vaalmeeki

vaalmeeki
vaalmeeki raamaayan ke rachana karte hue
darshan	dhaarmik aandolan jise vaalmeekishaastr kehte hain vo vaalmeekike kalaame aadhirit hain .
khitaab/sammaan	dipaanshu kulashreshth
raamaayan tatha yog vaasishthake rachanaakaar

vaalmeeki (/vɑaaːlˈmiːki/;^[1] sanskrut: vaalmeeki Vāalmīaki)^[2] praacheen bhaarateeya maharshi hain. ye aadikvi ke rup mein prasiddh hain. unhone sanskrut me raamaayan ki rachana ki. unke dvaara rachi raamaayan vaalmeeki raamaayan kahalaai. raamaayan ek mahaakaavya hai jo ki shreeraam ke jeevan ke maadhyam se hamein jeevan ke satya se, kartavya se, parichit karavaata hai.

maharshi vaalmeeki ka janm naaga prajaati mein hua tha. maharshi banane ke pehle vaalmeeki ratnaakar ke naam se jaane jaate the. ve parivaar ke paalan-poshan hetu dasyukarm karte the. ek baar unhein nirjan van mein naarad muni mile. jab ratnaakar ne unhein lootana chaaha, to unhonne ratnaakar se poochha ki yeh kaarya kisliye karte ho, ratnaakar ne javaab diya parivaar ko paalne ke liye. naarad ne prashn kiya ki kya is kaarya ke falasvarup jo paap tumhein hoga usaka dand bhugatne mein tumhaare parivaar vaale tumhaara saath deinge. ratnaakar ne javaab diya pata naheen, naaradamuni ne kaha ki jaao unase poochh aao. tab ratnaakar ne naarad rishi ko ped se baaaindh diya tatha ghar jaakar patni tatha anya parivaar vaalon se poochha ki kya dasyukarm ke falasvarup hone vaale paap ke dand mein tum mera saath doge to sabne mana kar diya. tab ratnaakar naaradamuni ke paas laute tatha unhein yeh baat bataayi. is par naaradamuni ne kaha ki he ratnaakar yadi tumhaare gharavaale iske paap mein tumhaare bhaageedaar naheen banana chaahate to fir kyon unke liye yeh paap karte ho. yeh sunakar ratnaakar ko dasyukarm se unhein virkti ho gayi tatha unhonne naaradamuni se uddhaar ka upaaya poochha. naaradamuni ne unhein Ram-Ram japane ka nirdesh diya.

ratnaakar van mein ekaant sthaan par baithakar Ram-Ram japane lage lekin ajnyaaanataavash Ram-Ram ki jagah mara-mara japane lage. kai varshon tak kathor tap ke baad unke poore shareer par cheentiyon ne baaainbi bana li jis kaaran unka naam vaalmeeki pada. kathor tap se prasann hokar brahma ji ne inhein gyaan pradaan kiya tatha raamaayan ki rachana karne ki aajnyaa di. brahma ji ki krupa se inhein samay se poorv hi raamaayan ki sabhi ghatnaaon ka gyaan ho gaya tatha unhonne raamaayan ki rachana ki. kaalaantar mein ve mahaan rishi bane.

haalaki maharshi vaalmeeki ne raamaayan me swayam kaha hai ki :

prechetasonh dashamaa: putron raghavanandan. manasa karmana vaacha, bhootapoorv na kilvishm..

he Ram mai pracheta muni ka dasava putr hoo aur Ram mainne apne jeevan mein kabhi bhi paapaachaar kaarya naheen kiya hai.

jisse ki ratnaakar ki kahaani mithya hi prateet hoti hai kyoki aisa rishi jiske pita swayam ek muni ho to bhala vah daakoo kaise ban sakta hai aur vah swayam Ram ke saamane seeta ji ki pavitrata ke baare me raamaayan jaisi rachana me apna parichay deta hai to vah galat prateet naheen hota. ^[3]

aadikvi shabd 'aadi' aur 'kavi' ke mel se bana hai. 'aadi' ka arth hota hai 'pratham' aur 'kavi' ka arth hota hai 'kaavya ka rachayita'. vaalmeeki rishi ne sanskrut ke pratham mahaakaavya ki rachana ki thi jo raamaayan ke naam se prasiddh hai. pratham sanskrut mahaakaavya ki rachana karne ke kaaran vaalmeeki aadikvi kahalaaye.

ek baar maharshi vaalmeeki ek kraunch pakshi ke jode ko nihaar rahe the. vah joda premaalaap mein leen tha, tabhi unhonne dekha ki ek baheliye ne kaamarat kraunch (saaras) pakshi ke jode mein se nar pakshi ka vadh kar diya aur maada pakshi vilaap karne lagi. uske is vilaap ko sun kar maharshi ki karuna jaag uthi aur dravit avastha mein unke mukh se svat: hi yeh shlok foot padaa:

ma nishaad pratishthaan tvamagam: shaashvatee: samaa:.

yatkraunchamithunaadekam avadhee: kaamamohitm.'

((nishaad)are baheliye, (yatkraunchamithunaadekam avadhee: kaamamohitm) toone kaamamohit maithunarat kraunch pakshi ko maara hai. ja tujhe kabhi bhi pratishtha ki praapti naheen (ma pratishtha tvagam:) ho paayegi)

gyaan praapti ke baad unhonne prasiddh mahaakaavya "raamaayan" (jise ki "vaalmeeki raamaayan" ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai) ki rachana ki aur "aadikvi vaalmeeki" ke naam se amar ho gaye.

apne mahaakaavya "raamaayan" mein anek ghatnaaon ke ghatne ke samay soorya, chandra tatha anya nakshatr ki sthitiyon ka varnan kiya hai. isse gyaat hota hai ki ve jyotish vidya evam khagol vidya ke bhi prakaand pandit the.

apne vanavaas kaal ke madhya "Ram" vaalmeeki rishi ke aashram mein bhi gaye the.

dekhat ban sar sail suhaae. baalameek aashram prabhu aae.

tatha jab "Ram" ne apni patni seeta ka parityaag kar diya tab vaalmeeki ne hi seeta ko prashraya diya tha.

uparokt uddharanon se siddh hai ki vaalmeeki "Ram" ke samakaaleen the tatha unke jeevan mein ghatit pratyek ghatnaaon ka poornaroopen gyaan vaalmeeki rishi ko tha. unhein "Ram" ka charitra ko itna mahaan samjha ki unke charitra ko aadhaar maan kar apne mahaakaavya "raamaayan" ki rachana ki.

hinduon ke prasiddh mahaakaavya vaalmeeki raamaayan, jise ki aadi raamaayan bhi kaha jaata hai aur jismein Bhagwan shreeraamachandr ke nirmal evam kalyaanakaari charitra ka varnan hai, ke rachayita maharshi vaalmeeki ke vishay mein anek prakaar ki bhraantiyaaain prachalit hai jiske anusaar unhein nimnavarg ka bataaya jaata hai jabki vaastavikta iske viruddh hai. aisa prateet hota hai ki hinduon ke dvaara hindu sanskruti ko bhula diye jaane ke kaaran hi is prakaar ki bhraantiyaaain faili hain. vaalmeeki raamaayan mein swayam vaalmeeki ne shlok sankhya 7/93/16, 7/96/18 aur 7/111/11 mein likha hai ki ve pracheta ke putr hain. manusmruti mein pracheta ko vashishth, naarad, pulastya aadi ka bhaai bataaya gaya hai. bataaya jaata hai ki pracheta ka ek naam varun bhi hai aur varun brahmaaji ke putr the. yeh bhi maana jaata hai ki vaalmeeki varun arthaat pracheta ke 10vein putr the aur un dinon ke prachalan ke anusaar unke bhi do naam 'agnishrma' evam 'ratnaakar' the.

prechetasonh dashamaa: putron raghavanandan. manasa karmana vaacha, bhootapoorv na kilvishm.. 

bhagavaan vaalmeeki ji ne raamaayan mein Ram ko sambodhit karte hue likha hai ki he, Ram mainne apne jeevan mein kabhi bhi paapaachaar kaarya naheen kiya hai.

Bhagwan vaalmeeki ke pita ka naam varun aur maan ka naam chaarshani tha. vah apne maata-pita ke dasvein putr the. unke bhaai jyotishaachaarya bhrugu rishi the. maharshi kashyap aur aditi ke nauveen santaan the pita varun. varun ka ek naam pracheta bhi hai, isliye vaalmeeki praachetas naam se bhi vikhyaat hain.

matsya puraan mein Bhagwan vaalmeeki ko bhaargavasaptam naam se smaran kiya jaata hai, tatha Bhagwat mein unhein mahaayogi kaha gaya hai. sikhon ke dasvein guru govind Singh dvaara rachit dashamagranth mein vaalmeeki ko brahma ka pratham avataar kaha gaya hai.

parampara mein maharshi vaalmeeki ko kulapati kaha gaya hai. kulapati us aashram pramukh ko kaha jaata tha jinke aashram mein shishyon ke aavaas, bhojan, vastr, shiksha aadi ka prabandh hota tha. vaalmeeki ka aashram ganga nadi ke nikat bahne waali tamasa nadi ke kinaare par sthit tha.

vaalmeeki ka naam vaalmeeki kaise pada iski ek rochak katha hai. vaalmeeki ne poori tarah Bhagwan se lau lagaai aur ishvar mein talleen rahane lage. ek baar jab vah ghor tapasya mein leen the, unke samaadhisth shareer par deemakon ne apni baambiyaan bana leen. deemakon ki baambiyon ko sanskrut mein vaalmeek kaha jaata hai. lekin vaalmeeki ko iska aabhaas tak naheen hua aur vah tapasya mein magan rahe aur usi avastha mein aatmajnyaaani ho gaye. aakhirkaar, aakaashavaani hui, 'tumane ishvar ke darshan kar liye hain. tumhein to iska gyaan tak naheen hai ki deemakon ne tumhaari deh par apni baambiyaan bana li hain. tumhaari tapasya poorn hui. ab se tumhein sansaar mein vaalmeeki ke naam se jaana jaaega.

^[4]

Bhagwan vaalmeeki ke jeevan mein do mahatvapoorn ghatnaaen huin jinhonne na keval unke antarman ko hila kar rakh diya balki ye raamaayan ke aavirbhaav aur raamaayan ke antim kaand uttarand ki aadhaarashila bani.

pehli ghatna is prakaar hai. ek baar subah ke snaan ke liye vaalmeeki tamasa nadi ki or ja rahe the, saath mein unke pramukh shishya bharadvaaj bhi the. unhonne nadi ke kinaare kaamarat kraunch (saaras ) pakshi ka ek joda dekha. tabhi vahaan ek shikaari aaya aur kaamakreedaarat jode mein se nar pakshi ko baan se maar giraaya. akasmaat hue is haadase se akeli pad gayi maada vichhoh na sah saki aur bhoomi par pade apne nar ke chaaron taraf ghoom-ghoom kar vilaap karne aur antat: apne praan tyaag diye. is hrudayavidaarak drushya ko dekh kar abhibhoot vaalmeeki ke mukh se yeh shlok uchchaarit hua:-

ma nishaad pratishthaan tvamagamaa: shaashvatee: sabhaa:.

yatkraunchamithunaadekamavadhi kaamamohitm..

(va. raama. baalakaand, sanrg 2 shlok 15)

iska arth hai, nishaad (vyaadh ya shikaari) ko maano shraap dete hue vaalmeeki ne kaha, 'are! O shikaari, toone kaamamohit kraunch jode mein se ek ko maar daala, ja tujhe kabhi chain naheen milega.' isi shlok ke garbh se raamaayan mahaakaavya ki rachana nikli. hua yeh ki vaalmeeki udveg mein ukt shlok to bol gaye, lekin vaidik mantron ko sunane tatha bolne ke abhyast vah sochane lage ki unke munh se yeh kya nikal gaya? unhonne apne shishya bharadvaaj se kaha, 'mere shokaakul hrudaya se jo sahasa shabdon mein abhivyakt hua hai, usamein chaar charan hain, har charan mein akshar baraabar sankhya mein hain aur unamein maano mantra ki laya goonj rahi hai. arthaat ise gaaya ja sakta hai.

lekin, bharadvaaj se apni baat kehne ke baad bhi vaalmeeki ka manomanthan chalta raha aur vah usi mein talleen the ki brahma ji unke paas aae aur unase kaha, yeh anushtap chhand mein shlok hai aur unase anurodh kiya vah isi chhand mein Ram-katha likhein.

bhagavaan vaalmeeki ji treta yug ke tirkaaladarshi rishi the aur apne ant:chakshuon tatha baahya chakshuon se Ram ke vanagaman se raavan ka vadh kar seeta ko saath le ayodhya vaapas aane tak leela dekh chuke the. falasvaroop unhonne raamaayan rachi aur uske maadhyam se sanskruti, maryaada va jeevanapaddhati ko gadha. aur, is tarah Bhagwan vaalmeeki pehle aadi kavi bhi bane.

Bhagwan vaalmeeki ke jeevan mein doosari mahatvapoorn ghatna tab ghati jab lokaninda ke dar se Ram ne garbhavati seeta ko tyaag diya aur Ram ke aadesh par Lakshman unhein tamasa nadi ke kinaare chhod aae. nadi ke kinaare asahaaya baithi seeta ka rona ruk hi naheen raha tha. unki is haalat ki soochana muni-kumaaron ke jriye vaalmeeki tak pahunchi. vah swayam tat par pahunche aur vikl-behaal seeta ko dekha. vah apne divya chakshuon se poori ghatna ko jaan chuke the. unka pitrutv jaaga aur unhonne vaatsalya se seeta ke sir par haath fera aur aashvaasan diya ki vah putreevat unke aashram mein aakar rahein. seeta chupachaap unke saath chal kar aashram pahunchi aur rahane lageen. samay aane par seeta ne do putron love aur kush ko janm diya. in putron ki shiksha-deeksha sambhaali vaalmeeki ne aur unhein na keval shastr aur shaastr vidyaaon mein nipun banaaya, balki Ram-raavan yuddh aur baad mein seeta ke saath ayodhya vaapasi, seeta ke vanavaas aur seeta ke putron ke janm tak poori raamaayan kanthasth kara di. yahi naheen seeta ke aashram aagaman ke baad unhonne raamaayan ko aage likhna bhi shuroo kar diya aur is khand ko naam diya uttarakaand.

jab Ram ne raajasooya yagya shuroo kiya to yagya ka ghoda vaalmeeki ke aashram sthal se bhi gujra. jis ghode ko tab tak koi raaja naheen rok saka tha, use love-kush ne roka aur uske saath chal rahe Lakshman tatha hanumaan bhi unase mukaabala naheen kar sake. vaapas hokar Lakshman aur hanumaan ne in do rishi veshadhaari kumaaron ke saahas ki katha Ram ko sunaai. jijnyaaasa vash Ram ne unhein apne darbaar mein bulaaya aur parichay poochha. vaalmeeki ke saath darbaar mein pahunche love-kush ne, vaalmeeki ke aadesh ko maanate hue, apna parichay unke (vaalmeeki ke) shishyon ke roop diya aur seeta ke parityaag tak poori Ram katha unhein gaakar sunaai. swayam vaalmeeki ne seeta ki shuchita (pavitrata) ki ghoshana ki aur Ram se kaha ki unhonne hajaaron varsh tak gahan tapasya ki hai aur yadi mithileshakumaari seeta mein koi bhi dosh ho unhein us tapasya ka fal na mile.

iske baad Ram ne seeta se laut aane va raajamahal mein rahane ki praarthana ki. lekin seeta ne vikl hokar dharati maata se unki god mein panaah dene ki guhaar lagaai aur usamein sama gain.

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