vaishaali jila

vaishaali
— jila —
vaishaali mein laga ashok stambh
vaishaali vaishaali ka maanachitr
samay mandal: IST (UTC+5:30)
desh	Bhaarat
raajya	Bihar
jila	vaishaali
janasankhya • ghanatv	27,18,421 (2001 tak [update]) • 1335 prati varg kilo meter
kshetrafal	2036 varg kilometer ki.mee²
vibhinn code • pinkod • 844 1xx • doorabhaash • ++91-6225 • gaadiyaan • BH, BR

nirdeshaank: 25°a59′a12″aN 85°a07′a32″aE / 25.986595°aN 85.125589°aE / 25.986595; 85.125589 vaishaali Bihar praant ke tirhut pramandal ka ek jila hai. mujaffarapur se alag hokar 12 aktubar 1972 ko vaishaali ek alag jila bana. vaishaali jile ka mukhyaalaya Hajipur mein hai. bajjika tatha hindi yahaaain ki mukhya bhaasha hai. aitihaasik pramaanon ke anusaar vaishaali mein hi vishv ka sabse pehla ganatantr yaani "ripblik" kaayam kiya gaya tha. vaishaali jila Bhagwan mahaaveer ki janm sthali hone ke kaaran jain dharm ke mataavalanbiyon ke liye ek pavitra nagari hai. Bhagwan buddh ka is dharati par teen baar aagaman hua. mahaatma buddh ke samay solah mahaajanapadon mein vaishaali ka sthaan magadh ke samaan mahatvapoorn tha. aitihaasik mahatva ke hone ke alaave aaj yeh jila raashtreeya star ke kai sansthaanon tatha kele, aam aur leechi ke utpaadan ke liye bhi jaana jaata hai.

600 ipoo mein vrujji ya bajji mahaajanapad

vaishaali jan ka pratipaalak, vishv ka aadi vidhaata,

jise dhoondhata vishv aaj, us prajaatantr ki maata.

ruko ek kshan pathik, is mitti pe sheesh navaao,

raaj siddhiyon ki samaadhi par fool chadhaate jaao|| (kavi raamadhaari Singh dinkar ki panktiyaaain)

vaishaali ka naamaakaran raamaayan kaal ek raaja vishaal ke naam par hua hai. vishnu puraan mein is kshetr par raaj karne vaale 34 raajaaon ka ullekh hai jismein pratham nabhag tatha antim sumati the. raaja sumati Bhagwan Ram ke pita raaja dasharathake samakaleen the. vish‍aav ko sarvapratham ganatantr ka gyaan karaanevaala s‍aathaan vaishaali hi hai. aaj vaishvik s‍aatar par jis lokashaahi ko apnaaya ja raha hai vah yahaaain ke lichhavi shaasakon ki hi den hai. isa poorv chhathi sadi ke uttari aur madhya Bhaarat mein viksit hue 16 mahaajanapadon mein vaishaali ka sthaan ati mahatvapoorn tha. Nepal ki taraai se lekar ganga ke beech faili bhoomi par vajjiyon tatha lich‍aachhaviyon ke sangh (ashtakul) dvaara ganataantrik shaasan vyavastha ki shurooaat ki gayi thi. lagbhag chhathi shataabdi isa poorv mein yahaaain ka shaasak janta ke pratinidhiyon dvaara chuna jaata tha. maurya aur gup‍aat raajavansh mein jab paataleeputr (aadhunik Patna) rajdhani ke roop mein viksit hua, tab vaishaali is kshetr mein hone vaale v‍aayaapaar aur udyog ka pramukh kendra tha. gyaan praapti ke paaainch varsh baad Bhagwan buddh ka vaishaali aagaman hua jismein vaishaali ki prasiddh nagaravadhoo aamrapaali sahit chauraasi hajaar naagrik sangh mein shaamil hue. vaishaali ke sameep kol‍aahuaa mein mahaatma buddh ne apna antim sambodhan diya tha. iski yaad mein mahaan maurya mahaan samraat ashok ne teesari shataabdi isa poorv Singh s‍aatanbh ka nirmaan karavaaya tha. mahaat‍aama buddh ke maha parinirvaan ke lagbhag 100 varsh baad vaishaali mein doosare bauddh parishad ka aayojan kiya gaya tha. is aayojan ki yaad mein do bauddh s‍aatoop banavaae gaye. vaishaali ke sameep hi ek vishaal bauddh math hai, jismein mahaat‍aama buddh upadesh diya karte the. Bhagwan buddh ke sabse priya shishya aanand ki pavitra asthiyaan Hajipur (puraana naam- uchchakala) ke paas ek stoop mein rakhi gayi thi. paaainchavi tatha chhathi sadi ke dauraan prasiddh cheeni yaatri faahiyaan tatha hvenasaang ne vaishaali ka bhraman kar yahaaain ka bhavya varnan kiya hai.
vaishaali jain dharmaavalanbiyon ke liye bhi kaafi mahat‍aavapoorn hai. yaheen par 599 isaapoorv mein jain dharm ke 24vein teerthankar Bhagwan mahaaveer ka jan‍aam vasokund mein hua tha. jnyaaatrikkul mein janme Bhagwan mahaaveer yahaaain 22 varsh ki umr tak rahe the. is tarah vaishaali Bhaarat ke do mahat‍aavapoorn dharmon ka kendra tha. bauddh tatha jain dharmon ke anuyaayiyon ke alaava aitihaasik paryatan mein dilchas‍aapi rakhane vaale logon ke liye bhi vaishaali mahat‍aavapoorn hai. vaishaali ki bhoomi na keval aitihaasik roop se samruddh hai varan kala aur sans‍aakruti ke drushtikon se bhi kaafi dhani hai. vaishaali jile ke chechar (shvetapur) se praapt praacheen moortiyaaain tatha sikke puraataatvik mahatva ke hain.
poorvi Bhaarat mein muslim shaasakon ke aagaman ke poorv vaishaali mithila ke karnaat vansh ke shaasakon ke adheen raha lekin jald hi yahaaain gayaasuddeen evaaj ka shaasan ho gaya. 1323 mein tuglak vansh ke shaasak gayaasuddeen tuglak ka raaj aaya. isi dauraan Bengal ke ek shaasak haaji iliyaas shaah ne 1345 E se 1358 E tak yahaan shaasan kiya. chaudahaveen sadi ke ant mein tirhut samet poore uttari Bihar ka niyantran jaunapur ke raajaaon ke haath mein chala gaya jo tabatak jaari raha jabatak Delhi saltanat ke sikndar lodhi ne jaunapur ke shaasakon ko haraakar apna shaasan sthaapit naheen kiya. baabar ne apne Bengal abhiyaan ke dauraan gandak tat ke paar Hajipur mein apni sainya tukadi ko bheja tha. 1572 i॰ se 1574 i॰ ke dauraan Bengal vidroh ko kuchalane ke kram mein Akbar ki sena ne do baar Hajipur kile par ghera daala tha. 18 veen sadi ke dauraan Afghaanon dvaara tirhut kahalaanevaale is pradesh par kabja kiya. svatantrata aandolan ke samay vaishaali ke shaheedon ki agrani bhoomika rahi hai. vasaaban sinh, bechan sharma, akshayavat rai, seetaaraam Singh jaise svatantrata senaaniyon ne angreji hukoomat ke khilaaf ladaai mein mahatvapoorn hissa liya. aajaadi ki ladaai ke dauraan 1920, 1925 tatha 1934 mein mahaatma gaaaindhi ka vaishaali jile mein teen baar aagaman hua tha. san 1875 se lekar 1972 tak yeh jila mujaffarapur ka ang bana raha. 12 aktubar 1972 ko vaishaali ko svatantr jile ka darja praapt hua.

vaishaali jila ka kshetrafal 2036 varg kilometer hai jiska samudra tal se ausat ooainchaai 52 meter hai. ganga, gandak, baya, noon yahaaain ki nadiyaaain hai. ganga tatha gandak kramash: jile ki dakshini evam pashchimi seema banaati hai. vaishaali jila ke uttar mein mujaffarapur, dakshin mein Patna, poorv mein samasteepur tatha pashchim mein saaran jila hai.

jalavaayu

vaishaali jile mein November se February tak sheet ritu, March se June tak greeshm ritu tatha July se September varsha ritu hota hai. vasant kaal (February- March) tatha sharad kaal (September-aktubar) sabse sukhad hota hai. garmiyon mein yahaaain ka taapamaan 44 degree celcius se 21 degree celcius ke beech tatha jaade mein 23 degree celcius se 6 degree celcius ke beech badalta rahata hai. garmiyon mein 'loo' tatha jaadon mein 'sheetalahari' ka chalana aam hai. sardiyon ki subah evam garami ki shaam sukoon dene wala hota hai. chhath ko sheet ritu ka aur holeeparv ko garmi ka aarambh maana jaata hai. mausam saalaana ausat varsha 120 se.mi. hoti hai jiska adhikaansh maunasooni maheenon (June madhya se August) mein praapt hota hai.

janasaankhyiki

• janasankh‍aaya :- 2718421(2001 ki janagananana anusaar)
  

purushon ki sankhya:- 1415603
striyon ki sankhya:- 1302818

• janasankhya ka ghanatv:- 1335 prati varg kilometer
• stri-puroosh anupaat = 920 prati 1000
• saaksharata dar:- 50.49%

prashaasanik vibhaajan

vaishaali jila 3 anumandal, 16 prakhand, 291 gram panchaayat tatha 1638 gaaainvon mein bainta hai. aparaadh niyantran ke liye jile mein 22 thaane tatha 6 suraksha chauki hai. jile ke teen shaharon mein se ek Hajipur mein nagar parishad tatha mahanaar evam mahuaa mein nagar panchaayat gathit hai. Loksabha ke nae pariseeman ke mutaabik vaishaali mein do seatein hain. vidhaan sabha kshetr ki jile mein poorn tatha aanshik rup se 8 seatein padti hai.^[1]

• anumandal: Hajipur, mahuaa tatha mahanaar
  
• prakhand: goraul, cheharaakalaan, jandaaha, desari, patedhi belasar, paatepur, premaraaj, bidupur, bhagavaanapur, mahuaa, mahanaar, raajaapaakar, raaghopur, laalaganj, saraaya, sahadei bujurg, vaishaali, Hajipur

maanav basaav

samoocha jila ganga ke uttari maidaan ka hissa hai. krushiyogya urvar bhoomi aur mrudu jalavaayu ke chalte praacheen kaal se hi yeh sthaan saghan aabaadi ka kshetr raha hai. jile mein janasankhya ka ghanatv (1335) raashtreeya ausat se kaafi oopar tatha Bihar mein teesara sabse saghan hai. mahatvapoorn saamarik avasthiti ke chalte ateet mein baahari logon ke aakar basane se yahaaain mili-juli sthaaneeya sanskruti panapi hai. praay: sabhi gaaainvon mein hindu aur musalmaan basate hain. donon samudaaya yahaaain ke gauravashaali ateet aur aapasi sahishnuta par naaj karte hain. Bihar ki rajdhani Patna se judaav aur bhoogoleeya niktata ne yahaaain ki ghatnaaon aur avsaron ke mahattv ko kai guna badha diya hai.

bolachaal evam pahanaava

hindi tatha urdoo jile mein shiksha ka maadhyam tatha pramukh bhaasha hai kintu bajjika yahaaain ki sthaaneeya boli hai jo mujaffarapur, seetaamadhi, shivhar aur samasteepur ke atirikt Nepal ke sarlaahi jila mein bhi boli jaati hai. urdoo mein schooli shiksha niji madarason tatha raajya sarkaar ke kuchh urdoo schoolon mein di jaati hai. yuvak aur yuvatiyaaain sabhi aadhunik bhaarateeya vastr pahanate hain lekin gaaainv mein rahanevaale adhikaansh vyask stri-purush dhoti ya saadi pahanana hi pasand karte hain.

shaadi vivaah

vaishaali ki sthaaneeya sanskruti tirhut ke anya jilon (mujaffarapur, seetaamadhi, shivhar, poorvi Champaran, pashchimi Champaran) ke samaan hai lekin parv-tyohaaron ya vivaah ke samay gaae jaane vaale geet mithila se prabhaavit hai. sthaaneeya logon mein jaatibhed adhik hai isliye shaadi-vivaah apne samooh mein paarivaarik kutunb ya rishtedaar dvaara tay kiye jaate hain. sabhi samudaayon mein shaadi ke samay dahej lena-dena aam hai aur kai baar ise lekar bahuon ko prataadna dene ki khabar bhi dainik akhbaar ki surkhiyaaain banti hai.

parv-tyohaar

kai raashtreeya tyauhaar jaise ganatantr diwas, svatantrata diwas aur gaaaindhi jayanti yahaaain khoob harshollaas se manaae jaate hain. yahaaain ke dhaarmik tyauhaaron mein chhath, holi, divaali, durga pooja, Eid ul fitr, muharram, mahaaveer jayanti, mahaashivraatri, buddh poornima, krushnaashtami, makar sankraanti, satuaani, chakachanda aur saama chakeva jaise parv hain. kaartik mein chaar divseeya chhathapooja tatha mahaashivraatri ke avsar par Hajipur mein Shiv aur paarvati ki vivaah yaatra ki badi dhoom hoti hai. hinduon aur muslimon ke sabhi parv praay: miljul kar hi manaae jaate hain.

vaishaali jile ki saaksharata maatr 50.49% hai jo raashtreeya ausat se neeche hai. jile mein 954 praathamik vidyaalaya, 389 madhya vidyaalaya tatha 81 uchch vidyaalaya hai. iske alaave sarv shiksha abhiyaan ke tahat yahaaain 105 vidyaalaya, 246 navasrujit praathamik vidyaalaya, 210 baal shram vidyaalaya, 6 charavaaha vidyaalaya tatha 1 Jawahar navodaya vidyaalaya khole gaye hain. jila mukhyaalaya Hajipur ke atirikt anya hisson mein bhi niji vidyaalayon ki achhi sankhya hai.

degree mahaavidyaalaya

1. raajanaaraayan mahaavidyaalaya, devachand mahaavidyaalaya, jamuneelaal mahaavidyaalaya, vaishaali mahila mahaavidyaalaya (sabhi Hajipur mein) 2. akshayavat mahaavidyaalaya mahuaa 3. samata mahaavidyaalaya araniyaan, jandaaha 4. degree mahaavidyaalaya bhagavaanapur 5. beerachand Patel mahaavidyaalaya desari 6. Ram prasaad Singh mahaavidyaalaya chakeyaaj,mahanaar 7. avadh bihaari Singh mahaavidyaalaya laalaganj
jile ke sabhi mahaavidyaalaya Baba saahab bheemaraav anbedakar Bihar vishvavidyaalaya mujffarapur ki angeebhoot ikaai hai.

vyavasaayik shikshan sansthaan

jila audyogik prashikshan sansthaan Hajipur, shikshak prashikshan sansthaan- diggheekalaan evam sorahatha, hotel prabandhan evam poshaahaar sansthaan Hajipur, keindreeya plastic injiniyring evam takaneeki sansthaan Hajipur, keindreeya aushadheeya shiksha evam anusandhaan sansthaan audyogik kshetr Hajipur, krushi vigyaan kendra harihrapur, rudaset sansthaan jadhuaa Hajipur

jan shikshan sansthaan

shaheed maheshvar smaarak sansthaan samata kaaloni, Hajipur

vaishaali tatha aaspaas

• ashok s‍aatanbh:- vaishaali mein hue mahaat‍aama buddh ke antim upadesh ki yaad mein samraat ashok ne nagar ke sameep kol‍aahuaa mein laal baluaa pat‍aathar ke ekaashm Singh-s‍aatanbh ki s‍aathaapana ki thi. lagbhag 18.3 meter ooainche is s‍aatanbh ke oopar ghanti ke aakaar ki banaavat hai jo isko aakarshak banaata hai.
• bauddh s‍aatoop:- doosare bauddh parishad ki yaad mein yahaaain par do bauddh s‍aatoopon ka nirmaan kiya gaya tha. pehle tatha doosare s‍aatoop mein Bhagwan buddh ki asthiyaaain mili hai. yeh s‍aathaan bauddh anuyaayiyon ke liye kaafi mahat‍aavapoorn hai.
• Abhishek push‍aakarani:- vaishaali mein nav nirvaachit shaasak ko is sarovar mein s‍aanaan ke pashchaat apne pad, gopaneeyata aur ganaraaj‍aaya ke prati nishtha ki sapath dilaai jaati thi. isi ke najadeek lich‍aachhavi s‍aatoop tatha vishv shaanti stoop sthit hai.
• raaja vishaal ka gadh:-lagbhag ek kilometer paridhi ke chaaron taraf do meter oonchi deevaal hai jiske chaaron taraf 43 meter chaudi khaai thi. samjha jaata hai ki raaja vishaal ka raajamahal ya lichhvi kaal ka sansad hai.
• kun‍aadalapur:- yeh jagah jain dharm ke 24vein teerthankar Bhagwan mahaaveer ka jan‍aamas‍aathaan hone ke kaaran kaafi pavitra maana jaata hai. vaishaali se iski doori 4 kilometer ke aaspaas hai. yaheen basaadh gaaainv mein praakrut jain shaastr evam ahinsa sansthaan bhi sthit hai.
• vaishaali mahotsav:- prativrsh vaishaali mahotsav ka aayojan jain dharm ke 24 vein teerthankar Bhagwan mahaaveer ke janm diwas par baisaakh poornima ko kiya jaata hai. April ke madhya mein aayojit honevaale is raajakeeya utsav mein deshbhar ke sangeet aur kalaapremi hissa lete hain.
• vishv shaanti stoop:- Japan ke nipponaji samudaaya dvaara banavaaya gaya vish‍aav shaantis‍aatoop
• chaumukhi mahaadev mandir
• baavan pokhar mandir
• vaishaali sangrahaalaya

Hajipur evam aaspaas

• konahaara ghaat: Bhagwat puraan mein varnit gaj-graah ki ladaai mein swayam Bhagwan vishnu ne yahaaain aakar apne bhakt gajaraaj ko jeevanadaan aur shaapagrast graah ko mukti di thi. ganga aur gandak ke pavitra sangam par base konahaara ghaat ki mahima hindu dharm mein anyatam hai.
• nepaali chhaavani mandir: 18 veen sadi mein paigoda shaili mein nirmit adviteeya shivmandir nepaali vaastukala ka adbhut udaaharan hai.
• raamachaura mandir: ayodhya se janakapur jaane ke kram mein Bhagwan shreeraam ne yahaaain vishraam kiya tha. unke charan chihn prateek rup mein yahaaain maujood hai.
• jaamiya masjid: terahaveen sadi ke madhya mein yahaaain ke shaasak haaji iliyaas dvaara banavaae gaye kile parisar mein Akbar kaal mein banavaaya gaya masjid.
• maamoo-bhaaainja ki majaar: mugalakaal ke soofi santon ki majaar evam karabala ka maidaan
• gaaaindhi aashram: svatantrata aandolan ke dauraan raashtrapita mahaatma gaaaindhi ke teen baar jile mein padhaarane par aayojit sabha sthal tatha khaadi graamodyog aayog parisar
• mahaatma gaaaindhi setu:- prabalit kankreet se ganga nadi par bana mahaatma gaaaindhi setu duniya mein ek hi nadi par bana sabse bada pul hai. 46 paaye vaale is kankreet pul se ganga ko paar karne par vaishaali mein aam aur kele ki kheti tatha Patna mahanagar ke vibhinn ghaaton tatha laindamaark ka vihangam drushya dikhaai deta hai.

sonapur mela

ganga-gandak ke sangam par base harihrakshetr mein konahaara ghaat ke saamane sonapur mein vishvaprasiddh mela lagta hai. yahaaain Baba harihranaath (Shiv mandir) tatha kaali mandir ke alaave anya mandir bhi hain. prativrsh kaartik poornima ko pavitra gandak-snaan se shuru honevaale mele ka aayojan paksh bhar chalta hai. sonapur mela ki prasiddhi Asia ke sabse bade pashu mele ke rup mein hai. haathi-ghode se lekar rang-birange pakshi tak mele mein khareede-beche jaate hain. mela ke dinon mein sonapur ek saamaajik, aarthik evam saanskrutik kendra ban jaata hai.

anya mahatvapoorn sthal

• hajrat jandaaha: Hajipur se 32 kilometer poorab N H 103 ke kinaare sthit jandaaha shahar mein soofi sant divaan Ali shaah ki majaar hai. yahaaain hokar bahne waali baaya nadi tatha shahar ke naam ke peechhe soofi sant dvaara kiye gaye chamatkaar ki kahaani judi hai. madhyakaal mein Hajipur ke ek prasiddh soofi makadoom shaah abdul fateh jandaaha ke soofi divaan Ali shaah ke chaacha the.
• chechar (shvetapur): Hajipur se lagbhag 20 kilometer poorab sthit ganga nadi ke kinaare sthit chechar gaaainv puraataatvik dharoharon se sampann gaaainv hai. iska puraana naam shvetapur hai. yahaaain gupt evam paalavansh ke shaasanakaal ki moortiyaaain evam sikke mile hain.
• bhuniyaan sthaan: Hajipur se 10 kilometer door sthit ek gaaainv mein Baba bhuinya sthaan hai jahaaain pashupaalakon dvaara devata ko doodh arpit kiya jaata hai. vaishaali tatha aaspaas ke jile mein krushi evam pashupaalan se jude logon ke liye yeh sthaan ati pavitra hai.
• budheemaai ka mandir

sadak parivhan

Patna, samasteepur, chhapada tatha mujaffarapur se yahaaain aane ke liye sadak ya rel maarg sabse upayuk‍aat hai. jile se vartamaan mein teen raashtreeya raajamaarg tatha do raajakeeya raajamaarg gujarati hain. mahaatma gaaaindhi setu paarakar Patna se judaa raashtreeya raajamaarg 19 Hajipur, chhapada hokar uttar pradesh ke Gazipur tak jaati hai. Hajipur se mujaffarapur tatha seetaamadhee hokar sonabarasa tak jaanevaali 142 kilometer lambi sadak raashtreeya raajamaarg 77 hai. raashtreeya raajamaarg 103 Hajipur, chakasikndar, jandaaha, chakalaalashaahi hote hue raashtreeya raajamaarg 28 par sthit musareegharaari se jodti hai. raajakeeya raajamaarg 49 dvaara yeh mahuaa tatha taajapur se judaa hai. raajakeeya raajamaarg 48 ke antargat 1.80 kilometer ka ek chhota sa hissa mujaffarapur-Hajipur sadak ka khand hai. raajamaarg ke atirikt vaishaali ke sabhi prakhand tatha panchaayat jila uchchapath tatha graameen sadkon se juda hai. jile ka saarvajanik yaataayaat mukhyat: niji bason, autorickshaw aur niji vaahanon par aashrit hai.

rel parivhan

vaishaali jile mein rel path (braud gej) ki kul lanbaai 71kilomeetar hai. [1] mukhya s‍aateshan Hajipur hai jo poorv madhya railway ka mukhyaalaya bhi hai. vaishaali jile mein padane vaale anya mahatvapoorn s‍aateshan goraul, bhagavaanapur, saraaya, akshayavataraaya nagar, chakasikndar, desari tatha mahanaar hai. dil‍aali, Mumbai, chen‍aanai, Kolkata, guvaahaathi tatha amrutasar ke atirikt Bhaarat ke mahatvapoorn shaharon ke liye yahaan se seedhi trenaseva hai. bauddh sarkit ke tahat ek nayi rel laain Patna se Hajipur, vaishaali hokar prastaavit hai.

havaai parivhan

vaishaali jile ka sabse najadeeki havaai adda raajya ki rajdhani Patna mein sthit hai. jayaprakaash Narayan antarraashtreeya havaai kshetr ke liye Indian, spaais jet, kingafisr, jetalaait, indigo aadi vimaanasevaaeain upalabdh hain. dil‍aali, Kolkata, kaathamaandu, baagadogara, raaainchi, banaaras aur Lucknow se flight lekar Patna pahuainch kar vaishaali ke kisi bhi hisse mein aasaani se pahuaincha ja sakta hai. Patna havaai adade se sadak maarg dvaara mahaatma gaaaindhi setu paarakar vaishaali jile mein pravesh hote hain.

jal parivhan

jile ki seema rekha par bahne waali ganga tatha gandak nadi naukaagamya hai. Hajipur, bidupur, raaghopur tatha mahanaar ke paas se bahanevaali ganga nadi ka hissa raashtreeya jalamaarg 1 par padta hai jisse yeh jila pashchim mein banaaras hote hue Allahabad se tatha poorv mein Kolkata hote hue haldiya se juda hai.

1. ↑ [2] vaishaali jila ek najar mein