vishv dharohar
yunesko vishv viraasat sthal aise khaas sthaanon (jaise van kshetr, parvat, jheel, marusthal, smaarak, bhavan, ya shahar ityaadi) ko kaha jaata hai, jo vishv viraasat sthal samiti dvaara chayanit hote hain; aur yahi samiti in sthalon ki dekharekh yunesko ke tatvaadhaan mein karti hai.
is kaaryakram ka uddeshya vishv ke aise sthalon ko chayanit evam sanrakshit karna hota hai jo vishv sanskruti ki drushti se maanavata ke liye mahatvapoorn hain. kuchh khaas paristhitiyon mein aise sthalon ko is samiti dvaara aarthik sahaayata bhi di jaati hai. ab tak (2006 tak) poori duniya mein lagbhag 830 sthalon ko vishv viraasat sthal ghoshit kiya ja chuka hai jismein 644 saanskrutik, 24 mile-jule aur 138 anya sthal hain.
pratyek viraasat sthal us desh vishesh ki sampatti hoti hai, jis desh mein vah sthal sthit ho; parantu antarraashtreeya samudaaya ka hit bhi isi mein hota hai ki ve aanevaali peedhiyon ke liye aur maanavata ke hit ke liye inka sanrakshan karein. balki poore vishv samudaaya ko iske sanrakshan ki jimmevaari hoti hai.
anukram
itihaas
sammelan poorv
san 1959 mein, misr ki sarkaar ne aasvaan baandh banavaane ka nishchaya kiya. isse praacheen sabhyata ke abu sinbal jaise anek bahumulya ratnoain ke khajaane se bhari ghaati ka baadh meain bah jaana nishchit tha. tab yunesko ne misr aur soodaan sarkaaron se appeal karne ke alaava, iske rakshopaaya ek vishvavyaapi abhiyaan chalaaya. isse yeh tay hua ki abu sinbal aur file mandir ko bhinn paashaan tukadon mein alag karke, ek ooainche sthaan par le jaakar pun: sthaapit kiya. is pariyojana ki laagat lagbhag $80 million thi, jismein se $40 million 50 bhinn deshon se ikaththa kiya gaya tha. ise vyaapak taur par, poorn safalta maana gaya tha aur isse prerit anekon aur abhiyaan chale (jaise venis aur uske laigoon ka sanrakshan Italy mein, mohan-jo-dado Pakistan mein aur Indonesia mein borobodar mandir praangan). tab yunesko ne antarraashtreeya smaarak aur sthal parishad ke saath pahal karke, ek sammelan kiya, jo maanavata ke saarvajanik saaainskrutik dharoharon ka sanrakshan karega.
sammelan evam prushthabhoomi
sarvapratham sanyukt raajya ne saanskrutik sanrakshan ko praakrutik sanrakshan ke saath sainyukt karne ka sujhaav diya. 1965 mein ek white house sammelan mein ek “avishv dharohar trasta” ki maaaing uthi, jo vishv ke sarvottam praakrutik aur aitihaasik sthalon ko vartamaan peedhi aur samast bhavishya naagarikta hetu sanrakshit kare”. antarraashtreeya prakruti sanrakshan sangh ne 1968 mein aise hi prastaav diye aur jo 1972 mein sanyukt raashtra sangh ke maanaviya paryaavaran par staukahom, sveedan mein sammelan mein prastut hue.
sabhi shaamil paartiyon ne ek samaan rai par sahamati di aur “avishv ke praakrutik aur saanskrutik dharoharon par sammelana” ko yunesko ke saamaanya sabha ne 16 November 1972 ko sveekruti di.
naamaankan prakriya
kisi bhi desh ko pratham to apne mahatvapoorn saanskrutik aur praakrutik dharoharon ki ek soochi banaani hoti hai. ise aajamaaishi soochi kehte hain. yeh aavashyak hai, kyonki vah raashtra aisi kisi sampada ko naamankit naheen bhi kar sakta hai, jiska naam us soochi mein pehle hi sammilit na hua ho. doosare, vah is soochi mein se kisi sampada ko chayanit kar naamaankan file mein daal sakta hai. vishv dharohar kendra is file ko banaane mein salaah deta aur sahaayata karta hai, jo kisi bhi vistaar tak ho sakti hai.
is bindu par, vah file svatantr rup se do sangathanon dvaara aankalit ki jaati hai: antarraashtreeya smaarak aur sthal parishad aur vishv sanrakshan sangh. yeh sansthaaen fir vishv dharohar samiti se sifaarish karti hai. samiti varsh mein ek baar baithati hai aur yeh nirnaya leti hai, ki pratyek naamaankit sampada ko vishv dharohar soochi mein sammilit karna hai ya naheen. kabhi yeh samiti apna nirnaya surakshit bhi raakhi sakti hai, raashtra party se aur soochana nivedan karte hue. kisi sthal ko is soochi mein sammilit hone ke liye, das maanadand paar karne hote hain.
chayan maanadand
yeh maanadand apni maulikta rakhane hetu abhi angreji mein diye gaye hain, sahi anuvaad upalabdh hone par hindi mein badal diye jaayeinge.
san 2004 ke ant tak, saanskॄtik dharohar hetu chh: maanadand the aur praakॄtik dharohar hetu chaar maanadand the. san 2005 mein, ise badal kar kul milaakar das maanadand bana diye gaye. kisi bhi naamaankit sthal ko nyoonatam ek maanadand to poora karna hi chaahiye.[1]
saanskrutik maanadand
praakrutik maanadand
saaainkhyiki
- inhein bhi dekhein: raashtra paartiyon par aadhaarit vishv dharohar sthalon ki saarani
vartamaan mein 851 vishv dharohar sthal hain, jo 142 raashtra paartiyon mein sthit hain. inmein se, 660 saanskrutik hain aur 25 mili juli sampadaaen hain. adhik vistaar se dekhein to raashtra paartiyon ka vargeekaran paaainch bhoogoleeya mandalon mein hota hai:
- Africa,
- arab raajya (jismein uttari Africa aur madhya-poorv Asia aate hain),
- Asia-prashaant (jismein Australia aur oshaniya bhi aate hain),
- Europe aur uttari amareeka (visheshataya sanyukt rajya aur Canada), tatha
- dakshin amareeka aur kaireebiyn.
yeh dhyaan yogya hai, ki roos aur kaukeshas raashtra Europe aur uttari amareeka mandal mein aate hain.
yunesko bhoogoleeya mandal gathan mein, prashaasan par adhik bal diya gaya hai, bajaay unki bhoogoleeya sthiti ke. isi kaaran se gogh dweep, jo dakshin atalaantik mahaasaagar mein sthit hai, Europe aur uttari amareeka mandal ka bhaag hai, kyonki iska naamaankan sanyukt raajashaahi ne kiya tha.
nimn saarani sthalon ka vistaar se naamaankan bataati hai, unke mandal aur vargon ke hisaab se:
| kshetr | praakrutik | saanskrutik | mile-jule | kul | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 33 | 38 | 3 | 74 | 9% |
| arab raajya | 3 | 58 | 1 | 62 | 7% |
| Asia-prashaant | 45 | 126 | 11 | 182[2] | 21% |
| Europe & uttari amareeka | 51 | 358 | 7 | 416 | 49% |
| dakshin amareeka & kairibiyn | 34 | 80 | 3 | 117 | 14% |
vishv dharohar sthalon ki soochi
- Africa mein vishv dharohar sthalon ki soochi
- amareeka mein vishv dharohar sthalon ki soochi
- Asia evam ostreleshiya mein vishv dharohar sthalon ki soochi
- arab raajyon mein vishv dharohar sthalon ki soochi
- Europe mein vishv dharohar sthalon ki soochi
- khatre mein vishv dharohar sthalon ki soochi
vishv dharohar sthalon ke samiti satr
vishv dharohar samiti varsh mein kai baar baithati hai, jismein vartamaan astitv mein vishv dharoharon ke prabandhan ke upaaya charchit hote hain aur saath hi ruchir raashtron ke naamaankan bhi sveekaar kiyi jaate hain. vishv dharohar samiti satr vaarshik hota hai, jahaan IUCN aur/ya ICOMOS dvaara prastut hone par aur raashtra-paartiyon se vimarsh kar ke, sthalon ko aadhikaarik roop se vishv dharohar soochi mein sammilit ghoshit kiya jaata hai. yeh vaarshik satr vishv ke bhinn shaharon mein se ek mein ho sakta hai. pairis, France mein hue satr ko chhodkar (jahaaain yunesko mukhyaalaya sthit hai) keval un raashtra paartiyon ko bhavishya ke satr ki mejabaani karni ka adhikaar hai, jo is samiti ke sadasya hain, ya unka sadasyata satr samiti ke bhavishya satr se pehle hi samaapt na ho raha ho
inhein bhi dekhein
- Bhaarat ke vishv dharohar sthal
- raashtra paartiyon par aadhaarit vishv dharohar sthalon ki
- sanrakshan vishyon ki soochi
- dharohar panjikaaon ki soochi
not
- ↑ "kraaiteriya for selekshan". vishv dharohar. http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/. abhigman tithi: 2006-10-14.
- ↑ The Uvs Nuur basin located in Russia and in Mongolia is here included in Asia-Pacific zone.
baahya kadiyaaain
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vikimeediya kaumans par vishv dharohar sthal se sambandhit media hai. |
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UNESCO vishv dharohar praveshadvaar — aadhikaarik byaurevaar website angreji aur French mein
- vishv dharohar soochi — Official searchable List of all Inscribed Properties
- KML file of the World Heritage List — Official KML version of the List for Google Earth and NASA Worldwind
- Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage — Official 1972 Convention Text in 7 languages
- Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage at Law-Ref.org — Fully indexed and crosslinked with other documents
- Organization of World Heritage Cities — Dealing with urban sites only
- WHTour.org — World Heritage sites in panographies - 360 degree imaging
- Worldheritage-Forum — Weblog and Information on World Heritage Issues
- UK Government's list of UK World Heritage Sites
- US National Park Service's list of US World Heritage Sites
- Parks Canada's list of CanaWorld Heritage logo.pngdian World Heritage Sites
- thesalmons.org's world heritage list — Unofficial list with links and map of sites
- VRheritage.org — Documentation of World Heritage Sites
- whc.kmz — Unofficial and incomplete World Heritage List in Google Earth (en françaaais)
- WorldHeritageProject.org — Preserving the beauty of our planet's natural and cultural diversity through the dynamic media of photography, film, music and other artistic expressions.