tangastan
| tangastan / Tungsten raasaayanik tatv |
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| raasaayanik chinh: | W |
| parmaanu sankhya: | 74 |
| raasaayanik shrunkhala: | sankraman dhaatu |
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| anya bhaashaaon mein naam: | Tungsten (angreji) |
tangastan (Tungsten) athva volfraam (Wolfram) aavart saarani ke chhathe antarvarti samooh (transition group) ka tatv hai. praakrutik avastha mein iske paaainch sthaayi samasthaanik paae jaate hain, jinki dravyamaan sankhyaaeain 180, 182, 183, 184 tatha 186 hain. inke atirikt 181, 185 tatha 187 dravyamaan sankhyaaon ke rediydharmi samasthaanik krutrim saadhanon dvaara nirmit hue hain.
18vi shataabdi tak tangastan ke ayask tin ke hi yaugik maane jaate the. san 1781 mein shele (Scheele) naamak vaigyaanik ne yeh siddh kiya ki iske ayask mein naveen aml vartamaan hai, jise usane tangstik aml kaha. iske baad dhaatu dvaara is aml ke nirmaan ki bhi pushti hui. is tatv ke do mukhya ayask hain : sheelaait (Scheelite) aur volframaait (Wolframite). sheelaait ayask mein pradhaanat:- kailsiym tangstet, (Ca WO4), rahata hai aur volfremaait mein lauh tatha mainganeej tangstet, (FeWO4. Mn WO4), ka sanmishran rahata hai. tangstan ke mukhya utpaadak barma, cheen, Japan, boliviya, sanyukt raajya America aur Australia hain.
tangstan ayask ko saandrit kar sodiym kaarbonet, (Na2CO3), se milaakar paraavartan bhraashtr mein lagbhag 1,0000 sein0 tak garam karte hain. is kriya dvaara sodiym tangstet, (Na2WO4), banta hai or lauh, mainganeej aadi apne kaarvoneton mein parint ho jaate hain. sodiym tangstet garam paani mein vileya hai aur is prakaar sammishran se alag ho sakta hai. tatpashchaat ubalate haaidroklorik aml, haaklo (HCl), ki kriya dvaara tangstik aml avakshepit ho jaata hai, jise sukhaakar dahan karne par peele rang ka tangstan oksaaid, (WO2), milta hai. haaidrojan dvaara oksaaid ke avakaran se tangstan dhaatu taiyaar hoti hai.
gunadharm
tangstan ghoomil shvet rang ki dhaatu hai. iske bhautik gun nirmaan ki vidhi par nirbhar karte hain. kuchh bhautik gunaadharm nimnalikhit hain :
sanket (W),
parmaanu sankhya 74
parmaanu bhaar 183.85
galanaank (M.P.) 3,380 sein0
kathanaank (B.P.) 5,930 sein
ghanatv 19.32 gram pati ghan seinmee0
paramaanuvyaas 2.28 engastraam
tangstan dhaatu hava mein garam karne par aprabhaavit rahati hai. khanij amlon tatha amlaraaj ka usapar koi prabhaav naheen hota. keval saandr naaitrik aml evam haaidrofalorik aml ke mishran mein tangstan vileya hai. kshaar ke vilay dvaara us par koi abhikriya naheen hoti, parantu sangalit kshaar mein vah vileya hai.
tangstan mein bahusanyojakata ka gun hai. uske yogik 3,4,5, evam 6 sanyojakata mein praapya hain. iske atirikt tangstan ke anek savargeeya yaugik (co ordination compounds), milte hain.
upayog
bijli ke balbon ke tantuon mein tangstan ka bahut upayog hota hai. doosari dhaatuon mein milaane par unki kathorata badh jaati hai, jis kaaran tangstan ka upayog kaatne ke aujaar, shalyachikitsa ke yantr aadi ki mishradhaatuon mein hota hai, kyonki ye mishradhaatueain aml, kshaar aadi se prabhaavit naheen hoteen. eksare upakaran, tharmaayanik vaalb, bijli ke jod aadi mein tangstan ka upayog ho raha hai. tangstan mishrit ispaat bahut se vishesh kaaryon mein upayogi siddh hua hai. is kaaran ispaat udyog mein iska upayog bahutaayat se hota hai. tangstan ispaat ke purje bahut kathor, tikaaoo tatha na ghisnevaale hote hain.