visheshan

vaakya mein sanjnyaa athva sarvanaam ki visheshata bataane vaale shabdon ko visheshan kehte hain. jaise - kaala kutta. is vaakya mein 'kaala' visheshan hai. jis shabd (sanjnyaa athva sarvanaam) ki visheshata bataayi jaati hai use visheshya kehte hain. uparokt vaakya mein 'kutta' visheshya hai.

jis vikaari shabd se sanjnyaa ki vyaapti maryaadit hoti hai, use bhi visheshan kehte hain. jaise- mehanati vidyaarthi safalta paate hain. dharamapur svachh nagar hai. vah peela hai. aisa aadmi kahaaain milega? in vaakyon mein mehanati, svachh, peela aur aisa shabd visheshan hain. jo kramash: vidyaarthi, dharamapur, vah aur aadmi ki visheshata bataate hain. visheshan shabd jiski visheshata bataaye, use visheshya kehte hain, at: vidyaarthi, dharamapur, vah aur aadmi shabd visheshya hain.

visheshan ke paanch prakaar hain:-visheshan

• (1) gunavaachak visheshan
• (2) sankhyaavaachak visheshan
• (3) parimaan-bodhak visheshan, aur
• (4) saarvanaamik visheshan.

 (5) vyaktivaachak visheshan

gunavaachak visheshan

jis shabd se sanjnyaa ya sarvanaam ke gun, roop, rang aadi ka bodh hota hai, use gun vaachak visheshan kehte hain. jaise-

1. bageeche mein sundar fool hain.

2. dharamapur svachh nagar hai.

3. svargavaahini gandi nadi hai.

4. svasth bachche khel rahe hain.

uparyukt vaakyon mein sundar, svachh, gandi aur svasth shabd gunavaachak visheshan hain. gun ka arth achhaai hi naheen, kintu koi bhi visheshata. achha, bura, khara, khota sabhi prakaar ke gun iske antargat aate hain.

1. samay sambandhi- naya, puraana, taaja, vartamaan, bhoot, bhavishya, agala, pichhla aadi.

2. sthaan sambandhi- lamba, chauda, ooaincha, neecha, seedha, baahari, bheetari aadi.

3. aakaar sambandhi- gol. chaukor, sudaul, pola, sundar aadi.

4. dasha sambandhi- dubala, patala, mota, bhaari, gaadha, geela, gareeb, paalatoo aadi.

5. varn sambandhi- laal, peela, neela, hara, kaala, baingani, sunahari aadi.

6. gun sambandhi- bhala, bura, uchit, anuchit, paap, jhooth aadi.

7. sanjnyaa sambandhi- munbaiya, banaarasi, lakhanavi aadi.

sankhyaavaachak visheshan

jis visheshan se sanjnyaa ya sarvanaam ki sankhya ka bodh hota hai, use sankhyaavaachak visheshan kehte hain. jaise-

1. kaksha mein chaalees vidyaarthi upasthit hain.

2. donon bhaaiyon mein bada prem hain.

3. unki doosari ladki ki shaadi hai.

4. desh ka harek baalak veer hai.

uparyukt vaakyon mein chaalees, donon, doosari aur harek shabd sankhyaavaachak visheshan hain. sankhyaavaachak visheshan ke bhi do prakaar hain-

1. nishchit sankhyaavaachak- jaise, ek, paaainch, saat, baarah, teesara, aadi.

2. anishchit sankhyaavaachak- jaise, kai, anek, sab, bahut aadi.

nishchit sankhyaavaachak ke chh: bhed hain-

1. poornaank bodhak- jaise, ek, das, sau, hajaar, lakh aadi.

2. apoornaank bodhak-, jaise, pauna, sava, dedh, dhaai aadi.

3. kramavaachak- jaise, doosra, chautha, gyaarahavaaain, pachaasavaaain aadi.

4. aavruttivaachak- jaise, duguna, tiguna, dasaguna aadi.

5. samoohavaachak-, jaise, teenon, paaainchon, aathon aadi.

6. pratyek bodhak- jaise, prati, pratyek, harek, ek-ek aadi.

anishchit sankhyaavaachak visheshanon se adhiktar bahutv ka bodh hota hai. jaise-

1. saare aam sad gaye.

2. pustakaalaya mein asankhya pustakein hain.

3. lanka mein anek mahal jal gaye.

4. sunaami mein bahut saare log maare gaye.

nishchit sankhyaavaachak ke antargat aanevaale poornaank bodhak visheshan ke pehle lagbhag ya kareeb aur baad mein ek ya on pratyaya lagaane se anishchit sankhyaavaachak visheshan ho jaata hai. jaise-

1. lagbhag pachaas log aaeainge.

2. kareeb bees roopae chaahiye.

3. sainkadon log maare gaye.

kabhi-kabhi do poornaank bodhak saath mein aakar anishchaya vaachak ban jaate hain. jaise-

1. chaalees-pachaas roopaye chaahiye.

2. kaam mein do-teen ghante lageinge.

parimaanavaachak visheshan

jis visheshan se kisi vastu ki naap-taul ka bodh hota hai, use parimaan-bodhak visheshan kehte hain. jaise-

1. mujhe do meter kapda do.

2. use ek kilo cheeni chaahiye.

3. beemaar ko thoda paani dena chaahiye.

uparyukt vaakyon mein do meter, ek kilo aur thoda paani shabd parimaan-bodhak visheshan hain. parimaan-bodhak visheshan ke do prakaar hain-

• 1. nishchit parimaan-bodhak: jaise, do ser gehooain, paaainch meter kapda, ek liter doodh aadi.
• 2. anishchit parimaan-bodhak: jaise, thoda paani aur adhik kaam, kuchh parishram aadi.

parimaan-bodhak visheshan adhiktar bhaavavaachak, dravyavaachak aur samoohavaachak sanjnyaaaon ke saath aate hain.

saarvanaamik visheshan

jab koi sarvanaam shabd sanjnyaa shabd se pehle aae tatha vah visheshan shabd ki tarah sanjnyaa ki visheshata bataaye, use saarvanaamik visheshan kehte hain. jaise-

1. vah aadmi vyavahaar se kushal hai.

2. kaun chhaatr mera kaam karega.

uparyukt vaakyon mein vah aur kaun shabd saarvanaamik visheshan hain. purooshavaachak aur nijvaachak sarvanaamon ko chhod baaki sabhi sarvanaam sanjnyaa ke saath prayukt hokar saarvanaamik visheshan ban jaate hain. jaise-

1. nishchayavaachak- yeh moorti, ye moortiyaaain, vah moorti, ve moortiyaaain aadi.

2. aऩaishchayavaachak- koi vyakti, koi ladka, kuchh laabh aadi.

3. prashnavaachak- kaun aadmi? kaun laug?, kya kaam?, kya sahaayata? aadi.

4. sanbandhavaachak- jo pustak, jo ladka, jo vastueain aadi.

5 vyaktivaachak visheshan ---- ve visheshan jo sanjnyaa se bankar anya sanjnyaa va sarvanaam ki visheshata bataate hai . jaise- jodhapuri jooti,kaashameeri sev, beekaaneri bhujiye

vyutpatti ki drushti se saarvanaamik visheshan ke do prakaar hain-

1.mool saarvanaamik visheshan aur

2.yaugik saarvanaamik visheshan.

1.mool saarvanaamik visheshan: jo sarvanaam bina kisi roopaantar ke visheshan ke roop mein prayukt hota hai use mool saarvanaamik visheshan kehte hain. jaise-

1. vah ladki vidyaalaya ja rahi hai.

2. koi ladka mera kaam kar de.

3. kuchh vidyaarthi anupasthit hain.

uparyukt vaakyon mein vah, koi aur kuchh shabd mool saarvanaamik visheshan hain.

2.yaugik saarvanaamik visheshan: jo sarvanaam mool sarvanaam mein pratyaya aadi jud jaane se visheshan ke roop mein prayukt hota hai use yaugik saarvanaamik visheshan kehte hain. jaise-

1. aisa aadmi kahaaain milega?

2. kitne roopaye tumhein chaahiye?

3. mujhse itna bojh uthaaya naheen jaata.

uparyukt vaakyon mein aisa, kitne aur itna shabd yaugik saarvanaamik visheshan hain. yaugik saarvanaamik visheshan nimnalikhit saarvanaamik visheshanon se bante hain- yeh se itna, itne, itni, aisa, aisi, aise. vah se utana, utane, utani, vaisa, vaisi, vaise. jo se jitna, jitni, jitne, jaisa, jaisi, jaise. kaun se kitna, kitni, kitne, kaisa, kaisi, kaise.