vande maataram

avaneendranaath Tagore dvaara banaaya gaya bhaaratamaata ka chitr

Bhaarat ke raashtreeya prateek
dhvaj	tiranga
raashtreeya chinh	ashok ki laat
raashtra-gaan	jan gan man
raashtra-geet	vande maataram
pashu	baagh
jaleeya jeev	ganga daalafin
pakshi	mor
pushp	kamal
vruksh	bargad
fal	aam
khel	maidaani hockey
panyachaang	shak samvat
sandarbh	"Bhaarat ke raashtreeya prateek" bhaarateeya dootaavaas, landan Retreived 03-09-2007

vande maataram (sanskrut: vande maataram, baaaingla: বaaনaa্aaদaaে মaaাaaতaaরaaম) Bhaarat ka samvidhaan sammat raashtrageet hai^[1].

vande maataram ke rachayita bankimchandr chattopaadhyaaya

bankimchandr chattopaadhyaaya dvaara sanskrut baaaingla mishrit bhaasha mein rachit is geet ka prakaashan san 1882 mein unke upanyaas aanand math mein antarnihit geet ke roop mein hua^[2] tha. is upanyaas mein yeh geet bhavaanand naam ke sanyaasi dvaara gaaya gaya hai. iski dhun yadunaath Bhattacharya ne banaayi thi.

san 2003 mein, BBC world service dvaara aayojit ek antararaashtreeya sarvekshan mein, jismein us samay tak ke sabse mashahoor das geeton ka chayan karne ke liye duniya bhar se lagbhag 7,000 geeton ko chuna gaya tha aur bee0bee0see0 ke anusaar 155 deshon/dweep ke logon ne ismein matadaan kiya tha usamein vande maataram sheersh ke 10 geeton mein doosare sthaan par tha.^[3]

yadi baaaingla bhaasha ko dhyaan mein rakha jaaya to iska sheershak "bande maataram" hona chaahiye "vande maataram" naheen. chooainki hindi va sanskrut bhaasha mein 'vande' shabd hi sahi hai, lekin yeh geet moolaroop mein baaaingla lipi mein likha gaya tha aur chooainki baaaingla lipi mein va akshar hai hi naheen at: bande maataram sheershak se hi bankim chandr chattopaadhyaaya ne ise likha tha. is tathya ko dhyaan mein rakhate hue sheershak 'bande maataram' hona chaahiye tha. parantu sanskrut mein 'bande maataram' ka koi shabdaarth naheen hai tatha "vande maataram" uchchaaran karne se "maata ki vandana karta hooain" aisa arth niklata hai, at: devanaagari lipi mein ise vande maataram hi likhna va padhna sameecheen hoga.

(sanskrut mool geet[4]) vande maataram. sujalaam sufalaam malayjasheetalaam, shasyashyaamalaam maataram. vande maataram.. 1.. shubhrajyotsna pulakityaamineem, fullakusumit drumadalashobhineem, suhaasineem sumadhurabhaashineem, sukhadaam varadaam maataram. vande maataram.. 2.. koti-koti kanth kal-kal ninaad karaale, koti-koti bhujairdhrut kharakaravaale, ke baule maaain tumi abale, bahubaladhaarineen namaami taarineem, ripudalavaarineen maataram. vande maataram.. 3.. tumi vidya tumi dharm, tumi hrudi tumi marm, tvam hi praanaa: shareere, baahute tumi maaain shakti, hrudaye tumi maaain bhakti, tomaarei pratima gadi mandire-mandire. vande maataram .. 4.. tvam hi durga dashapraharanadhaarini, kamala kamaladalavihaarini, vaani vidyaadaayini, namaami tvaam, namaami kamalaam amalaam atulaam, sujalaan sufalaan maataram. vande maataram.. 5.. shyaamalaam saralaam susmitaam bhooshitaam, dharaneem bharaneem maataram. vande maataram.. 6..>

(baaaingla mool geet) সaaুaaজaaলaaাaaং সaaুaaফaaলaaাaaং মaaলaaযaa়aaজaaশaaীaaতaaলaaাaaমaa্ শaaসaa্aaযaaশaa্aaযaaাaaমaaলaaাaaং মaaাaaতaaরaaমaa্. শaaুaaভaa্aaরaaজaa্aaযaaোaaতaa্aaসaa্aaনaaা পaaুaaলaaকaaিaaতaaযaaাaaমaaিaaনaaীaaমaa্ পaaুaaলaa্aaলaaকaaুaaসaaুaaমaaিaaত দaa্aaরaaুaaমaaদaaলaaশaaোaaভaaিaaনaaীaaমaa্ সaaুaaহaaাaaসaaিaaনaaীaaং সaaুaaমaaধaaুaaর ভaaাaaষaaিaaণaaীaaমaa্ সaaুaaখaaদaaাaaং বaaরaaদaaাaaং মaaাaaতaaরaaমaa্. কaaোaaটaaি কaaোaaটaaি কaaণaa্aaঠ কaaলaaকaaলaaনaaিaaনaaাaaদ কaaরaaাaaলaaে কaaোaaটaaি কaaোaaটaaি ভaaুaaজaaৈaaরaa্aaধaaৃaaতaaখaaরaaকaaরaaবaaাaaলaaে কaaে বaaলaaে মaaা তaaুaaমaaি অaaবaaলaaে বaaহaaুaaবaaলaaধaaাaaরaaিaaণaaীaaং নaaমaaাaaমaaি তaaাaaরaaিaaণaaীaaমaa্ রaaিaaপaaুaaদaaলaaবaaাaaরaaিaaণaaীaaং মaaাaaতaaরaaমaa্. তaaুaaমaaি বaaিaaদaa্aaযaaা তaaুaaমaaি ধaaরaa্aaম, তaaুaaমaaি হaaৃaaদaaি তaaুaaমaaি মaaরaa্aaম তaa্aaবaaং হaaি পaa্aaরaaাaaণ শaaরaaীaaরaaে বaaাaaহaaুaaতaaে তaaুaaমaaি মaaা শaaকaa্aaতaaি হaaৃaaদaaযaa়aaে তaaুaaমaaি মaaা ভaaকaa্aaতaaি তaaোaaমaaাaaরaaৈ পaa্aaরaaতaaিaaমaaা গaaডaa়aaি মaaনaa্aaদaaিaaরaaে মaaনaa্aaদaaিaaরaaে. তaa্aaবaaং হaaি দaaুaaরaa্aaগaaা দaaশaaপaa্aaরaaহaaরaaণaaধaaাaaরaaিaaণaaী কaaমaaলaaা কaaমaaলaaদaaল বaaিaaহaaাaaরaaিaaণaaী বaaাaaণaaী বaaিaaদaa্aaযaaাaaদaaাaaযaa়aaিaaনaaী তaa্aaবaaাaaমaa্ নaaমaaাaaমaaি কaaমaaলaaাaaং অaaমaaলaaাaaং অaaতaaুaaলaaাaaমaa্ সaaুaaজaaলaaাaaং সaaুaaফaaলaaাaaং মaaাaaতaaরaaমaa্. শaa্aaযaaাaaমaaলaaাaaং সaaরaaলaaাaaং সaaুaaসaa্aaমaaিaaতaaাaaং ভaaূaaষaaিaaতaaাaaমaa্ ধaaরaaণaaীaaং ভaaরaaণaaীaaং মaaাaaতaaরaaমaa্.

hindi anuvaad

aanandamath ke hindi, maraathi, tamil, telugu, kannad aadi anek bhaarateeya bhaashaaon ke atirikt angreji-anuvaad bhi prakaashit hue. dau॰ nareshachandr senagupt ne san 1906 mein Abbey of Bliss ke naam se iska angreji-anuvaad prakaashit kiya. aravind ghosh ne 'aanandamath' mein varnit geet 'vande maataram' ka angreji gadya aur padya mein anuvaad kiya. maharshi aravind dvaara kiye gaye angreji gadya-anuvaad ka hindi-anuvaad is prakaar hai:

main aapke saamane natamastak hota hooain. O maata!
paani se seenchi, falon se bhari,
dakshin ki vaayu ke saath shaant,
kataai ki fasalon ke saath gahari,
maata!

usaki raatein chaaaindani ki garima mein prafullit ho rahi hain,
usaki jameen khilte foolon vaale vrukshon se bahut sundar dhaki hui hai,
hainsi ki mithaas, vaani ki mithaas,
maata! varadaan dene waali, aanand dene waali.

san 1870-80 ke dashak mein british shaasakon ne sarkaari samaarohon mein 'gaud! sev the queen' geet gaaya jaana anivaarya kar diya tha. angrejon ke is aadesh se bankimchandr chatarji ko, jo un dinon ek sarkaari adhikaari (deputy collector) the, bahut thes pahuainchi aur unhonne sambhavat: 1876 mein iske vikalp ke taur par sanskrut aur baaaingla ke mishran se ek naye geet ki rachana ki aur usaka sheershak diya - 'vande maataram'. shuruaat mein iske keval do hi pad rache gaye the jo sanskrut mein the. in donon padon mein keval maatrubhoomi ki vandana thi. unhonne 1882 mein jab aanand math naamak baaaingla upanyaas likha tab maatrubhoomi ke prem se otaprot is geet ko bhi usamein shaamil kar liya. yeh upanyaas angreji shaasan, jameendaaron ke shoshan va praakrutik prakop (akaal) mein mar rahi janta ko jaagrut karne hetu achaanak uth khade hue sanyaasi vidroh par aadhaarit tha. is tathyaatmak itihaas ka ullekh bankim babu ne 'aanand math' ke teesare sanskaran mein swayam hi kar diya tha. aur maje ki baat yeh hai ki saare tathya bhi unhonne angreji vidvaanon-gleg va hantar^[5] ki pustakon se diye the. upanyaas mein yeh geet bhavaanand naam ka ek sanyaasi gaata hai. geet ka mukhada vishuddh sanskrut mein is prakaar hai: "vande maataram ! sujalaan sufalaan malayaj sheetalaam, shasya shyaamalaam maataram." mukhade ke baad wala pad bhi sanskrut mein hi hai: "shubhr jyotsnaan pulakit yamineem, full kusumit drumadal shobhineem ; suhaasineen sumadhur bhaashineem, sukhadaan varadaan maataram." kintu upanyaas mein is geet ke aage jo pad likhe gaye the ve upanyaas ki mool bhaasha arthaat baaaingla mein hi the. baad vaale in sabhi padon mein maatrubhoomi ki durga ke roop mein stuti ki gayi hai. yeh geet ravivaar, kaartik sudi navami, shake 1797 (7 November 1875) ko poora hua.

pandit Ram prasaad 'bismil' krut kraanti geetaanjali^[6] mein vande maataram ka mool paath maatru-vandana

Bengal mein chale svaadheenata-aandolan ke dauraan vibhinn railiyon mein josh bharne ke liye yeh geet gaaya jaane laga. dheere-dheere yeh geet logon mein atyadhik lokapriya ho gaya. british sarkaar iski lokapriyta se bhayaakraant ho uthi aur usane is par pratibndh lagaane par vichaar karna shuroo kar diya. san 1896 mein bhaarateeya raashtreeya Congress ke Calcutta adhiveshan mein gurudev raveendranaath thaakur ne yeh geet gaaya. paaainch saal baad yaani san 1901 mein Calcutta mein hue ek anya adhiveshan mein shri charanadaas ne yeh geet pun: gaaya. san 1905 ke banaaras adhiveshan mein is geet ko saralaadevi chaudharaani ne svar diya.

Congress-adhiveshanon ke alaava aajaadi ke aandolan ke dauraan is geet ke prayog ke kaafi udaaharan maujood hain. laala laajapat rai ne Lahore se jis 'journal' ka prakaashan shuroo kiya tha usaka naam vande maataram rakha. angrejon ki goli ka shikaar bankar dam todnevaali aajaadi ki deevaani maatangini haajara ki jubaan par aakhiri shabd "vande maataram" hi the. san 1907 mein maidam bheekhaaji kaama ne jab Germany ke stutagaart mein tiranga faharaaya to uske madhya mein "vande maataram" hi likha hua tha. aarya printing press, Lahore tatha bhaarateeya press, deharaadoon se san 1929 mein prakaashit kaakori ke shaheed pan0 Ram prasaad 'bismil' ki pratibndhit pustak "kraanti geetaanjali" mein pehla geet "maatru-vandana" vande maataram hi tha jismein unhonne keval is geet ke do hi pad diye the aur uske baad is geet ki prashasti mein vande maataram sheershak se ek svarachit urdoo gajal di thi jo us kaalakhand ke asankhya anaam hutaatmaaon ki aavaaj ko abhivyakti deti hai. british kaal mein pratibndhit yeh pustak ab susampaadit hokar pustakaalayon mein upalabdh hai.

svaadheenata sangraam mein is geet ki nirnaayak bhaageedaari ke baavajood jab raashtragaan ke chayan ki baat aayi to vande maataram ke sthaan par raveendranaath thaakur dvaara likhe va gaaye gaye geet jan gan man ko vareeyata di gayi. iski vajah yahi thi ki kuchh musalmaanon ko "vande maataram" gaane par aapatti thi, kyonki is geet mein devi durga ko raashtra ke roop mein dekha gaya hai. iske alaava unka yeh bhi maanana tha ki yeh geet jis aanand math upanyaas se liya gaya hai vah musalmaanon ke khilaaf likha gaya hai. in aapattiyon ke maddenajar san 1937 mein Congress ne is vivaad par gahra chintan kiya. javaaharalaal Nehru ki adhyakshata mein gathit samiti jismein maulaana abul kalaam aajaad bhi shaamil the, ne paaya ki is geet ke shurooaati do pad to maatrubhoomi ki prashansa mein kahe gaye hain, lekin baad ke padon mein hindu devi-devataaon ka jikr hone lagta hai; isaliye yeh nirnaya liya gaya ki is geet ke shuruaati do padon ko hi raashtra-geet ke roop mein prayukt kiya jaayega. is tarah gurudev raveendr naath thaakur ke jan-gan-man adhinaayak jaya he ko yathaavat raashtragaan hi rahane diya gaya aur mohammad Iqbal ke kaumi taraane saare jahaaain se achha ke saath bankimchandr chatarji dvaara rachit praarambhik do padon ka geet vande maataram raashtrageet sveekrut hua.

svatantrata praapti ke baad dau॰ Rajendra prasaad ne samvidhaan sabha mein 24 January 1950 mein 'vande maataram' ko raashtrageet ke roop mein apnaane sambandhi vaktavya padha jise sveekaar kar liya gaya.

dau॰ Rajendra prasaad ka samvidhaan sabha ko diya gaya vaktavya is prakaar hai)^[7] :

"shabdon va sangeet ki vah rachana jise jan gan man se sambodhit kiya jaata hai, Bhaarat ka raashtragaan hai; badlaav ke aise vishay, avsar aane par sarkaar adhikrut kare aur vande maataram gaan, jisne ki bhaarateeya svatantrata sangraam mein aitihaasik bhoomika nibhaayi hai; ko jan gan man ke samakaksh sammaan va pad mile. (harshadhvani). main aasha karta hooain ki yeh sadasyon ko santusht karega." (bhaarateeya samvidhaan parishad, dvaadash khand, 24-1-1950)

aanand math upanyaas ko lekar bhi kuchh vivaad hain, kuchh kattar log ise muslim virodhi maanate hain. unka kehna hai ki ismein musalmaanon ko videshi aur deshdrohi bataaya gaya hai[1]. vande maataram gaane par bhi vivaad kiya ja raha hai. is geet ke pehle do band, jo ki praasangik hain, mein koi bhi muslim virodhi baat naheen hai aur na hi kisi devi ya durga ki aaraadhana hai. par in logon ka kehna hai ki-

• islaam kisi vyakti ya vastu ki pooja karne ko mana karta hai aur is geet mein durga ki vandana ki gayi hai;
• yeh aise upanyaas se liya gaya hai jo ki muslim virodhi hai;
• do anuchhed ke baad ka geet – jise koi mahatva naheen diya gaya, jo ki praasangik bhi naheen hai - mein durga ki araadhana hai.

haalaaainki aisa naheen hai ki Bhaarat ke sabhi musalmaanon ko is par aapatti hai ya sab hindu ise gaane par jor dete hain. yeh bhi ullekhaneeya hai ki kuchh saal pehle vikhyaat sangeetakaar e0 aara0 Rahman ne, jo khud ek musalmaan hain, vande maataram ko lekar ek sangeet elabam taiyaar kiya tha jo bahut lokapriya hua. adhiktar logon ka maanana hai ki yeh vivaad raajaneetik hai.

kya kisi ko koi geet gaane ke liye majaboor kiya ja sakta hai athva naheen? yeh prashn sarvochch nyaayaalaya ke samaksh bijoya emmaanuel versus Kerala raajya^[8] naam ke ek vaad mein uthaaya gaya. is vaad mein kuchh vidyaarthiyon ko school se isaliye nikaal diya gaya tha kyonki unhone raashtra-gaan jan gan man ko gaane se mana kar diya tha. yeh vidyaarthi school mein raashtragaan ke samay iske sammaan mein khade hote the tatha iska sammaan karte the par geet ko gaate naheen the. gaane ke liye unhonne mana kar diya tha. sarvochch nyaayaalaya ne unki yaachika sveekaar kar li aur school ko unhein vaapas lene ko kaha. sarvochch nyaayaalaya ka kehna tha ki yadi koi vyakti raashtragaan ka sammaan to karta hai par use gaata naheen hai to iska matlab yeh naheen ki vah iska apamaan kar raha hai. at: ise na gaane ke liye us vyakti ko dandit ya prataadit naheen kiya ja sakta. chooainki vande maataram is desh ka raashtrageet hai at: isko jabaradasti gaane ke liye majaboor karne par bhi yahi kaanoon va niyam laagoo hoga.

• vande maataram ka itihaas

• Bhaarat sarkaar ki aadhikaarik site se raashtrageet ka daaunalod
• geet ganga par vande maataram - taikst, paudakaast tatha audio daaunalod: 1 2
• you tube par lata mangeshakar dvaara gaaya gaya vande maataram geet (film - aanand math, 1952)

• nihaalachandr varma dvaara sampaadit bankim samagr 1989 hindi prachaarak sansthaan Varanasi.