thos
thos (solid) padaarth ki ek avastha hai, jiski pehchaan padaarth ki sanrachanaatmak drudhta aur vikruti (aakaar, aayatan aur svaroop mein parivartan) ke prati pratyaksh avarodh ke gun ke aadhaar par ki jaati hai. thos padaarthon mein uchch
anukram
thos ke abhilkshan
thos avastha ke abhilkshanik gunadharm ninnalikhit hain.
- ve nishchit dravyamaan, aayatan evam aakaar ke hote hain.
- antaraaaanvik dooriyaaain laghu hoti hain.
- antaraaaanvik bal prabal hote hain.
- unke avayavi kanon (paramaanuon, anuon athva aayanon) ki sthitiyaaain nishchit hoti hain aur yeh kan keval apni maadhya sthitiyon ke chaaron or dolan kar sakte hain.
- ve asanpeedya aur kathor hote hain.[1]
thos ke prakaar
thos ka vargeekaran anek aadhaaron par kiya gaya hai.
avayavi kanon ki vyavastha mein upasthit kram ki prakruti ke aadhaar par
thoson ko unke avayavi kanon ki vyavastha mein upasthit kram ki prakruti ke aadhaar par kristaleeya aur akristaleeya mein vargeekrut kiya jaata hai.
kristaleeya
dekhein mukhya lekh kristaleeya thos
kristaleeya thos saadhaaranat : laghu kristalon ki atyadhik sankhya se bana hota hai, unamein pratyek ka nishchit jyaamitiya aakaar hota hai. kristal mein paramaaguon, aguon athva aayanon ka kram suvyavasthit hota hai. ismein deergh paraasi vyavastha hoti hai arthaat kanon ki vyavasthaaka khaas paitarn hota hai jiski nischit kram se punaraavrutti hoti hai. kristaleeya thoso ka galanaank nishchit hota hai. kristaleeya thos vishmadaishik prakruti ke hote hain arthaat unke kuchh bhautik gun jaise vidyuteeya pratirodhakata aur apavartanaank ek hi kristal mein bhin-bhin dishaaon mein maapane par bhin-bhin maan pradarshit karte hain. yeh alag- alag dishaaon mein kanon ki bhin vyavastha se utpann hota hai. bhin-bhin dishaaon mein kanon ki vyavastha alag hone par ek hi bhautik gun ka maan pratyek disha mein bhin paaya jaata hai.[2] udaaharan-
akristaleeya
akristaleeya thos asamaan aakruti ke kanon se bane hote hain. in thoson mein avayavi kanon paramaaguon, anuon athva aayanon ki vyavastha keval laghu paraasi hoti hai. is vyavastha mein niyamit aur aavarti paitarn keval alp dooriyon tak dekha jaata hai. akristaleeya thoson ki sanrachana dravon ke sadrush hoti hain. akristaleeya thos taap ke ek nishchit paraas par naram ho jaate hain aur galaakar saaainche mein dhaale ja sakte hain aur inse vibhin aakrutiyaaain banaai ja sakti hain, yahi kaaran hai, ki ise atisheetit drav kaha jaata hai. garm karne par kisi ek taapamaan par ve kristaleeya ban jaate hain. akristaleeya thoson ki prakruti samadaishik hoti hai kyonki bhin-bhin dishaaon mein unamein deergh paraasi vyavastha naheen hoti aur sabhi dishaaon mein aniyamit vinyaas hota hai. at kanon ki bhinn-bhinn kon se bhi bhautik gun ka maan samaan hota hai.[4] udaaharan - kaaainch, rabar, plastic aadi. akristaleeya thoson ke hamaare dainik jeevan mein anek anuprayog hain. akristaleeya silikn soorya ke prakaash ka vidyut mein roopaantaran karne ke liye prayukt kiya jaata hai.
bahulak
mrutkala
mishran
jaiv-padaarth
arddhachaalak
rasaayanik vishleshan
thos ka rasaayan
akaarbanik
kaarbanik
thos-taral rasaayan
sukshm-takaneek
anuprayog
bhautik gun
ilektaunik
optikl
daaya-ilektrik
yaantriki
ushmeeya-yaantriki
vidyut-yaantriki
ushmeeya-vaidyutiki
inhein bhi dekhein
sandarbh
- ↑ rasaayanashaastr, bhaag-1, (kaksha 12), enaseeiaarati, nai Delhi, prushth-2
- ↑ rasaayanashaastr, bhaag-1, (kaksha 12), enaseeiaarati, nai Delhi, prushth-2-3
- ↑ rasaayanashaastr, bhaag-1, (kaksha 12), enaseeiaarati, nai Delhi, prushth-4
- ↑ rasaayanashaastr, bhaag-1, (kaksha 12), enaseeiaarati, nai Delhi, prushth-2-3