vigyaan
 |
is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (June 2015) |
vigyaan vah vyavasthit gyaan ya vidya hai jo vichaar, avlokan, adhyayan aur prayog se milti hai, jo ki kisi adhyayan ke vishay ki prakruti ya siddhaanton ko jaanane ke liye kiye jaate hain. vigyaan shabd ka prayog gyaan ki aisi shaakha ke liye bhi karte hain, jo tathya, siddhaant aur tareekon ko prayog aur parikalpana se sthaapit aur vyavasthit karti hai. is prakaar kah sakte hain ki kisi bhi vishay ka kramabaddh gyaan ko vigyaan kah sakte hai. aisa kaha jaata hai ki vigyaan ke 'gyaan-bhandaar' ke bajaay vaigyaanik vidhi vigyaan ki asli kasauti hai.
anukram
praakrutik vigyaan
praakrutik vigyaan prakruti aur bhautik duniya ka vyavasthit gyaan hota hai, ya fir iska adhyayan karne waali iski koi shaakha. asal mein vigyaan shabd ka upayog lagbhag hamesha praakrutik vijnyaaanon ke liye hi kiya jaata hai. iski teen mukhya shaakhaaeain hain : bhautiki, rasaayan shaastr aur jeev vigyaan.
saamaajik vigyaan
saamaajik vigyaan maanav samaaj ki banaavat aur iske sadasyon ke kriyaakalaapon se sambandhit adhyayan hai. ismein itihaas, arthashaastr, samaajashaastr, vagairah shaamil hain.
nigmanaatmak pranaali
nigmanaatmak pranaali kuchh aisi vidyaaon ka samooh hai jo darshan aur vigyaan ke vishyon par tark aur ganana ke siddhaant ka anuprayog karte hain. ismein ganit aur tark shaamil hain.
praay: saamaajik vigyaan aur nigmanaatmak pranaaliyon ko vigyaan naheen maana jaata.
vigyaan ki pramukh shaakhaaeain evam adhyayan–vishya
| shaakha | adhyayan ka vishay |
|---|---|
| antariksh vigyaan | antariksh yaatra evam sambandhit vishay |
| matsyavijnyaaan | machhaliyaan evam sambandhit vishay |
| asthi vigyaan (aastiyolauji) | athiyon (haddiyon) ka adhyayan |
| paksheevijnyaaan (aarnintholauji) | pakshiyon se sambandhit vishay |
| prakaashiki (optiks) | prakaash ka gun evam usaki sanrachana |
| paristhitivijnyaaan (ikolauji) | paristhitiki ka adhyayan |
| ikkraainolauji | gupt soochanaaen evam sambandhit vishay |
| shareer-rachana vigyaan (enaataumi) | maanav-shareer ki sanrachana |
| eyaronautiks | vimaanon ki udaan |
| khagoliki (estronaumi) | taaron evam grahon se sambandhit vishay tatha aakaasheeya pindon ka adhyayan |
| egrolauji | bhoomi (mitaati) ka adhyayan |
| keetavijnyaaan (entomolauji) | keet evam sambandhit vishay |
| ereknolauji | makade evam sambandhit vishay |
| bhroonavijnyaaan (embraayolauji) | bhran evam sambandhit vishay |
| samudra vigyaan | samudra se sambandhit vishay |
| brahmaandavidya | bramhaand ka adhyayan |
| beej-lekhan | gupt lekhan athva goodh lipi |
| stri-rog vigyaan | maadaaon ke prajanan angon ka adhyayan |
| bhoovijnyaaan | pruthvi ki aantariksh sanrachana |
| ratn vigyaan | ratnon ka adhyayan |
| viroopataavijnyaaan (teraatolauji) | taayoomar ka adhyayan |
| taiktolauji | pashu – shareer ka rachanaatmak sanghatan |
| tvachaavijnyaaan (darmetolauji) | tvacha evam sambandhit rogon ka adhyayan |
| dendrolauji | vrukshon ka adhyayan |
| dektaailauji | ankon (sankhyaao) ka adhyayan |
| tantrikaavijnyaaan (nyoorolauji) | naadi spandan evam sambandhit vishay |
| mudraavijnyaaan (nyoomismetiks) | mudra – nirmaan evam ankan |
| rogavijnyaaan (paitholauji) | rogon ke kaaran evam sambandhit vishay |
| jeevaashimki (pailiontolauji) | jeevaashm evam sambandhit vishay |
| parajeeveevijnyaaan (pairaasaaitolauji) | parajeevi vanaspatiyaan evam jeevaanu |
| faayanolauji | jeev-jantuon ka jaateeya vikaas |
| braayofaaita-vigyaan (braayolauji) | daladal evam keechad ka adhyayan |
| bailaniyolauji | khanij nishkaasan evam sambandhit vishay |
| jeevavijnyaaan (baayalauji) | jeevadhaariyon ka shaareerik adhyayan |
| vanaspati vigyaan | paudhon ka adhyayan |
| jeevaanu-vigyaan (baikteeriyolauji) | jeevaanuon se sambandhit vishay |
| maarafolauji | jeev evam bhautik jagat ki aakaariki ka adhyayan |
| khanijvijnyaaan (mineraalauji) | khanijon ka adhyayan |
| mausam vigyaan (meterolauji) | vaataavaran evam sambandhit vishay |
| maaikrolauji | fafoond evam sambandhit vishay |
| maayolauji | maans-peshiyon ka adhyayan |
| vikirnajaiviki (rediyobaayolauji) | jeev-jantuon par saur vikirn ka prabhaav |
| shail lakshan (litholauji) | chattaanon evam pattharo se sambandhit vishay |
| limnolauji | jheelon evam sthaleeya jal bhaagon ka adhyayan |
| seeramavijnyaaan (seerolauji) | rakt seeram evam rakt aadhaan se sambandhit |
| spalaiknolauji | shareer ke aantarik ang evam sambandhit |
| antariksh jeevavijnyaaan (space baayaloji) | pruthvi se pare antariksh mein jeevan ki sambhaavana ka adhyayan |
| rudhirvijnyaaan (heemetolauji) | rakt evam sambandhit vishyon ka adhyayan |
| heliyolauji | soorya ka adhyayan |
| ubhayasrupavijnyaaan (harapetolauji) | sareesrupon ka adhyayan |
| ootakavijnyaaan (histolauji) | shareer ke ootak evam sambandhit vishay |
| hipnolauji | nidra evam sambandhit vishyon ka adhyayan |
vigyaan vigyaan ka arth hai vishesh gyaan. manushya ne apni aavashyakataaon ke liye jo nae-nae aavishkaar kiye hain, ve sab vigyaan ki hi den hain. aaj ka yug vigyaan ka yug hai. vigyaan ke anginat aavishkaaron ke kaaran manushya ka jeevan pehle se adhik aaraamadaayak ho gaya hai.
mobile, Internet, imels, mobile par 3ji aur Internet ke maadhyam se Facebook, tvintar ne to vaakai manushya ki jindagi ko badalkar hi rakh diya hai. jitni jaldi vah soch sakta hai lagbhag utani hi der mein jis vyakti ko chaahe maisej bhej sakta hai, usase baatein kar sakta hai. chaahe vah duniya ke kisi bhi kone mein kyon na ho.
yaataayaat ke saadhanon se aaj yaatra karna adhik suvidhaajanak ho gaya hai. aaj maheenon ki yaatra dinon mein tatha dinon ki yaatra chand ghanton mein poori ho jaati hai. itne drutagati ki trainein, havaai jahaaj yaataayaat ke roop mein kaam mein laae ja rahe hain. din-b-din inki gati aur upalabdhata mein aur sudhaar ho raha hai.
chikitsa ke kshetr mein bhi vigyaan ne hamaare liye bahut suvidhaaen jutaai hain. aaj kai asaadhya beemaariyon ka ilaaj maamooli goliyon se ho jaata hai. Cancer aur edsas jaise beemaariyon ke liye dauktars aur chikitsaavisheshajnya lagaataar prayaasarat hain. nai-nai koshikaaon ke nirmaan mein bhi safalta praapt kar li gayi hai.
sikke ke do pahaluon ki hi bhaanti in aavishkaaron ke laabh-haani donon hain. ek or parmaanu oorja jahaan bijli utpann karne ke kaam mein laai ja sakti hai. vaheen isse banane vaale parmaanu hathiyaar maanav ke liye atyant vinaashakaari hain. haal hi mein Japan mein aae bhookamp ke baad vahaan ke parmaanu riyektars ko kshati bahut badi traasadi rahi.
at: manushya ko apni aavashyakta aur suvidhaanusaar maanavata ki bhalaai ke liye inka laabh uthaana chaahiye na ki durupayog kar inke avishkaaron par prashnachihn lagaana chaahiye.
inhein bhi dekhein
baahari kadiyaaain
- gyaan-vigyaan ki khabare
- aarambhik vigyaan kosh (Google pustak ; lekhak - govind jha)
- baal gyaan-vigyaan insaaiklopidiya (Google pustak ; lekhak - Rajendra Kumar Rajiv)
- vigyaan shikshan (Google pustak ; lekhika - Dr shashikirn paandeya)
- upakaar saamaanya vigyaan (Google pustak ; lekhak - North daakota)
- vigyaan ka aanand (Google pustak ; lekhak - vishvanaath tivaari)
- piyrsan saamaanya adhyayan (Google pustak; sangh lok seva aayog ki pareekshaaon ke liye upayogi)
- upakaar saamaanya gyaan (Google pustak; hindi mein)
- vigyaan prasaar - Bhaarat sarkaar ke vigyaan tatha praudyogiki vibhaag dvaara 1989 mein sthaapit ek svaayattashaasi sanstha vigyaan prasaar ka jaalaghar
- Bhaarat mein vigyaan ki ujjaval parampara (Bhaarat ka gaurav)
- hindi mein vaigyaanik lekhan (rishabhadev sharma)
- vigyaan shabdaavali
- vigyaan mein kyon aur kaise (master darshan laal baveja)
- vigyaan tatha takaneeki shabdaavali aayog ka jaalaghar - yahaaain hindi-angreji vaigyaanik evam takaneeki shabdaavali khoji ja sakti hai.
sandarbh
luaa truti package.lua mein pankti 80 par: module 'Module:Portal/images/other' not found.