vaastukala
bhavanon ke vinyaas, aakalpan aur rachana ki, tatha parivrtanasheel samay, takaneek aur ruchi ke anusaar maanav ki aavashyakataaon ko santusht karne yogya sabhi prakaar ke sthaanon ke tarkasangat evam buddhisangat nirmaan ki kala, vigyaan tatha takaneek ka sanmishran vaastukala (aarkitekchar) ki paribhaasha mein aata hai.
iska aur bhi spashtakeen kiya ja sakta hai. vaastukala lalitkala ki vah shaakha rahi hai aur hai, jiska uddeshya audyogiki ka sahayog lete hue upayogita ki drushti se uttam bhavananirmaan karna hai, jinke paryaavaran susanskrut evam kalaatmak ruchi ke liye atyant priya, saundarya-bhaavana ke poshak tatha aanandakar evam aanandavardhak hon. prakruti, buddhi evam ruchi dvaara nirdhaarit aur niyamit katipya siddhaanton aur anupaaton ke anusaar rachana karna is kala ka sambaddh ang hai. nakshon aur pindon ka aisa vinyaas karna aur sanrachana ko atyant upayukt dhang se samruddh karna, jisse adhiktam suvidhaaon ke saath rochakata, saundarya, mahaanata, ekta aur shakti ki srushti ho se yahi vaastukaushal hai. praarambhik avasthaaon mein, athva svalpasiddhi ke saath, vaastukala ka sthaan maanav ke seemit prayojanon ke liye aavashyak peshon, ya vyavasaayon mein-praaya: manushya ke liye kisi prakaar ka rakshaasthaan pradaan karne ke liye hota hai. kisi jaati ke itihaas mein vaastukrutiyaaain mahatvapoorn tab hoti hain, jab unamein kisi ansh tak sabhyata, samruddhi aur vilaasita aa jaati hai aur unamein jaati ke garv, pratishtha, mahatvaakaanksha aur aadhyaatmikta ki prakruti poornataya abhivyakt hoti hai.
parichay
praacheen kaal mein vaastukala sabhi kalaaon ki janani kahi jaati thi. kintu vrutti ke parivartan ke saath aur sambaddh vyavasaayon ke bhaag lene par yeh samaaveshak sanrakshan ki muhar ab naheen rahi. vaastukala puraatan kaal ki saamaajik sthiti prakaash mein laanevaala mudranaalaya bhi kahi gayi hai. yeh vaheen tak theek hai jahaaain tak saamaajik evam anya upalabdhiyon ka prabhaav hai. yeh bhi kaha gaya hai ki vaastukala bhavanon ke alankaran ke atirikt aur kuchh naheen hai. jahaaain tak aitihaasik vaastukala ka sambandh hai, yeh anshat: satya hai. fir vaastukala sabhyata ka saaaincha bhi kahi gayi hai. jahaaain tak puraatatveeya prabhaav hai, yeh theek hai kintu vaastukala ke itihaas par ek sankshipt drushtipaat se yeh spasht ho jaaega ki maanav ke praacheenatam prayaas shikaariyon ke aadikaaleen gufa-aavaason, charavaahon ke charm-tanbuon aur kisaanon ke jhopadon ke roop mein dekh padte hain. nauka-aavaas aur vrukshon par bani jhopadiyaaain puraakaaleen vishishtataaeain hain. dhaarmik smaarak banaane ke aadikaaleen prayaas patthar aur lakdi ki baad ke roop mein the. in aadikaaleen prayaason mein aur unke sudhare hue roopon mein sabhi deshon mein kuchh na kuchh baatein aisi mahatvapoorn aur vishisht prakaar ki hain ki bahut din baad ki mahaanatam kala krutiyon mein bhi ve pratyaksh hain.
yugon ke drut vikaasakram mein vaastukala viksi, dhali aur maanav ki parivrtanasheel aavashyakataaon ke - usaki suraksha, kaarya, dharm, aanand aur anya yugaprarvatak chihnon, anuroop bani. misr ke saade svaroop, cheen ke maanak abhiklp-svaroop, Bhaarat ke videshi tatha samruddh svaroop, maiksiko ke maya aur aijatek ki anagadh mahima, yoonaan ke atyant viksit devaayatan, roman saamraajya ki bahuvidh aavashyakataaon ki poorti karanevaale jatil prakaar ke bhavan, puraakaaleen aadanbaraheen girje, mahaan gaathik girja bhavan aur chitropam durg, Turkey imaaraton ke utkrusht vinyaas evam anupaat aur Europeeya punarutthaan ke bhavya vaastukeeya smaarak aitihaasik vaastu ke satat vikaas ka lekha prastut karte hain. ye sab imaaratein maanav vikaas ke mahaan yugon ki or ingit karti hain, jinmein vaastukala jaateeya jeevan se atyadhik sambandhit hone ke kaaran un jaatiyon ki pratibha aur mahatvaakaanksha ka, jinki unke smaarakon par suspasht chhaap hain, digdarshan karaati hain.
pratyek aitihaasik vaastu ki upalabdhiyaaain mote taur se do moolabhoot siddhaanton se nishchit ki ja sakti hain, ek jo sankalpana mein antarnihit hai aur doosra jo sarvochch vishishtata ka dyotak hai. misri vaastu mein yeh yugottarajeevi vishaal aur bhaari smaarakon dvaara vyakt rahasyamayata hai, aseeriyaai, bebeenloni aur Irani kala mein, yeh shastrashakti aur vilaasi jeevan tha, yoonaani kala mein yeh nishchayaatmak aayojana aur sanshodhit drushtibhram tha jiske falasvaroop saadagi aur parishkrut poornata I. romanon mein yeh bhavyata, aanand evam shakti ka prem tha jiske falasvaroop vilkshan vaigyaanik nirmaan hua. puraakaaleen isaaiyon mein yeh isaamaseeh ki sachchi saadagi aur gaurav vyakt karanevaale girjaagharon ke nirmaan ke prati bhaari utsaah ke roop mein tha; gaathik nirmaataaon mein yeh sanrachana yaantriki ke gyaan se yukt utkat shakti thi; itaalavi punaruddhaar mein yeh us yug ki vidvatta thi. bauddh aur hindu vaastukala ka utkrusht gun usaka aadhyaatmik tatv hai, ja uske vikaas mein aadyopaant pratyaksh hai. musalamaani vaastukala mein akalpaneeya dhan sanpada, thaat aur vishaal bhookhand par usaka prabhutv jhalakata hai; jabki Bhaarat ka bheemakaaya afagaani vaastu us shaasan ki aakraamak pravrutti prakat karta hai; kintu mugal smaarak utkrusht anupaat mugalon ke aur kruti sambandhi prem ko darshaane mein shreshth hain tatha Bhaarat ki garmi mein unka jeevan bhaleebhaaainti vyakt karte hain. is prakaar bhootakaaleen krutiyon mein ham dekhte hain ki chattanon, iton aur pattharon mein moort ve vichaar hi hain jo uparyukt aur vishvasaneeya dhang se kisi na kisi roop mein gaurav ke shikhar par pahuainchi hui sabhyaataaon ki tatkaleen dharm sambandhi ya anya jaagruti vyakt karte hain.
in tamaam saalon mein vaastukala saamayik chetna paryaavaran tatha sthaaneeya prushthabhoomi ke saamanjasya mein viksit hui. aaj bhi ham pratibhaavaan vyaktiyon ke liye sarvaadhik upayukt svaroop tatolate rahate hain. aaj kuchh aise vaastuk hain jo bhoot ka anusaran karne mein hi santusht hain kuchh anya hain jo videshi dhang ka anukaran karne ka prayaas karte hain. bahut thode se aise hain jo apne samay, gati aur raashtreeya drushtikaan ke anuroop vaastu ka vikaas karte ka prayaas kar rahe hain. is chhote se varg ka prayaas naya sanghaat prastut karne ka hai, jo manushya ka nae vichaar sochane aur dhaaran karne ki prerana deta hai. is prakaar se hamaare yug ke bhavan nirmaan karne ka prayaas karte hain aur baad mein ye hi bhavan shareer aur mastishk ke svasth vikaas ko protsaahat karke jaati ka nirmaan kareinge.
iske atirikt ham dekhte hain ki vaastukala kabhi kabhi gyaat upayogita sambandhi aavashyakataaon aur usaki nirmaan paddhatiyon se aage bhi badh jaati hai. vaastukala mein hi kalpana ki vishuddh srushti, jab saare drushtikon ke vyaapak avarodh ke saath vyakt hoti hai, tab poornata ke shikhar par pahuainchane mein samarth hoti hain, jaise yoonaan mein joos ke sir se etheena ki, ya Bhaarat mein svayanbhoo ki upama.
ismein sandeh naheen ki vaastukala ka aadhaar imaaratein hain, kintu yeh imaaratein khadi karne ke atirikt kuchh aur bhi hain jaise kavita gadya rachana ke rachana ke atirikt kuchh aur bhi hai. meethe svar mein gaae jaane par kavita prabhaavashaali hoti hi hai, kintu jab uske saath upayukt sangeet aur layayukt nrutya cheshtaaeain bhi hoti hain tab vah keval manushya ke hrudaya ki aur vibhinn indriyon ko hi aakarshit naheen karti apitu inke gauravapoorn mel se nirmit saare vaataavaran se hi use avagat karaati hai. isi prakaar vaastukalpanaaeain, daarshanik gatividhiyon se, kaavyamaya abhivyaktiyon se aur sammilit layaatmak, sangeetaatmak tatha varnaatmak arthon se paripoorn hoti hain aur aisi utkrusht vaastukrutiyaaain maanav ke antarmaanas ko chhooti hui sabhi prakaar se usaki prashansa ka paatr hoti hain aur fir vishvavyaapi khyaati arjit karti hain. sarvasanmat mahaan vaastukrutiyon ki yeh prashasti chirsthaayi hoti hai aur bhaavi peedhiyon ko prerana deti hai.
yeh satya hai ki vaastukala ke prayogon mein bahut asthirta rahi hai, jisse aganit shailiyaaain prakat ho gayi hain. kintu un shailiyon se kisi vaastuk ko kya prayojan? ya unka uske yug se kya sambandh? sach to yeh hai ki vaastukala na koi panth hai na shaili, varan yeh to vikaas ka atoot kram hai. isliye vaastuk ko shailiyon se vishesh prayojan naheen, jaise badalate hue fashion se kisi mahila ki poshaak ka koi sambandh naheen. is vishay mein frainkalaayad right ne kaha hai ki vaastukala ki paridhi idhar udhar hatati rahati hai, usaka kendra naheen badalta.
aadhunik vaastukala ka aur vyaapak arthon mein, vaastukala ka vikaas vinyaas ki sanrachanaatmak aavashyakataaon aur upalabdh saamagri ki saundaryasanbhaavanaaon dvaara prastut pratibandhon ki upasthiti mein sundarata ke liye khoj aur sangharsh ke falasvaroop hua hai. jab inke falasvaroop kisi rachana ki srushti hoti hai, tab aisa lagta hai ki aaj ki vaastukala bhaari rachanaaon aur aavruttiyon ke roop mein vyakt moortikla hi hai. yadi is sandarbh mein dekhe to vaastukala vyakti ke apne sarjak man ki sampoorn evam suviksit rachana honi chaahiye, jo svayanbhoo ke uchch star tak pahuainchati hai.
inhein bhi dekhein
baahari kadiyaaain
- sampoorn vaastushaastr (Google pustak ; lekhak - Dr bhojaraaj Dwivedi)
- vaastushilp aur sabhyata (kalpana)
- Architecture of India
- The architects' handbook (Google Booka By Quentin Pickard)