vinoba bhaave

is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (April 2013)

aachaarya vinoba bhaave (11 sitmbar 1895 - 15 November 1982) Bhaarat ke svatantrata sangraam senaani, saamaajik kaaryakarta tatha prasiddh Gandhivadi neta the. unka mool naam vinaayak narahari bhaave tha. unhe Bhaarat ka raashtreeya aadhyaapak aur mahaatma Gandhi ka aadhyaatamik uttaraadheekaari samjha jaata hai. unhone apne jeevan ke aakhri varsh punaar, Maharashtra ke aashram me gujaare. unhonne bhoodaan aandolan chalaaya. indira Gandhi dvaara ghoshit aapaatakaal ko 'anushaasan parv' kehne ke kaaran ve vivaad me bhi the.

Gandhi aur vinoba

vinoba bhaave ka mool naam vinaayak narahari bhaave tha. Maharashtra ke konkan kshetr mein ek gaanv hai, gaagoda. yahaan ke chitpaavan braahman the, narahari bhaave. ganit ke premi aur vaigyaanik soojhaboojh vaale. rasaayan vigyaan mein unki ruchi thi. un dinon rangon ko baahar se aayaat karna padta tha. narahari bhaave raat-din rangon ki khoj mein lage rahate. bas ek dhun thi unki ki Bhaarat ko is maamale mein aatmanirbhar banaaya ja sake. unki patni rukmini baai vidushi mahila theen. udaar-chitt, aathon yaam bhakti-bhaav mein doobi rahateen. iska asar unke dainik kaarya par bhi padta tha. man kaheen or rama hota to kabhi sabji mein namak kam pad jaata, kabhi jyaada. kabhi daal ke baghaar mein heeng daalna bhool jaateen to kabhi baghaar diye bina hi daal paros di jaati. poora ghar bhakti ras se saraabor rahata tha. isliye in chhoti-moti baaton ki or kisi ka dhyaan hi naheen jaata tha. usi saatvik vaataavaran mein 11 September 1895 ko vinoba ka janm hua. unka bachapan ka naam tha vinaayak. maan unhein pyaar se vinya kehkar bulaateen. vinoba ke alaava rukmini baai ke do aur bete the: vaalkoba aur shivaaji. vinaayak se chhote vaalkoba. shivaaji sabse chhote. vinoba naam Gandhi ji ne diya tha. Maharashtra mein naam ke peechhe 'ba' lagaane ka jo chalan hai, uske anusaar. tukoba, vithoba aur vinoba.

maan ka svabhaav vinaayak ne bhi paaya tha. unka man bhi hamesha adhyaatm chintan mein leen rahata. na unhein khaane-peene ki sudh rahati thi. na svaad ki khaas pehchaan theen. maan jaisa paros deteen, chupachaap kha lete. rukmini baai ka gala bada hi madhur tha. bhajan sunate hue ve usamein doob jaateen. gaateen to bhaav-vibhor hokar, poore vaataavaran mein bhakti-salila pravaahit hone lagti. raamaayan ki chaipaaiyaan ve madhur bhaav se gaateen. aisa lagta jaise maan shaarada gunaguna rahi ho. vinoba ko adhyaatm ke sanskaar dene, unhein bhakti-vedaant ki or le jaane mein, bachapan mein unke man mein sannyaas aur vairaagya ki prerana jagaane mein unki maan rukmini baai ka bada yogadaan tha. baalak vinaayak ko maata-pita donon ke sanskaar mile. ganit ki soojh-boojh aur tark-saamathrya, vigyaan ke prati gahan anuraag, parampara ke prati vaigyaanik drushtikon aur tamaam tarah ke poorvaagrahon se alag hatkar sochane ki kala unhein pita ki or se praapt hui. jabki maan ki or se mile dharm aur sanskruti ke prati gahan anuraag, praaneemaatr ke kalyaan ki bhaavana. jeevan ke prati sakaaraatmak drushtikon, sarvadharm samabhaav, sahaastitv aur sasammaan ki kala. aage chalakar vinoba ko Gandhi ji ka aadhyaatmik uttaraadhikaari maana gaya. aaj bhi kuchh log yahi kehte hain. magar yeh vinoba ke charitra ka ekaangi aur ektarfa vishleshan hai. ve Gandhi ji ke 'aadhyaatmik uttaraadhikaari' se bahut aage, svatantr soch ke svaami the. mukhya baat yeh hai ki Gandhi ji ke prakhar prabhaamandal ke aage unke vyaktitv ka svatantr moolyaankan ho hi naheen paaya.

mahaatma Gandhi raajaneetik jeev the. unki aadhyaatmik chetna subah-shaam ki aarti aur pooja-paath tak seemit thi. jabki unki dharmik-chetna unke raajaneetik kaaryakramon ke anukool aur samanvayaatmak thi. usamein aalochna-sameeksha bhaav ke liye koi sthaan naheen tha. dharm-darshan ke maamale mein yoon to vinoba bhi samarpan aur sveekaarya-bhaav rakhate the. magar unhein jab bhi avsar mila dharm-granthon ki vyaakhya unhonne leek se hatkar ki. chaahe vah 'geeta pravachan' hon ya sant tukaaraam ke abhangon par likhi gayi pustak 'santaprasaad'. isse usamein paryaapt maulikta aur sahajata hai. yeh kaarya vahi kar sakta tha jo kisi ke bhi bauddhik prabhaamandal se mukt ho. ek baat yeh bhi mahaatma Gandhi ke saanndhyi mein aane se pehle hi vinoba aadhyaatmik oonchaai praapt kar chuke the. aashram mein aanane ke baad bhi ve adhyayan-chintan ke liye niyamit samay nikaalate the. vinoba se pehli hi mulaakaat mein prabhaavit hone par Gandhi ji ne sahaj-man se kaha tha—

baaki log to is aashram se kuchh lene ke liye aate hain, ek yahi hai jo hamein kuchh dene ke liye aaya hai.

darshanashaastr unka priya vishay tha. aashram mein daakhil hone ke kuchh mahinon ke bheetar hi darshanashaastr ki aage ki padhaai ke liye unhonne ek varsh ka adhyayan avakaash liya tha.

vinoba ke yoon to do chhote bhaai aur bhi the, magar maan ka sarvaadhik vaatsalya vinaayak ko hi mila. bhaavanaatmak star par vinoba bhi khud ko apne pita ki apeksha maan ke adhik kareeb paate the. yahi haal rukmini baai ka tha, teenon beton mein 'vinya' unke dil ke sarvaadhik kareeb tha. ve bhajan-poojan ko samarpit rahateen. maan ke sanskaaron ka prabhaav. bhautik sukh-suvidhaaon ke prati udaaseenata aur tyaag ki bhaavana kishoraavastha mein hi vinoba ke charitra ka hissa ban chuki thi. ghar ka nirjan kona unhein jyaada sukoon deta. maun unke antarman ko mukhar bana deta. ve ghar mein rahate, parivaar mein sabke beech, magar aise ki sabke saath rahate hue bhi jaise unase alag, nispruh aur nirpeksh hon. naheen to maan ke paas, unke saanndhyi mein. 'vinya' unke dil, unki aadhyaatmik man-rachana ke adhik kareeb tha. man ko koi ulajhan ho to vahi sulajhaane mein madad karta. koi aadhyaatmik samasya ho to bhi vinya hi kaam aata. yahaan tak ki yadi pati narahari bhaave bhi kuchh kahein to usamein vinya ka nirnaya hi mahattvapoorn hota tha. aisa naheen hai ki vinya ekdam mukt ya niyantran se pare tha. parivaar ki aachaar sanhita vinoba par bhi poori tarah laagoo hoti thi. balki vinoba ke bachapan ki ek ghatna hai. rukmini baai ne bachchon ke liye ek niyam banaaya hua tha ki bhojan tulasi ke paughe ko paani dene ke baad hi milega. vinya baahar se khelkar ghar pahunchate, bhookh se aakul-vyaakul. maan ke paas pahunchate hi kehte:

'maan, bhookh lagi hai, roti do.'

'roti taiyaar hai, lekin milegi tab pehle tulasi ko paani pilaao.' maan aadesh deti.

'naheen maan, bahut jor ki bhookh lagi hai.' anunaya karte hue beta maan ki god mein sama jaata. maan ko usapar pyaar ho aata. parantu niyam-anushaasan atala—

'to pehle tulasi ke paudhe ki pyaas bujha.' baalak vinya tulasi ke paudhe ko paani pilaata, fir bhojan paata.

rukmini sone se pehle samarth guru raamadaas ki pustak 'das bodh' ka pratidin adhyayan karateen. uske baad hi ve chaarapaai par jaateen. baalak vinya par is asar padna svaabhaavik hi tha. ve use sant jnyaaaneshvar, tukaaraam, naamadev aur shankaraachaarya ki kathaaen sunaateen. raamaayan, mahaabhaarat ki kahaaniyaan, upanishdon ke tatv gyaan ke baare mein samajhaateen. sannyaas unki bhaavanaaon par savaar rahata. lekin duniya se bhaagane ke bajaay logon se judne par ve jor deteen. sansaar se bhaagane ke bajaay usako badalne ka aagrah karateen. aksar kahateen—'vinya, gruhasthaashram ka bhali-bhaanti paalan karne se pitron ko mukti milti hai.' lekin vinya par to guru raamadaas, sant jnyaaaneshvar aur shankaraachaarya ka bhoot savaar rahata. in sabhi mahaatmaaon ne apni aadhyaatmik trupti ke liye bahut kam aayu mein apne maata-pita aur ghar-parivaar ka bahishkaar kiya tha. ve kahate—

'maan jis tarah samarth guru raamadaas ghar chhodkar chale gaye the, ek din mujhe bhi usi tarah prasthaan kar dena hai.'

aise mein koi aur maan hoti to hil jaati. vichaaramaatr se ro-rokar aasmaan sir par utha leti. kyonki logon ki saamaanya-si pravrutti ban chuki hai ki tyaagi, vairaagi hona achhi baat, mahaanata ki baat, magar tabhi tak jab tyaagi aur vairaagi doosare ke ghar mein hon. apne ghar mein sab saadhaaran saansaarik jeevan jeena chaahate hain. magar rukmini baai to jaise kisi aur hi mitti ki bani theen. ve bade pyaar se bete ko samajhaateen—

'vinya, gruhasthaashram ka vidhivt paalan karne se maata-pita tar jaate hain. magar bruhmacharya ka paalan karne se to 41 peedhiyon ka uddhaar hota hai.'

beta maan ke kahe ko aatmasaat karne ka prayaas kar hi raha hota ki ve aage jod deteen-

'vinya, agar main purush hoti to sikhaati ki vairaagya kya hota hai.'

bachapan mein bahut kushaagr buddhi the vinoba. ganit unka priya vishay tha. kavita aur adhyaatm chetna ke sanskaar maan se mile. unheen se jad aur chetan donon ko samaan drushti se dekhne ka bodh jaaga. maan bahut kam padhi-likhi theen. par unhone ki vinya ko aparigrah, asteya ke baare mein apne aacharan se bataaya. sansaar mein rahate hue bhi usase nispruh-nirlipt rahana sikhaaya. maan ka hi asar tha ki vinya kavita rachate aur aur unhein aag ke havaale kar dete. duniya mein jab sab kuchh asthaai aur kshanabhangur hai, kuchh bhi saath naheen jaana to apni rachana se hi moh kyon paala jaae. unki maan yeh sab dekhateen, sochateen, magar kuchh na kahateen. maano vinya ko bade se bade tyaag ke liye taiyaar kar rahi hon. vinoba ki ganit ki praveenata aur uske tark unke aadhyaatmik vishvaas ke aade naheen aate the. yadi kabhi donon ke beech spardha hoti bhi to jeet aadhyaatmik vishvaas ki hi hoti. aaj ve ghatnaaen maan-bete ke aapasi sneh-anuraag aur vishvaas ka aitihaasik dastaavej hain.

rukmini baai har maheene chaaval ke ek lakh daane daan karti theen. ek lakh ki ginti karna bhi aasaan na tha, so ve poore maheene ek-ek chaaval ginti rahateen. narahari bhaave patni ko chaaval ginte mein shram karte dekh muskaraate. kam umr mein hi aankh kamjor pad jaane se dar sataane lagta. unki ganit buddhi kuchh aur hi kehti. so ek din unhonne rukmini baai ko tok hi diyaa—'is tarah ek-ek chaaval ginne mein samay jaaya karne ki jaroorat hi kya hai. ek paav chaaval lo. unki ginti kar lo. fir usi se ek lakh chaavalon ka vajan nikaalkar taul lo. kami na rahe, isliye ekaadh mutthi oopar se daal lo.' baat tark ki thi. laukik samajhadaari bhi isi mein thi ki jab bhi sambhav ho, doosare jaroori kaaryon ke liye samay ki bachat ki jaae. rukmini baai ko pati ka tark samajh to aata. par man na maanata. ek din unhonne apni duvidha vinya ke saamane prakat karne ke baad poochhaa—

'is baare mein tera kya kehna hai, vinya?'

bete ne sabkuchh suna, socha. bola, 'maan, pita ji ke tark mein dam hai. ganit yahi kehta hai. kintu daan ke liye chaaval ginna sirf ginti karna naheen hai. ginti karte samay har chaaval ke saath ham na keval ishvar ka naam lete jaate hain, balki hamaara man bhi usi se juda rahata hai.' ishvar ke naam par daan ke liye chaaval ginna bhi ek saadhana hai, rukmini baai ne aisa pehle kahaan socha tha. adhyaatmaras mein poori tarah doobi rahane waali rukmini baai ko 'vinya' ki baatein khoob bhaateen. bete par garv ho aata tha unhein. unhonne aage bhi chaavalon ki ginti karna na chhoda. na hi is kaam se unke man kabhi nirrthakata bodh jaaga.

aiesi hi ek aur ghatna hai. jo darshaati hai ki vinoba kori ganiteeya gananaaon mein aadhyaatmik tatv kaise khoj lete the. ghatna us samay ki hai jab ve Gandhi ji ke aashram mein pravesh kar chuke the tatha unke rachanaatmak kaaryon mein badh-chadhkar hissa le rahe the. aashram mein subah-shaam praarthana sabhaaen hoteen. unamein upasthit hone vaale aashramavaasiyon ki niyamit ginti ki jaati. yeh jimmedaari ek kaaryakarta thi. prasang yeh hai ki ek din praarthana sabha ke baad jab us kaaryakarta ne praarthana mein upasthit hue aagantukon ki sankhya bataai to vinoba jhat se prativaad karte hue bole—

'naheen isse ek kam thi.'

kaaryakarta ko apni ginti par vishvaas tha, isliye vah bhi apni baat par ad gaya. karm mane vishvaas rakhane vaale vinoba aamtaur par bahas mein padne se bachate the. magar us din ve bhi apni baat par ad gaye. aashram mein vivaadon ka niptaan Bapu ki adaalat mein hota tha. Gandhi ji ko apne kaaryakarta par vishvaas tha. magar jaante the ki vinoba yoon hi bahas mein naheen padne vaale. vaastavikta jaanane ke liye unhonne vinoba ki or dekha. tab vinoba ne kahaa—'praarthana mein sammilit shraddhaaluon ki sankhya jitni inhonne bataai usase ek kam hi thi.' 'vah kaise?' 'isliye ki ek aadmi ka to poora dhyaan vahaan upasthit sajjanon ki ginti karne mein laga tha.' Gandhiji vinoba ka tark samajh gaye. praarthana ke kaam mein hisaab-kitaab aur dikhaave ki jaroorat hi kya. aage se praarthana sabha mein aae logon ki ginti ka kaam rok diya gaya. yuvaavastha ke praarambhik daur mein hi vinoba aajanm brahmachaari rahane ki thaan chuke the. vahi mahaapurush unke aadarsh the jinhonne satya ki khoj ke liye bachapan mein hi vairaagya odh liya tha. aur jab sannyaas dhaaran kar brahmachaari banana hai, gruhasth jeevan se naata hi todna hai to kyon na man ko usi ke anuroop taiyaar kiya jaae. kyon ulajha jaae sambandhon ki meethi dor, saansaarik pralobhanon mein. brahmacharya ki to pehli shart yahi hai ki man ko bhatakne se roka jaae. vaasanaaon par niyantran rahe. kishor vinaayak se kisi ne kah diya tha ki brahmachaari ko kisi vivaah ke bhoj mein sammilit naheen hona chaahiye. ve aise kaaryakramon mein jaane se aksar bachate bhi the. pita narahari bhaave to the hi, yadi kisi aur ko hi jaana hua to chhote bhaai chale jaate. vinoba ka tan durbal tha. bachapan se hi koi na koi vyaadhi lagi rahati. magar man-mastishk poori tarah chaitanya. maano shareer ki saari shaktiyaan simtakar dimaag mein sama gayi haane. smruti vilkshan thi. kishor vinaayak ne ved, upanishd ke saath-saath sant jnyaaaneshvar, tukaaraam, naamadev ke saikadon pad achhi tarah yaad kar liye the. geeta unhein bachapan se hi kanthasth thi. aage chalakar chaalees hajaar shlok bhi unke maanas mein achhi tarah ram gaye.

vinaayak ki badi bahan ka vivaah tay hua to maano pareeksha ki ghadi bhi kareeb aa gayi. unhonne tay kar liya ki vivaah ke avsar par bhoj se door raheinge. koi toka-taaki na kare, isliye unhonne us din upavaas rakhane ki ghoshana kar di. bahan ke vivaah mein bhaai upavaas rakhe, yeh bhi uchit na tha. pita to sunate hi naaraaj ho gaye. magar maan ne baat sanbhaal li. unhonne bete ko saadhaaran 'daal-bhaat' khaane ke liye raaji kar liya. yahi naheen apne haathon se alag pakaakar bhi diya. dhoom-dhaam se vivaah hua. vinaayak ne khushi-khushi usamein hissa liya. lekin apne liye maan dvaara khaas taur par banaae daal-bhaat se hi gujaara kiya. maan-bete ka yeh prem aage bhi bana raha. aage chalakar jab sannyaas ke liye ghar chhoda to maan ki ek laal kinaari waali dhoti aur unke poojaaghar se ek mooti saath le gaye. moorti to unhonne doosare ko bheint kar di thi. magar maan ki dhoti jahaan bhi ve jaate, apne saath rakhate. sote to sirhaane rakhakar. jaise maan ka aasheervaad saath liye firte hon. sannyaasi man bhi maan ki smrutiyon se peechha naheen chhuta paaya tha. maan ke sanskaar hi vinoba ki aadhyaatmik chetna ki neenv bane. unheen par unka jeevanadarshan viksit hua. aage chalakar unhonne rachanaatmakata aur adhyaatm ke kshetr mein jo khyaati arjit ki uske mool mein bhi maan ki hi preranaaen theen.

rukmini baai kam padhi-likheen theen. sanskrut samajh naheen aati theen. lekin man tha ki geeta-gyaan ke liye tarasata rahata. ek din maan ne apni kathinaai putr ke samaksh rakh hi dee—

'vinya, sanskrut ki geeta samajh mein naheen aati.' vinoba jab agali baar baajaar gaye, geeta ke teen-chaar maraathi anuvaad khareed laae. lekin unamein bhi anuvaadak ne apna paanditya pradarshan kiya tha.

'maan baajaar mein yahi anuvaad mile.' vinya ne samasya bataai. aise bojhil aur ubaaoo anuvaad apni alpashikshit maan ke haath mein thamaate hue ve swayam du:khi the.

'to too naheen kyon naheen karta naya anuvaad.' maan ne jaise chunauti pesh ki. vinoba uske liye poori tarah taiyaar naheen the.

'main, kya main kar sakoonga?' vinoba ne hairaani jataai. us samay unki avastha maatr 21 varsh thi. par maan ko bete ki kshamata par poora vishvaas tha.

'too karega...too kar sakega vinya!' maan ke munh se barabas nikal pada. maano aasheervaad de rahi ho. geeta ke prati vinoba ka gahan anuraag pehle bhi tha. parantu usaka ve bhaasya likheinge aur vah bhi maraathi mein yeh unhonne kabhi naheen socha tha. lekin maan ki ichha bhi unke liye sarvopari thi. dheere-dheere unka aatmavishvaas badhta gaya. geeta pehle bhi unhein bhaati thi. ab to jaise har aati-jaati saans geeta ka paath karne lagi. saans-saans geeta ho gaya. yeh sochakar ki maan me nimitt kaam karna hai. daayitvabhaar saadhana hai. vinoba ka man geeta ho gaya. usi saal 7 October ko unhonne anuvaadakarm ke nimitt kalam uthaai. uske baad to praat:kaal snaanaadi ke baad rot anuvaad karna, unki dincharya ka hissa ban gaya. yeh kaam 1931 tak chala. parantu jiske liye vah sankalp saadha tha, vah us upalabdhi ko dekh sakeen. maan rukmini baai ka nidhan 24 October 1918 ko hi ho chuka tha. vinoba ne ise bhi ishvar ichha maana aur anuvaadakaarya mein lage rahe.

vinoba dhaarmik sanskaaron mein paakhand ke virodhi the. maan ke nidhan ke samay bhi vinoba ka apne pita aur bhaaiyon se matabhed hua. vinoba braahmanon ke haath se paramparaagat tareeke se daah-sanskaar ka virodh kar rahe the. lekin parivaar vaalon ki jid ke aage unki ek na chali. vinoba bhi apne siddhaanton par adig the. nateeja yeh ki jis maan ko ve sabse adhik chaahate the, jo unki aadhyaatmik guru theen, unke antim sanskaar se ve door hi rahe. maan ko unhonne bheegi aankhon se maun vidaai di. aage chalakar 29 October 1947 ko vinoba ke pita ka nidhan hua to unhonne vedon ke nirdesh ki 'mitti par mitti ka hi adhikaar hai' ka paalan karte hue unki deh ko agni-samarpit karne ke bajaay, mitti mein dabaane jor diya. tab tak vinoba sant vinoba ho chuke the. Gandhi ji ka unhein aasheervaad tha. isliye is baar unheen ki chali.

maan ki geeta mein aastha thi. ve vinoba ko geeta ka maraathi mein anuvaad karne ka daayitv saunpakar gayi theen. vinoba us kaarya mein manoyog se lage the. aakhir anuvaad karm poora hua. pustak ka naam rakha gaya- geetaai. geetaa+I = geetaai. Maharashtra mein 'I' ka abhipraaya 'maan ke prati' se hai; yaani maan ki smruti uske neh se judi-rachi geeta. putr ki kruti ko dekhne ke liye to rukmini baai jeevit naheen theen. magar unki yaad aur abhilaasha se judi geetaai, Maharashtra ke ghar-ghar mein maataaon aur bahanon ke kanth-svar mein dhalane lagi. unki adhyaatm chetna ka aabhooshan ban gayi. Gandhi ji ne suna to anuvaad karm ki bhoori-bhoori prashansa ki. jo mahilaaen sanskrut naheen jaanti theen, jinhein apni bhaasha ka bhi aadha-adhoora gyaan tha, unke liye sahaj-saral bhaasha mein rachi gayi 'geetaai', geeta ki aadhyaatmikta mein doobne ke liye varadaan ban gayi.

vinoba ko bachapan mein maan se mile sanskaar yuvaavastha mein aur bhi gaadhe hote chale gaye. yuvaavastha ki or badhte hue vinoba na to sant jnyaaaneshvar ko bhula paae the, na tukaaraam ko. vahi unke aadarsh the. sant tukaaraam ke abhang to ve bade hi manoyog se gaate. unka apne aaraadhya se ladna-jhagadna, naaraaj hokar gaali dena, roothana-manaana unhein bahut achha lagta. sant raamadaas ka jeevan bhi unhein prerana deta. ve na shankaraachaarya ko vismrut kar paae the, na unke sannyaas ko. darshan unka priya vishay tha. himaalaya jab se hosh sambhaala tha, tabhi se unki sapanon mein aata tha aur ve kalpana mein swayam ko satya ki khoj mein gahan kandaraaon mein tap-saadhana karte hue paate. vahaan ki nirjan, varf se dhaki deergh-gahan kandaraaon mein unhein paramasatya ki khoj mein leen ho jaane ke liye ukasaateen.

1915 mein unhonne haai school ki pareeksha paas ki. ab aage kya padha jaae. vaigyaanik pravrutti ke pita aur adhyaatm mein doobi rahane waali maan ka vaichaarik dvandv vahaan bhi alag-alag dhaaraaon mein prakat hua. pita ne kahaaµ'French padho.' maan boleen—'braahman ka beta sanskrut na padhe, yeh kaise sambhav hai!' vinoba ne un donon ka man rakha. intar mein French ko chuna. sanskrut ka adhyayan unhonne niji star par jaari rakha. un dinon French gyaan-vigyaan ke kshetr mein ho rahi kraanti ki bhaasha thi. saara parivrtanakaami saahitya usamein racha ja raha tha. doosari or Baroda ka pustakaalaya durlabh pustakon, paandulipiyon ke khajaane ke liye poore desh mein prasiddh tha. vinoba ne us pustakaalaya ko apna doosra thikaana bana diya. vidyaalaya se jaise hi chhutti milti, ve pustakaalaya mein jaakar adhyayan mein doob jaate. fraansisi saahitya ne vinoba ka parichay pashchimi deshon mein ho rahi vaichaarik kraanti se karaaya. sanskrut ke gyaan ne unhein vedon aur upanishdon mein gaharaai se paithane ki yogyata di. gyaan ka star badha, to usaki lalak bhi badhi. magar man se himaalaya ka aakarshan, sannyaas ki saadh, vairaagyabodh na gaya.

un dinon intar ki pareeksha ke liye Mumbai jaana padta tha. vinoba bhi tay kaaryakram ke anusaar 25 March 1916 ko Mumbai jaane waali relagaadi mein savaar hue. us samay unka man daavaandol tha. poora vishvaas tha ki haaiskool ki tarah intar ki pareeksha bhi paas kar hi leinge. magar uske baad kya? kya yahi unke jeevan ka lakshya hai? vinoba ko lag raha tha ki apne jeevan mein ve jo chaahate hain, vah aupachaarik adhyayan dvaara sambhav naheen. vidyaalaya ke pramaanapatr aur kaalij ki digriyaan unka abheeshth naheen hain. relagaadi apni gati se bhaag rahi thi. usase sahasr guna tej bhaag raha tha vinoba ka man. aakhir jeet man ki hui. jaise hi gaadi soorat pahunchi, vinoba usase neeche utar aae. gaadi aage badhi par vinoba ka man doosari or khinchata chala gaya. doosare platform par poorv ki or jaane waali relagaadi maujood thi. vinoba ko laga ki himaalaya ek baar fir unhein aamantrit kar raha hai. gruhasth jeevan ya sannyaas. man mein kuchh der tak sangharsh chala. oohaapoh se gujarte hue unhonne unhonne nirnaya liya aur usi gaadi mein savaar ho gaye. sannyaasi apni pasandeeda yaatra par nikal pada. is hakeekat se anajaan ki is baar bhi jis yaatra ke liye ve thaan kar nikle hain, vah unki asli yaatra naheen, sirf ek padaav hai. jeevan se palaayan unki niyti naheen. unhein to laakhon-karodon bhaarateeyon ke jeevan ki saadh, unke liye ek ummeed bankar ubharana hai.

brahm ki khoj, satya ki khoj, sannyaas lene ki saadh mein vinoba bhatak rahe the. usi lakshya ke saath unhonne ghar chhoda tha. himaalaya ki or yaatra jaari thi. beech mein kaashi ka padaav aaya. mithkon ke anusaar Bhagwan shankar ki nagari. hajaaron varshon tak dharm-darshan ka kendra rahi kaashi. saadhu-santon aur vichaarakon ka Kumbh. jijnyaaasuon aur gyaan-pipaasuon ko apni or aakarshit karne waali pavitra dharmasthali. shankaraachaarya tak khud ko kaashi-yaatra ke pralobhan se naheen rok paae the. kaashi ke ganga ghaat par jahaan nae vichaar panape to vitanda bhi anginat rache jaate rahe. usi ganga tat par vinoba bhatak rahe the. apne liye manjil ki talaash mein. guru ki talaash mein jo unhein aage ka raasta dikha sake. jis lakshya ke liye unhonne ghar chhoda tha, us lakshya tak pahunchane ka maarg bata sake. bhatakate hue ve ek sthaan par pahunche jahaan kuchh satya-saadhak shaastraarth kar rahe the. vishay tha advait aur dvait mein kaun sahi. prashn kaafi puraana tha. lagbhag baarah sau varsh pehle bhi is par nirnaayak bahas ho chuki thi. shankaraachaarya aur mandan mishr ke beech. us aitihaasik bahas mein dvaitavaadi mandan mishr aur unki patni ko shankaraachaarya ne paraajit kiya tha. vahi vishay fir un satya-saadhakon ke beech aa fansa tha. ya kaho ki vakt kaatne ke liye donon paksh apne-apne tarkon ke saath vitanda rach rahe the. aur fir bahas ko samaapan ki or le jaate hue achaanak ghoshana kar di gayi ki advaitavaadi ki jeet hui hai. vinoba chainke. unki hansi chhoot gayi—

'naheen, advaitavaadi hi haara hai.' vinoba ke munh se besaakhta nikal pada. sab unki or dekhne lage. ek yuva, jiski umr bees-ikees varsh ki rahi hogi, diggaj vidvaanon ke nirnaya ko chunauti de raha tha. us samay yadi mahaan advaitavaadi shankaraachaarya ka smaran na raha hota to ve log jaroor naaraaj ho jaate. unhein yaad aaya, jis samay shankaraachaarya ne mandanamishr ko paraajit kiya, us samay unki umr bhi lagbhag vahi thi, jo us samay vinoba ki thi.

'yeh tum kaise kah sakte ho, jabki dvaitavaadi sabke saamane apni paraajaya sveekaar kar chuka hai.'

'naheen yeh advaitavaadi ki hi paraajaya hai.' vinoba apne nirnaya par drudh the.

'kaise?'

'jab koi advaitavaadi dvaitavaadi se shaastraarth karna sveekaar kar le, to samajho ki usane pehle hi haar maan li hai.' us samay vinoba ke man mein avashya hi shankaraachaarya ki chhavi rahi hogi. unki baat bhi theek thi. jis advaitamat ka pratipaadan baarah sau varsh pehle shankaraachaarya mandanamishr ko paraajit karke kar chuke the, usaki praamaanikta par pun: shaastraarth aur vah bhi bina kisi thos aadhaar ke. sirf vitanda ke yeh aur kya ho sakta hai! vahaan upasthit vidvaanon ko vinoba ki baat sahi lagi. kuchh saadhu vinaayak ko apne sangh mein shaamil karne ko taiyaar ho gaye. kuchh to unhein apna guru banaane tak ko taiyaar the. par jo swayam bhatak raha ho, jo khud guru ki khoj mein, need ki talaash mein nikla ho, vah doosare ko chhaaya kya dega! apni jijnyaaasa aur asantosh ko liye vinoba vahaan se aage badh gaye. is baat se anajaan ki kaashi hi unhein aage ka raasta dikhaaegi aur unhein us raaste par le jaaegi, jidhr jaane ke baare unhonne abhi tak socha bhi naheen hai. magar jo unki vaastavik manjil hai.

Gandhi aur vinoba

ek or vinoba sannyaas ki saadh mein, satyaanveshan ki lalak liye kaashi ki galiyon mein, ghaaton par bhatak rahe the. vaheen doosari or ek aur jijnyaaasu Bhaarat ko jaanane, uske hrudayapradesh ki dhadkanon ko pahachaanane, usase aatmeeyata bhara rishta kaayam karne ke liye Bhaarat-bhraman par nikla hua hua tha. vah kuchh hi maheene pehle dakshin Africa se beshumaar khyaati batorkar lauta tha. aage usaki yojana bhaarateeya raajaneeti mein dakhal dene ki thi. us saadhak ka naam tha—amohanadaas karamachand Gandhi. apne raajaneetik guru govind ballabh pant ke kehne par vah Bhaarat ki aatma ko jaanane ke uddeshya se ek varsh ke Bhaarat-bhraman par nikla hua tha. aage chalakar bhaarateeya raajaneeti par chha jaane, karodon bhaarateeyon ke dil ki dhadkan, bhaarateeya svaadheenata aandolan ka pramukh sootradhaar, ahinsak senaani ban jaane vaale Gandhi un dinon aprasiddh hi the. 'mahaatma' ki upaadhi bhi unase door thi. sirf dakshin Africa mein chhede gaye aandolan ki poonji hi unke saath thi. usi ke kaaran ve poore Bhaarat mein jaane jaate the. un dinon unka padaav bhi kaashi hi tha. maano do mahaan aatmaaon ko milvaane ke liye samay apna jaadui khel rach raha tha.

kaashi mein mahaamana madan mohan maalaveeya dvaara sthaapit hindu vishvavidyaalaya mein ek bada jalasa ho raha tha. 4 fravari 1916, jalase mein raaje-mahaaraaje, nabaav, saamant sab apni poori dhaj ke saath upasthit the. sammelan ki chhata dekhte hi banti thi. us sammelan mein Gandhi ji ne aitihaasik bhaashan diya. vah kaha jiski us samay koi ummeed naheen kar sakta tha. vakt padne par jin raaja-saamanton ki khushaamad swayam angrej bhi karte the, jinke daan par kaashi vishvavidyaalaya aur doosari anya sansthaaen chala karti theen, un raaja-saamanton ki khuli aalochna karte hue Gandhi ji ne kaha ki apne dhan ka sadupayog raashtranirmaan ke liye karein. usako gareebon ke kalyaan mein lagaaen. unhonne aavaahn kiya ki ve vyaapak lokahit mein apne saare aabhooshan daan kar dein. vah ek kraantikaari appeal thi. sabha mein khalabali mach gayi. par Gandhi ki muskaan usi tarah bani rahi. agale din us sammelan ki khabaron se akhbaar range pade the. vinoba ne samaachaarapatr ke maadhyam se hi Gandhi ji ke baare mein jaana. aur unhein laga ki jis lakshya ki khoj mein ve ghar se nikle hain, vah poori hui. vinoba kori shaanti ki talaash mein hi ghar se naheen nikle the. na ve desh ke haalaat aur angrejon dvaara kiye ja rahe amaanaveeya atyaachaaron se aparichit the. magar koi raah mil hi naheen rahi thi. bhaashan padhkar unhein laga ki is vyakti ke paas shaanti bhi hai aur kraanti bhi. unhonne vaheen se Gandhi ji ke naam patra likha. javaab aaya. Gandhi ji ke aamantran ke saath. vinoba to usaki prateeksha kar hi rahe the. ve turant Ahmedabad sthit kocharb aashram ki or prasthaan kar gaye, jahaan Gandhi ji ka aashram tha.

7 June 1916 ko vinoba ki Gandhi se pehli bhant hui. uske baad to vinoba Gandhi ji ke hi hokar rah gaye. Gandhi ji ne bhi vinoba ki pratibha ko pehchaan liya tha. isliye pehli mulaakaat ke baad hi unki tippani thi ki adhikaansh log yahaan se kuchh lene ke liye aate hain, yeh pehla vyakti hai, jo kuchh dene ke liye aaya hai.' kaafi din baad apni pehli bheint ko yaad karte hue vinoba ne kaha tha—

jin dinon mein kaashi mein tha, meri pehli abhilaasha himaalaya ki kandaraaon mein jaakar tap-saadhana karne ki thi. doosari abhilaasha thi, Bengal ke kraantikaariyon se bheint karne ki. lekin inmein se ek bhi abhilaasha poori na ho saki. samay mujhe Gandhi ji tak le gaya. vahaan jaakar mainne paaya ki unke vyaktitv mein himaalaya jaisi shaanti hai to Bengal ki kraanti ki dhadhak bhi. mainne chhootate hi swayam se kaha tha, mere donon ichhaaen poori huin.

Gandhi aur vinoba ki vah mulaakaat kraantikaari thi. Gandhi ji ko jaise hi pata chala ki vinoba apne maata-pita ko bina bataae aae hain, unhonne vaheen se vinoba ke pita ke naam ek patra likha ki vinoba unke saath surakshit hain. uske baad unke sambandh lagaataar pragaadh hote chale gaye. vinoba ne khud ko Gandhi ji ke aashram ke liye samarpit kar diya. adhyayan, adhyaapan, kataai, kheti ke kaam se lekar saamudaayik jeevan tak aashram ki har gatividhi mein ve aage rahate. Gandhi ji ka yeh kehna ki yeh yuvak aashramavaasiyon se kuchh lene naheen balki dene aaya hai, satya hota ja raha tha. umr se ekdam yuva vinoba unhein anushaasan aur kartavyaparaayanata ka paath to padha hi rahe the. Gandhi ji ka prabhaav teji se badh raha tha. utani hi teji se badh rahi aashram mein aane vaale kaaryakartaaon ki sankhya. kocharab aashram chhota padne laga to Ahmedabad mein saabaramati ke kinaare nae aashram ka kaam teji se hone laga. lekin aajaadi ke ahinsak sainik taiyaar karne ka kaam akele saabaramati aashram se bhi sambhav bhi na tha. Gandhi vaisa hi aashram vardha mein bhi chaahate the. vahaan par aise anushaasit kaaryakarta ki aavashyakta thi, jo aashram ko Gandhi ji ke aadarshon ke anuroop chala sake. iske liye vinoba sarvatha anukool paatr the aur Gandhi ji ke vishvasaneeya bhi. 8 April 1923 ko vinoba vardha ke liye prasthaan kar gaye. vahaan unhonne 'Maharashtra dharm' maasik ka sanpaadan shuroo kiya. maraathi mein prakaashit hone waali is patrika mein vinoba ne niyamit roop se upanishdon aur Maharashtra ke santon par likhna aarambh kar diya, jinke kaaran desh mein bhakti aandolan ki shuruaat hui thi. patrika ko apratyaashit lokapriyta praapt hui, kuchh hi samay pashchaat usako saaptaahik kar dena pada vinoba abhi tak Gandhi ji ke shishya aur satyaagrahi ke roop mein jaane jaate the. patrika ke maadhyam se janta unki aadhyaatmik paith ko jaanane lagi thi.

beesiyon bhaashaaon ke jnyaaata vinoba ji devanaagari ko vishv lipi ke roop mein dekhna chaahate the. Bhaarat ke liye ve devanaagari ko sampark lipi ke roop mein viksit karne ke pakshadhar the. ve kehte the ki main nahi kehta ki naagari hi chale, balki main chaahata hoon ki naagari bhi chale. unke hi vichaaron se prerana lekar naagari lipi sangam ki sthaapana ki gayi hai jo Bhaarat ke andar aur Bhaarat ke baahar devanaagari ko upayog aur prasaar karne ke liye kaarya karti hai.

vistrut jaankaari ke liye naagari evam bhaarateeya bhaashaaeain padhein.

vinobaaji sadev saamaajik aur rachanaatmak kaaryakarta rahe. svatantrata ke poorv gaandhiji ke rachaanaatmk kaaryon mein sakriya roop se yogadaan dete rahe. kaaryadhikya se unka svaasthya girne laga, unhein kisi pahaadi sthaan par jaane ki daaktar ne salaah di. at: 1937 i0 mein vinoba bhaave pavanaar aashram mein gaye. tab se lekar jeevan paryant unke rachanaatmak kaaryon ko praarambh karne ka yahi kendreeya sthaan raha.

rachaanaatmk kaaryon ke atiritk ve mahaan svatantrata senaani bhi the. Nagpur jhanda satyaagrah mein ve bandi banaaye gaye. 1937 mein gaandhiji jab London ki golamej conference se khaali haath lote to Jalgaon mein vinoba bhaave ne ek sabha mein angrejon ki aalochna ki to unhein bandi banaakar chhah maah ki saja di gayi. kaaraagaar se mukt hone ke baad gaandhiji ne unhein pahela satyaagrahi banaaya. 17 October 1940 ko vinoba bhaaveji ne satyaagrah kiya aur ve bandi banaaye gaye tatha unhein 3 varsh ke liye sashram kaaraavaas ka dand mila. gaandhiji ne 1942 ko Bhaarat chhoda aandolan karne se poorv vinobaaji se paraamarsh liya tha.

• bhoodaan
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• jayaprakaash Narayan

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