teerthankar

jain dharm mein teerthankar (arihant, jinendr) un 24 vyaktiyon ke liye prayog kiya jaata hai, jo swayam tap ke maadhyam se aatmajnyaaan (keval gyaan) praapt karte hai. jo sansaar saagar se paar lagaane vaale teerth ki rachana karte hai, vah teerthankar kahalaate hain. teerthankar vah vyakti hain jinhonein poori tarah se krodh, abhimaan, chhal, ichha, aadi par vijay praapt ki ho). teerthankar ko is naam se kaha jaata hai kyonki ve "teerth" (paayaab), ek jain samudaaya ke sansthaapak hain, jo "paayaab" ke roop mein "maanav kasht ki nadi" ko paar karaata hai.

teerthankar ka divya samovasharan

aatmajnyaaan praapt karne ke baad, ek teerthankar doosaron ko aatmajnyaaan ka path dikhaata hai. jain siddhaanton ka nirmaan teerthankar ke dhaarmik shikshan se hua hai. sabhi teerthankaron ki aantarik gyaan sahi hai aur har sambandh mein samaan hai, kyonki ek teerthankar ki shikshaaen kisi doosare ki virodhaabhaasi me naheen hai. lekin us avadhi ke manushyon ki pavitrata aur aadhyaatmik unnati ke anusaar vistaar ke star me vibhinnata hai. jitni aadhyaatmik unnati aur man ki pavitrata hai, utani hi vistaar ki aavashyakta kam hai.

apne maanav jeevan ki ant-avadhi mein ek teerthankar mukti ('moksh' ya 'nirvaan') ko praapt karte hai, jo anant janm aur mrutyu ke chakr ko samaapt karta hai.

jain dharm ke anusaar samay ka aadi ya ant naheen hai. vah ek gaadi ke pahiye ke samaan chalta hai. hamaare vartamaan yug ke pehle anant sankhya me samay chakr hue hai aur is yug ke baad bhi anant sankhya me samay chakr hongein. ikkeesavi sadi ke aarambh mein, ham vartamaan ardh chakr ke paanchavein daur mein lagbhag 2,530 vein varsh mein hain.

brahmaand ke is bhaag mein samay ke pratyek ardh chakr mein chaubees (pratyek poore chakr mein adtaalees) teerthankar janm lete hain. hamaare vartamaan mein (utarate) samay ke ardh chakr mein, pehle teerthankar rishabh Dave arabon varsh pehle rahe aur teesare yug ki samaapti ki or moksh praapti ki. chaubeesavein aur antim teerthankar mahaaveer svaami (599-527 isa poorv) the, jinka astitv ek aitihaasik tathya sveekaar kar liya gaya hai.

hamaare bhaag vaale brahmaand mein agale teerthankar ka janm samay ke agale (chadhte) ardh chakr ke teesare yug ke aarambh mein, lagbhag 82,500 varsh mein hoga.

jaise teerthankar aatmajnyaaan ke liye hamein nirdeshit karte hain, jain mandiron mein unki moortiyon ki pooja aatmajnyaaan praapt karne ke ichhuk jainiyon dvaara ki jaati hai. teerthankar ishvar ya devata naheen hain. jain dharm ek nirmaata ke roop mein ishvar ke astitv par vishvaas naheen karta, balki yeh maanata hai ki praaniyon ke roop mein devata, manushyon se shreshth hai lekin, fir bhi, poori tarah se prabuddh naheen hai.

sabse mool jain mantr, namokaar mantra mein panch parameshthiyon mein sarvapratham arihanton ko namaskaar kiya gaya hai. siddh paramaatma hain lekin arihant Bhagwan lok ke param upakaarak hain, isliye inhein sarvottam kaha gaya hai. ek mein ek hi arihant janm lete hain. jain aagamon ko arhat dvaara bhaashit kaha gaya hai. arihant kevali aur sarvajnya hote hain. aghaatiya karmon ka naash hone par keval gyaan dvaara ve samast padaarthon ko jaante hain isliye unhein 'kevali' kaha hai. sarvajnya bhi use hi kehte hain.

jis karm ke bandh se teerthankar pad ki praapti hoti hai, use naamakarm kehte hai. jain granthon ke anusaar nimnalikhit solah bhaavanaaen teerthankar naamakarm ke aasrav ka kaaran hai:^[1]-

• 1. darshan vishuddhi
• 2. vinaya sampatrata
• 3. sheel aur vraton mein anatichaar
• 4. nirntar jnyaaanopayog
• 5. saveing arthaat sansaar se bhayabheet hona
• 6-7. shakti ke anusaar tyaag aur tap karna
• 8. saadhusamaadhi
• 9. vaiyaavrutti karna
• 10.- 13. arihnt aachaarya-bahushrut (upaadhyaaya) aur pravachan (shaastr) ke prati bhakti
• 14. aavayashak mein haani na karna
• 15. maarg prabhaavana
• 16. pravachan vaatsalya

vartamaan avasarpini kaal ke 24 teerthankar

british sangrahaalaya mein teerthankar.

moortiyaaain, chhaviyaaain, aadi sahit, vibhinn roopon ke chitran mein, teerthankaron ka pratinidhitv sada unke pair saamane paar aaseen, ek pair ki ungaliyon dusare ke ghutne ke paas aur daahina haath baain ke oopar god mein hota hai. keval do ka pratinidhitv alag dhng se hai: paarshvanaath, tebeesvein, jinke oopar saanpon ki chhatari hai aur supaarshvanaath, saatavein, jinka chitran digmbar saanp-chhatariyon ke ek chhote samooh ke saath karte hain.

digmbaron ka abhyaavedan bilkul nagn hai, jabki shvetaambaron ka vaastrit evam mukut aur aabhooshanon ke saath sajit hai. apne parichr yaksh aur yakshini, saath hi unke sinhaasan ke takiye par nakkaasheedaar unase sambandhit chinh (pehchaan) ke dvaara ve abhyaavedan mein ek doosare se aur bhi vishisht hain.

do ke alaava sabhi jain ikshvaaku parivaar (ya kula ya kul, jiska arth sanskrut mein "hrudayik samudaaya" ya "ichhaanuroop/chunit samudaaya/parivaar") se sambandhit hai. munisuvrat, beesaveen aur neminaath, baaisaveen, harivansh vansh ke the.

rishabh ke alaava sabhi nein apne mool sthaanon par deeksha (Abhishek) aur gyaan (poorn aatmajnyaaan) praapt kiya tha. rishbh purimtal, nemi mein girnaar par ek kevalin bane aur mahaaveer rijupaluk nadi par. bees teerthankaron ne samet shikhar par mrutyu ya moksh (paramaanand mein uddhaar) praapt kiya. haalaanki rishabh, pratham, ne himaalaya ke kailaash parvat par nirvaan praapt kiya; vaasupoojya ka dehaant uttar Bengal mein champaapuri mein hua; neminaath girnaar parvat par aur mahaaveer, antim, paavaapur, par.

kaha jaata hai ki ikkees teerthakaron ko kaayotsarg mudra mein moksh praapt hua; rishbh, nemi aur mahaaveer ko padmaasan(kamal sinhaasan) par.

pratyek teerthankar ka sankshep varnan neeche diya gaya hain:

• jaya jinendr
• jain dharm mein Bhagwan

• jain, vijay Kumar (2011), aachaarya umaasvaami tattavaarthasootr, Vikalp Printers, aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 978-81-903639-2-1, https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zLmx9bvtglkC

• www.jainaworld.com
• www.jainsamaj.org
• teerthankar jaankaari
• bhaarateeya jain milan