yahoodi dharm

yahoodi dharm Israel aur hibroobhaashiyon ka raajadharm hai aur iska pavitra granth tanakh baaibal ka praacheen bhaag maana jaata hai. dhaarmik paigmbari maanyata maanane vaale dharm islaam aur isaai dharm ka aadhaar isi parampara aur vichaaradhaara ko maana jaata hai. is dharm mein ekeshvaravaad aur ishvar ke doot yaani paigmbar ki maanyata pradhaan hai. apne likhit itihaas ki vajah se ye kam se kam 3000 saal puraana maana jaata hai.

anukram

parichay

jaaniye hajarat Ibrahim ka Allah ke prati ehataraam aur aitamaad ke baare mein...

baabil (bebeelon) ke nirvaasan se lautakar ijraayali jaati mukhya roop se yeroosalem tatha uske aaspaas ke 'yooda' (Judah) naamak pradesh mein bas gayi tha, is kaaran ijraayaliyon ke is samay ke dhaarmik evam saamaajik sangathan ko yoodaavaad (yoodaaijm/Judaism) kehte hain.

us samay yeroosalem ka mandir yahoodi dharm ka kendra bana aur yahoodiyon ko maseeh ke aagaman ki aasha bani rahati thi. nirvaasan ke poorv se hi tatha nirvaasan ke samay mein bhi yashayaah, jeraimiya, yahejakel aur daaniyel naamak nabi is yoodaavaad ki neenv daal rahe the. ve yahoodiyon ko yaahave ke vishuddh ekeshvaravaadi dharm ka upadesh diya karte the aur sikhlaate the ki nirvaasan ke baad jo yahoodi filisteen lauteinge ve nae josh se ishvar ke niyamon par chaleinge aur maseeh ka raajya taiyaar kareinge.

nirvaasan ke baad ejra, naihemiya, aage, jaakaariya aur malaakiya is dhaarmik navajaagaran ke neta bane. 537 i0poo0 mein baabil se ja pehla kaafila yeroosalem lauta, usamein yoodaavansh ke 40,000 log the, unhonne mandir tatha praacheer ka jeernonddhaar kiya. baad mein aur kaafile lautai. yooda ke ve ijaraayali apne ko ishvar ki praja samajhne lage. bahut se yahoodi, jo baabil mein dhani ban gaye the, vaheen rah gaye kintu baabil tatha anya deshon ke pravaasi yahoodiyon ka vaastavik kendra yeroosalem hi bana aur yada ke yahoodi apni jaati ke neta maane jaane lage.

kisi bhi prakaar ki moortipooja ka teevr virodh tatha anya dharmon ke saath samanvaya se ghruna yoodaavaad ki mukhya visheshata hai. us samay yahoodiyon ka koi raaja naheen tha aur pradhaan yaajak dhaarmik samudaaya par shaasan karte the. vaastav mein yaahve (ishvar) yahoodiyon ka raaja tha aur baaibil mein sangruheet moosa sanhita samast jaati ke dhaarmik evam naagrik jeevan ka samvidhaan ban gayi. gair yahoodi is shart par is samudaaya ke sadasya ban sakte the. ki ve yaahve ka dharm tatha moosa ki sanhita sveekaar karein. aisa maana jaata tha ki maseeh ke aane par samast maanav jaati unke raajya mein sanmilit ho jaayagi, kintu yoodaavaad swayam sankeern hi raha.

yoodaavaad antiyokus chaturth (175-164 i0poo0) tak shaantipoorvak bana raha kintu is raaja ne usapar yoonaani sanskruti laadne ka prayatn kiya jiske falasvaroop makkaabiyon ke netrutv mein yahoodiyon ne unka virodh kiya tha.

ishvar

yahoodi maanyataaon ke anusaar ishvar ek hai aur uske avataar ya svaroop naheen hai, lekin vo doot se apne sandesh bhejata hai. isaai aur islaam dharm bhi inheen maanyataaon par aadhaarit hai par islaam mein ishvar ke niraakaar hone par adhik jor daala gaya hai. yahoodiyon ke anusaar moosa ko ishvar ka sandesh duniya mein failaane ke liye mila tha jo likhit (tanaakh) tatha maukhik roopon mein tha. ishvar ne isaraayal ke logon ko ek ishvar ki archana karne ke

dharmagranth

yahoodi dharmagranth ibraani bhaasha mein likha gaya tanakh hai, jo asal mein isaaiyon ki baaibal ka poorvaardh hai. ise puraana niyam (old testaament) kehte hain.

sandeshavaahak (nabi)

moosa

moosa ko ishvar dvaara das aadesh mile the.

Ibrahim

Ibrahim yahoodi, musalmaani aur isaai--teenon dharmon ke pitaamah maane jaate hain.

hajarat Ibrahim na ek yahoodi tha aur na hi ek isaai lekin vah ek sachcha vishvaasi tha aur vah sirf Allah ke saamane jhuka aur usane Allah ke saath kisi ko shareekh naheen kiya."

(soora al Imran, 67)

hajarat Ibrahim apne mein ek aise vyaktitv hain, jo isaai, yahoodi aur islaam dharm mein ek prakaash stambh ke roop mein khade hai. in teeno majahabon ki deeni kitaabon mein aap hajarat Ibrahim ko kaheen na kaheen hamesha paaenge. hibroo baaibal mein hajarat Ibrahim ko "hajarat Ibrahim ibn ajaar" kaha hai jiska arth hai "nabiyon ke pita", vaheen doosari aur islaam mein hajarat Ibrahim ko rasool kaha hai aur inko nabi maana hai. Allah mein hajarat Ibrahim ki aastha atoot thi. yadi sahi se dekha jaae to hajarat Ibrahim apne jeevan mein ek aise vyaktitv ka pratinidhitv karte najar aate hain jo ki saarvabhaumik hone ke saath saath aatmasamarpan mein bhi bahut hi maulik hai. islaam ki maanyata ke anusaar "kaaba" ka nirmaan hajarat Ibrahim ne kiya tha aur vartamaan mein bhi "Eid al ajaha" ka tyauhaar bhi hajarat Ibrahim ke khudaai vishvaas ki yaad mein hi manaaya jaata hai, jo hame bhi ishvar ke prati apni shraddha aur vishvaas ko hajarat Ibrahim ki tarah hi majaboot karne ka sandesh deta hai. hajarat Ibrahim ka janm 2510 BC ko Iraq ke bebeelaun shahar mein hua. hajarat Ibrahim ke parivaar mein inki teen patniya thi, jinke naam saara, haajara aur khitaura hain aur hajarat Ibrahim ke do bachche the jinke naam "ismaail aur isahaak" hain. hajarat Ibrahim ke jeevan mein unki Allah ke prati shraddha aur vishvaas hi unako janasaamaanya se kaheen ooaincha banaata hai. aaj ham aapke saamane hajarat Ibrahim ke jeevan ki do aisi ghatnaaon ki jaankaari de rahein hain, jinse koi bhi yeh sabak sahaj hi le sakta hai ki Allah ke prati kis prakaar ka vishvaas aur kis prakaar ka samarpan hona chaahiye, hajarat Ibrahim ke jeevan ki yeh do ghatnaaen pratyek vyakti ke liye is baat ki kasauti hain ki usaka Allah ke prati kis prakaar ka samarpan aur kis prakaar ka vishvaas hai. aaiye jaante hain hajarat Ibrahim ke jeevan ki un do ghatnaaon ke baare mein, jo hamaare jeevan ka utthaan karne ki kaabaliyt rakhati hain. 1- aag ka samandar aur hajarat Ibrahim -

hajarat Ibrahim ne logon ko butaparasti se nikaal kar sahi raah par laane ke liye ek anokha raasta chuna, unhonne ek raat apne shahar ke sabse bade upaasana ghar mein jaakar vahaan rakhi sabhi murtiya tod daali, subah jab logon ko pata laga to unhonne hajarat Ibrahim se bhi poochh-taachh ki, is par hajarat Ibrahim ne unase kaha ki "tum log mujhe kyon poochhate ho un moortiyon se hi poochho jisko tum din raat apni pareshaaniyaan sunaate ho, yadi vah tumhaari pareshaaniyaan sunati hain to aapke ye prashn kyon na sunakar bata sakeingi ki in chhoti moortiyon ko kisne toda hai, mere khyaal se to inko us mukhya aur badi moorti ne hi raat mein toda hai kyuki vahi mahafooj hai." yeh jabaab sunakar mandir ke logon ka gussa hajarat Ibrahim par aur bhi jyaada badh gaya aur unhonne iski shikaayat us samay ke raaja namarood se ki. namarood ne is ghatna mein hajarat Ibrahim ko gunaahagaar thahara kar unhein jinda hi aag mein faink dene ki saja suna di. namarood bahut hi kroor shaasak tha, uske dvaara sunaai yeh saja aag ki tarah saare shahar mein fail gayi. hajarat Ibrahim ko aag mein fainkane ke liye sabse pehle ek bada gadhdha khod gaya aur lakadiyon ka ek bada dher jama kiya gaya. samay aane par hajarat Ibrahim ko laaya gaya aur lakadiyon mein aag laga di gayi. aag ki lapate aakaash ko chhoo rahi thi, vah itni ooainchi thi ki aakaash mein udte pakshi bhi usamein jal kar gir rahein the. hajarat Ibrahim ke haath-pair janjeeron mein jakade hue the aur us antim samay mein hajarat Ibrahim ko us aag mein fainkane ke liye taiyaar ki gayi ek badi gulel ke paas le jaaya gaya aur usamein hajarat Ibrahim ko daal diya ab us bheeshan aur dhadhakati hui aag mein hajarat Ibrahim ko faink diya jaana tha, theek us samay hi hajarat Ibrahim ke paas farishta jibraail aaya aur usane hajarat Ibrahim se kaha ki "hajarat Ibrahim , jo kuchh bhi is samay tumhaari ichha hai, vo kaho" , hajarat Ibrahim yadi chaahate to us samay apne ko aag se door le jaane ya aag se bachaane ko kah sakte the par hajarat Ibrahim ne kaha "Allah mere liye paryaapt hai, vah mere maamalon ka sabse achha niptaara karne wala hai." gulel ko jaari kar diya gaya aur hajarat Ibrahim ko aag ke beech mein feink diya gaya aur us samay hi Allah ki aur se hukm jaari hua "aag thandi ho ja aur hajarat Ibrahim ke liye suraksha kavach ban ja", aur ek chamatkaar hua hajarat Ibrahim us jalati hui aag se surakshit baahar aaye, unke chehare par us samay shaanti aur suraksha ke bhaav the. logon ne jab unhein (hajarat Ibrahim) ko dekha to dekhne waali bheed ke logo ne hajarat Ibrahim) ko dekha aur bada aashcharya kiya aur kaha ki "hajarat Ibrahim ke khuda ne use bacha liya " .

"mere Allah !mujhe unamein se ek bana jo niyamit praarthana karte hain, aur mere vanshajo ko bhi, he prabhu ! aur too meri praarthana sveekaar kar."

(soora hajarat Ibrahim 40)

yahaan hajarat Ibrahim ke us vishvaas ko dekhna chaahiye ki maut ke antim pal mein bhi hajarat Ibrahim na to apne yakeen ko jra bhi kam karte hain aur na hi apne vishvaas ko. ve us kshan mein bhi kehte hain "Allah mere liye paryaapt hai" . ye jo hajarat Ibrahim ka vishvaas hai, isse hi vah hamein yeh sikhaate hain ki agar ham ibaadat karte hai to hamaara vishvaas kis kadar ooncha aur pakka hona chaahiye taaki ham usaki mehar ko apne jeevan mein mahasoos kar sakein. قaaُaaلaaْ صaaَaaدaaَaaقaaَ اaaلaaلaaَaaّaaهaaُ ۗ فaaَaaاaaتaaَaaّaaبaaِaaعaaُaaوaaا مaaِaaلaaَaaّaaةaaَ إaaِaaبaaْaaرaaَaaاaaهaaِaaيaaمaaَ حaaَaaنaaِaaيaaفaaًaaا وaaَaaمaaَaaا كaaَaaاaaنaaَ مaaِaaنaaَ اaaلaaْaaمaaُaaشaaْaaرaaِaaكaaِaaيaaنaaَ "kaho, Allah sach bolata hai aur abraahim ki shikshaaon ka paalan karein, jis par vishvaas karna samajhadaari hai, vah butaparast naheen tha" (soora al Imran, 95) mote akshar

nooh

nooh ne ishvar ke aadesh par mahaapralaya ke samay bahut badi kishti banaayi thi -- aur usamein srushti ko bachaaya, jaisa ki raaja manu ne kiya tha (hindu maanyataanusaar).

mat

yahoodi mrutu ke baad ki duniya mein utana dhyaan naheen dete. jo bhi ho, unke hisaab se sabhi manushyon ko yahoodi hona zaroori naheen hai, baaki dharmaavalambi bhi kyaamat ke baad svarg jaayeinge.

pramukh siddhaant

baaibil ke poorvaardh mein jis dharm or darshan ka pratipaadan kiya gaya hai vah nimnalikhit maulik siddhaanton par aadhaarit hai -

ek hi sarvashaktimaan ishvar ko chhodkar aur koi devata naheen hai. ishvar ijaraayal tatha anya deshein par shaasan karta he aur vah itihaas tatha pruthvi ki ev ghatnaaon ka sootradhaar hai. vah pavitra hai aur apne bhakton se yeh maaaing karta hai ki paap se bachakar pavitra jeevan bitaaeain. ishvar ek nyaayi evam nishpaksh nyaayakarta hai jo kookarmiyon ko dand aur bhale logon ko inaam deta hai. vah dayaalu bhi he aur pashchaataap karne par paapiyon ko kshama pradaan karta hai, is kaaran use pita ki sanjnyaa bhi di ja sakti hai. ishvar us jaati ki raksha karta hai jo usaki sahaayata maaaingati hai. yahoodiyon ne us ek hi ishvar ke anek naam rakhe the, arthaat eloheem, yaahave aur adonaai. baaibil ke poorvaardh se yeh spasht naheen ho paata hai ki ishvar is jeevan mein hi athva paralok mein bhi paapiyon ko dand aur achhe logon ko inaam deta hai.
itihaas mein ishvar ne apne ko Abraham tatha uske mahaan vanshajon par prakat kiya hai. usane unako sikhlaaya hai ki vah svarg, pruthvi tatha sabhi cheejon ka srushtikrta hai. srushti ishvar ka koi roopaantar naheen hai kyonki ishvar ki satta srushti se sarvatha bhinn hai, is lokottar ishvar ne apni ichhaashakti dvaara sabhi cheejon ki srushti ki hai. yahoodi log srushtikrta aur srushti in donon ko sarvatha bhinn samajhte the.
samast maanav jaati ki mukti hetu apna vidhaan prakat karne ke liye ishvar ne yahoodi jaati ko chun liya hai. yeh jaati Abraham se praarambh hui thi (de0 Abraham) aur moosa ke samay ishvar tatha yahoodi jaati ke beech ka vyavasthaan sampann hua tha.
maseeh ka bhaavi aagaman yahoodi jaati ke aitihaasik vikaas ki paraakaashtha hogi. maseeh samast pruthvi par ishvar ka raajya sthaapit kareinge aur maseeh ke dvaara ishvar yahoodi jaati ke prati upani pratijnyaaaen poori karega. kintu baaibil ke poorvaardh mein iska kaheen bhi spasht ullekh naheen milta ki maseeh kab aur kahaaain prakat hone vaale hain.
moosa sanhita yahoodiyon ke aacharan tatha unke karmakaand ka maapdand tha kintu unke itihaas mein aisa samay bhi aaya jab ve moosaasanhita ke niyamon ki upeksha karne lage. ishvar tatha uske niyamon ke prati yahoodiyon ke is vishvaasaghaat ke kaaran unako baabil ke nirvaasan ka dand bhogana pada. us samay bhi bahut se yahoodi praarthana, upavaas tatha paropakaar dvaara apni sachchi ishvarabhakti pramaanit karte the.
yahoodi dharm ki upaasana yeroosalem ke mahaamandir mein keindreebhoot thi. us mandir ki seva tatha prashaasan ke liye yaajakon ka shreneebaddh sangathan kiya gaya tha. yeroosalem ke mandir mein ishvar vishesh roop se vidyamaan hai, yeh yahoodiyon ka ddadh vishvaas tha aur ve sab ke sab us mandir ki teerthayaatra karna chaahate the taaki ve ishvar ke saamane upasthit hokar uske prati apna hrudaya prakat kar sakein. mandir ke dhaarmik anushthaan tatha tyohaaron ke avsar par usamein aayojit samaaroh bhakt yahoodiyon ko aanandit kiya karte the. chhathi shataabdi i0 poo0 ke nirvaasan ke baad vibhinn sthaaneeya sabhaagharon mein bhi ishvar ki upaasana ki jaane lagi.
praarambh se hi kuchh yahoodiyon (aur baad mein musalmaanon ne) baaibil ke poorvaardh mein pratipaadit dharm tatha darshan ki vyaakhya apne dhang se ki hai. isaaiyon ka vishvaas hai ki isa hi baaibil mein pratijnyaaat maseeh hai kintu isa ke samay mein bahut se yahoodiyon ne isa ko asveekaar kar diya. aajkal bhi yahoodi dharmaavalanbi sachche maseeh ki raah dekh rahe hain. sant paul ke anusaar yahoodi jaati kisi samay isa ko maseeh ke roop mein sveekaar karegi.