thumari
| Bhaarat ka sangeet | |
|---|---|
| shaastreeya sangeet | |
| Karnataka sangeet | |
| sangeetakaar | |
| purendr das | |
| trimoorti | |
| tyaagaraaj | |
| mutthusvaami deekshitaar | |
| shyaam shaastri | |
| veinkat kavi | |
| svaathi thiroonal Ram varma | |
| Mysore sadaashiv Rao | |
| patanam subramaniya ayyar | |
| poochi shreenivaas ayangaar | |
| paapanaasham shivn | |
| gaayak-gaayika | |
| M.S. subalakshami | |
| hindustaani sangeet | |
| aadhunik sangeet | |
| filmi sangeet | |
| Bhaarat ka lokasangeet | |
| avadhaaranaaeain | |
| shruti | |
| raag | |
| melakarta | |
| saankhya | |
| svar | |
| taal | |
| mudra |
thumari bhaarateeya shaastreeya sangeet ki ek gaayan shaili hai. ismein ras, rang aur bhaav ki pradhaanata hoti hai. arthaat jismein raag ki shuddhata ki tulana mein bhaav saundarya ko jyaada mahatvapoorn maana jaata hai.[1] yeh vividh bhaavon ko prakat karne waali shaili hai jismein shrrungaar ras ki pradhaanata hoti hai saath hi yeh raagon ke mishran ki shaili bhi hai jismein ek raag se doosare raag mein gaman ki bhi chhoot hoti hai aur ranjakata tatha bhaavaabhivyakti iska mool mantavya hota hai. isi vajh se ise ardh-shaastreeya gaayan ke antargat rakha jaata hai.
anukram
utpatti
thumari ki utpatti Lucknow ke navaab vaajid Ali shaah ke darbaar se maani jaati hai.[1] jabki kuchh logon ka maanana hai ki unhonne ise maatr prashraya diya aur unke darbaar mein thumari gaayan nai ooainchaaiyon tak pahuaincha kyonki ve khud 'Akhtar piya' ke naam se thumariyon ki rachana karte aur gaate the.[2] haalaaainki ise moolat: braj shaili ki rachana maana jaata hai aur iski adaakaari ke aadhaar par pun: poorabi ang ki thumari aur punjabi ang ki thumari mein baaainta jaata hai[3] poorabi ang ki thumari ke bhi do roop Lucknow aur banaaras ki thumari ke roop mein prachalit hain.
praaroop
thumari ki bandish chhoti hoti hai aur shrrungaar ras pradhaan hoti hai. bhakti bhaav se anusyoot thumariyon mein bhi bahudha raadha-Krishna ke premaakhyaan se vishay uthaaye jaate hain. thumari mein prayukt hone vaale raag bhi chapal pravrutti ke hote hain jaise: khamaaj, bhairavi, tilk kaamod, tilang, peeloo, kaafi, jhinjhoti, jogiya ityaadi.[1] thumari saamaanyat: chhoti lambaai (kam maatra) vaale taalon mein gaai jaati hain jinmein kaharava, daadara, aur jhapataal pramukh hain. iske aalaava deepachandi aur jatataal ka thumari mein kaafi prachalan hai.[1] raag ki tarah hi is vidha mein ek taal se doosare taal mein jaane ki chhoot bhi hoti hai.
vartamaan sthiti
vartamaan samay mein is vidha ki or roochi ke kam hone ka kaaran shaastreeya gaayan hi mein roochi ka hraas hai. banaaras ke jaane-maane thumari gaayak pan॰ chhannoolaal mishr ki maanein to ab thumari gaane vaale kam ho gaye hain aur banaaras gharaane ki gaayaki ki is vidha ko seekhane-sikhaane ka daur mand pad gaya hai.[4] vaheen doosari or prayog ke taur kuchh logon dvaara vartamaan samay mein thumari ko pashchimi sangeet ke saath jod kar thumari ke paaramparik vaadyon, tabala, haaramoniym, saarangi aur dholak ke alaava ismein drams, vauyalin, ki-board aur gitaar ke saath afreeki drum jembe, cheeni baansuri aur orgenik ki-board piyaanika ka istemaal bhi istemaal kiya ja raha hai.[5]
sandarbh
- ↑ a aa i E shreevaastav, harishchandr. "5" (hindi mein). raag parichay. Allahabad: sangeet sadan prakaashan. pp. 91.
- ↑ "Lucknow ki thumari aur thumari ki 'begam'". amar ujaala. 10. http://www.lucknow.amarujala.com/news/shahar-nama-lkw/lucknow-thumri-and-begum-akhtar/. abhigman tithi: 2014.
- ↑ thumari shaili ki utpatti evam vikaas
- ↑ "lupt na ho jaae banaaras gharaane ki thumari". amar ujaala hindi dainik. 06. http://www.amarujala.com/news/states/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/Varanasi-118463-140/.
- ↑ "baar laaunj ke liye thumari ka naya rang" (hindi mein) (lekh). daayache vele. 23. http://www.dw.de/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F-%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97/a-15904799. abhigman tithi: 2014.