatta ki parampara rahi hai.

inhein bhi dekhein

sandarbh

  1. ↑ a aa yajurved. Bhaarat kosh par dekhein
  2. ↑ yajurved. braj diskavari
  3. ↑ bhagvadageeta mein (4.26) mein kaha gaya hai - shrotraadineenadriyan sanyamaagne juhvati, shabdaadi vishyaananya indiriyaashu juhvati ..' yaani shrotraadi indriyon ko sanyam mein jalaana aur shabdaadi ko vishyon se pruthak karna samarpan hai .
  4. ↑ ved. ved vidya.com
  5. ↑ brahm kya hai? jeev kya hai? aatma kya hai? brahmaannd ki utpatti kaise hui hai?. satya ki khoj

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