vaayuyaan

ek boing 787 dreemalaainar vimaan hava mein udaan bharta hua

vaayuyaan aise yaan ko kehte hai jo dharati ke vaataavaran ya kisi anya vaataavaran mein ud sakta hai. kintu raaket, vaayuyaan naheen hai kyonki udane ke liye iske chaaro taraf hava ka hona aavashyak naheen hai.

sangrahaalaya mein rakhe puraane vimaan (national myujiym of air aind space, Washington deesi)

aadhunik vaayuyaan ko sabse pehle right bandhuon ne banaaya tha. vilvar aur oravil mein keval chaar saal ka antar tha. jis samay unhein havaai jahaaj banaane ka khyaal aaya, us samay vilvar sirf 11 saal ka tha aur oravil ki umr thi 7 saal. hua yoon ki ek din unke pita un donon ke liye ek udne wala khilauna laae. yeh khilauna baans, kaark, kaagaj aur rabar ke chhallon ka bana tha. is khilaune ko udta dekh vilvar aur oravil ke man mein bhi aakaash mein udne ka vichaar aaya. unhonne nishchaya kiya ki ve bhi ek aisa khilauna banaaenge.

iske baad ve donon ek ke baad ek kai model banaane mein jut gaye. antat: unhonne jo model banaaya, usaka aakaar ek badi patang sa tha. ismein oopar takhte lage hue the aur unheen ke saamane chhote-chhote do pankhe bhi lage the, jinhein taar se jhukaakar apni marji se oopar ya neeche le jaaya ja sakta tha. baad mein isi yaan mein ek seedhi khadi patavaar bhi lagaayi gayi. iske baad right bhaaiyon ne apne vimaan ke liye 12 haursapaavar ka ek deasel engine banaaya aur ise vaayuyaan ki nichli line ke daahine aur nichle pankh par fit kiya aur baain or pilot ke baithane ki seat banaai.

right bandhuon ke prayog kaafi lambe samay tak chale. tab tak ve kaafi bade ho gaye the aur apne vimaanon ki tarah unamein bhi paripkvata aa gayi thi. aakhir mein 1903 mein 17 December ko unhonne apne vaayuyaan ka pareekshan kiya. pehli udaan oravil ne ki. usane apna vaayuyaan 36 meter ki oonchaai tak udaaya. isi yaan se doosari udaan vilvar ne ki. usane hava mein lagbhag 200 foot ki doori tay ki. teesari udaan fir oravil ne aur chauthi aur antim udaan fir vilvar ne ki. usane 850 foot ki doori lagbhag 1 minute mein tay ki. yeh engine vaale jahaaj ki pehli udaan thi. uske baad naye-naye kism ke vaayuyaan banane lage. par sabke udne ka siddhaant ek hi hai.

Airfoil having extended by a few degrees flaps

mukhya roop se vaayuyaanon ko do vargon mein baanta ja sakta hai:

• hava se halke (erostaits)
• hava se bhaari (erodaains)

erostaits

erostaits, hava mein udane ke liye utplaavan bal (bouancy) ka sahaara lete hain. (theek usi tarah jaise paani mein lohe ka bana jalayaan (ship) tairata hai)

erodaains

hava se bhaari vaayuyaan, kisi aisi yukti ka prayog karte hain jisse hava ya gas ko neeche ki taraf dabaakar ve apne bhaar ke baavajood hava mein tairate rah sakte hain.

erodaains ke bhi anek prakaar hote hain:

eroplen (vimaan)

takaneeki roop se inhein fixed-wing aircraft kaha jaata hai.

rotokraaft

rotokraaft ya rotorakraaft mein ghoornan karne vaale pankhe (rotar) lage hote hain. in pankhon ke blade erofvaayal sekshan vaale hote hain. helikaaptar, aatogaairo aadi iske udaaharan hain. it flying with deasel engine

vaayuyaan ka ghoornan mukhyat: teen akshon ke parit: ho sakta hai, jinhein rol, pitch tatha 'ya' kehte hain.

• sainya vaayuyaan
• naagrik vaayuyaan

• uddayan ka itihaas
• vaimaanik abhiyaantriki
• vaayupatrak
• chandrayaan
• mangalayaan

itihaas

• Smithsonian Air and Space Museum - Excellent online collection with a particular focus on history of aircraft and spacecraft
• Virtual Museum
• Prehistory of Powered Flight
• The Evolution of Modern Aircraft (NASA)
• History of Aviation in Australia - State Library of NSW
• The Channel Crossing

soochana aur gyaan

• Aircraft-Info.net
• Airliners.net
• Everything you wanted to know about Aviation — Provided by New Scientist.