tahareer chauk

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1958 mein tahareer chauk
omar makaram masjid ke paas, omar makaram ki moorti — tahareer chauk, kaahira

tahareer chauk (arabi: مaaيaaدaaاaaن اaaلaaتaaحaaرaaيaaر‎ Mīadāan at-Taḥarīar, IPA: [meˈaadæaaːaan ettæaaħaaˈaaɾaaiːaaɾ], angreji: Liberation Square, hindi: mukti/aajaad chauk jo ki liberation skvaaer (balidaani chauraaha) ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai, misr ki rajdhani kaahira mein sthit shahar ka ek bahut bada chauraaha hai. yeh kaahira mein raajaneetik pradarshanon va kraaaintiyon ka mukhya kendra hai. yaheen par 2011 mein raashtrapati hosni mubaarak ke khilaaf vidroh va unka satta se nirvaasan, aur misr mein sainya takhtaapalat 2013 hua. yeh chauraaha in kraantiyon ka pramukh kendra va gavaah raha.

anukram

itihaas

yeh chauraaha shuruvaat mein unneesaveen shataabdi ke misr ke shaashak khediv ismaail ke naam par ismaailiya chauk (مaaيaaدaaاaaن اaaلaaأaaسaaمaaاaaعaaيaaلaaيaaّaaة Mīadāan al-Ismā'īaaliyyah) ke naam se jaana jaata tha. unhonne hi shahar ke naye jile ki sanrachana neel nadi par peris ko adhikrut kiya tha. 1919 mein misr ki kraanti ke baad se iska naam tahareer chauk (ajaad chauk) pad gaya. ise bade paimaane par tahareer chauk ke naam se jaana jaane laga, lekin aadhikaarik taur se iska naam 1952 ki misr ki kraanti hone tak naheen badla. 1952 ki misr ki kraanti ne misr ko ek lokataantrik saamraajya se badalkar taanaashaahi ganaraajya mein badal diya. yeh chauraaha 2011 ki misr ki kraanti ka mukhya kendra tha.[1]

talaat harb maarg ke uttar pashchim ki or, raat mein tahareer chauk ka najaara

visheshataaऍn

mogamma attaalika se dakshin ki or omar Akram ki moorti

tahareer chauk ke madhya mein ek ati vyast yaataayaat paripth hai. iske poorvottar ki or ek aur chauk hai jahaaain raashtra naayak omar makaram ki moorti hai. jinhein 1807 mein nepoliyn ke misr par aakraman ke samay dikhaaye gaye adamya saahas ke liye jaana jaata hai. uske paas mein hi omar makaram masjid hai.[2]

yeh chauraaha prasiddh kausar al ऍn maarg (angreji: Qasr al-Ayn Street) ka uttari ant hai, talaat harb maarg ka pashchimi ant hai aur kausar elneel maarg (angreji: Qasr el-Nil Street) ke raaste dakshini bhaag ko jaate hue seedhe kausar al-neel pul aata hai jo neel nadi ke upar bana hai.

tahareer chauk ke aaspaas misr ka sangrahaalaya, house of fokalor, naishanal demokraitik party-enadeepi ka mukhyaalaya, moggama ka sarkaari bhavan, arab league ka mukhyaalaya ka bhavan, neel hotel, kausar L dobaara isaai girijaaghar aur ameriki vishvaviddaalaya (kaahira) ka parisar hai.

kaahira metro tahareer chauk par sadaat station se chalti hai, jo ki shahar ke vyaapaarik kshetr mein metro pranaali ke do relamaargon ka sangam hai. yeh ise geeja, maadi, helavaan va kaahira ke doosare jilon se jodata hai. iske bhoomigat maarg (sab ve) chauraahe ki vyast sadakon ko paidal chalakar paar karne vaale logon ko surakshit raasta muhaiya karaate hain.

saarvajanik prayog va pradarshan

1977 mein misr ke khaadd dangon (angreji: Egyptian bread riots) se lekar March 2003 mein Iraq ke khilaaf ameriki yuddh ke khilaaf pradarshanon tak tahareer chauk varshon se tamaam saarvajanik va raajaneetik pradashanon ka paramparaagat kendra bindu raha hai.[3]

2011 mein hui misr ki kraanti

mukhya lekh : 2011 mein hui misr ki kraanti
2011 mein misr ki kraanti ke dauraan tahareer chauk par sena ke vaahan par chadhe hue pradarshanakaari


tahareer chauk 2011 mein misr ke poorv raashtrapati hosni mubaarak ke khilaaf hue pradarshanon ka kendra sthal tha.[4] lagbhag 50 hajaar pradarshanakaariyon ne pehle 25 January ko chauk par kabja kar liya jiske dauraan betaar sanpreshan pranaali (angreji: wireless service) kharaab hone ki soochana I.[5] aane vaale dinon mein bhi tahareer chauk is aandolan ka pramukh kendra bana raha..[6] 29 January ko misr ke ladaakoo vimaanon ne pradarshanakaariyon ke upar udaan bhari, lekin pradarshanakaariyon ka hausala badhata hi gaya. media mein khabaron ke anusaar 30 January tak pradarshanakaariyon ki sankhya 1 lakh tak pahunch gayi thi.,[7]31 January ko al jjeera ke patrakaaron ne khabar di ki pradarshanakaariyon ki sankhya dhaai lakh tak pahunch gayi hai..[8] 1 February ko yeh sankhya 10 lakh ko paar kar gayi. haalaunki kuchh media samoohon dvaara itni bhaari sankhya mein logo ke jutne ki khabaron ko raajanaitik kaaranon se badha chadha kar pesh kiya gaya hua maana gaya. stretafaur ke anusandhaan ke anusaar pradarshanakaariyon ki sankhya kabhi bhi 3 lakh se jyaada naheen hui.[9][10] haalaunki yeh sankhya bhi satta ke khilaaf pradarshanakaariyon me vyaapt asantosh ko darshaane ke liye paryaapt thi.

9 February 2011 ko tahareer chauk par juti logon ki bheed

tahareer chauk misr ke lokatantr mein virodh pradarshanon ka kendra ke taur par sthaapit ho chuka tha. 2 February ko hosni mubaarak ke samarthakon aur virodhiyon ke beech hinsak jhadapein shuru ho gayi.[11] jiske baad 3 February ko shukravaar ki vidaai ke pradarshan hue. lagaataar hinsak ho rahe pradarshanon aur use vishv ke tamaam media samoohon se mil rahi antararaashtriya prativedana (riportig) ki vajah se tahareer chauk bahut jald vishv bhar mein prasiddh ho gaya.[12]


is kraanti ke dauraan "Tahrir Square" مaaيaaدaaاaaن اaaلaaتaaحaaرaaيaaر naamak ek Facebook prushth 20 logon ke ek samooh dvaara chaaloo rakha gaya jispar kraanti sanbandhit nirantar ho rahi gatividhiyon ki soochanaaऍn addatan hoti rahati thi taaki kraanti se judi khabaron ko logon tak panhuchaaya ja sake jo ki sarkaari press dvaara ya chhupaai ya dabaai ja sakti theen. [13]
10 February ko laakhon ki sankhya mein pradarshanakaari misr ki sansad ke saamane pahunch gaye.[14] chauk par kendrit pradarshanon ne misr ki senaaon ko 11 February ko mubaarak sarkaar ko apadasth karne ka ek mauka de diya tha jinhone aadhikaarik taur par apna tyaagapatr de diya.[15] nae uparaashtrapati omar sulemaan ne ghoshana ki ki mubaarak ne apne saare adhikaar sainya parishad ko saunp diye hain.[16] shaam ko hui is ghoshana ke baad tahareer chauk raat bhar chale jashn mein doob gaya. logon ne sir ooaincha rakho, tum misravaasi ho, jo bhi misr se pyaar karta hai, aage aae aur misr ko banaae jaise naare lagaae. agale din kaahira vaasi purush aur mahilaaeain tahareer chauk par fir ikaththa hue aur chauk ki safaai ki.[17]

kraanti ke baad

subah ke samay tahareer chauk ka najaara, November 2012

lokatantr ki vijay ke jashn va videshi mehamaanon va ganamaanya vyaktiyon ke lagaataar ho rahe aagamanon ki vajah se tahareer chauk 2011 mein hui misr ki kraanti ka prateek bana raha.[18][19] 2011 ki misr ki kraanti ke baad british pradhaanamantri David Cameroon, Cathrine eshtaun, yuropiya sangh ke videsh va raksha maamalon ke sheersh pratinidhi, America ki videsh mantri Hillary Clinton, America ki videshi maamalon ki sansadeeya samiti ke pramukh John keri, Australia ke videsh mantri kevin rud, ameriki film abhineta scene pen tahareer chauk painhuchane waali pramukh hastiyon me shumaar the.

ijraayal dvaara gaaja ki gheraabandi ko todane ke liye banaae gaye jahaaji bede (freedom flotila II) ke ek jahaaj ka naam isi chauk ke naam par tahareer rakha gaya. iske savaariyon me haareetj akhbaar ki sainvaadadaata ameera haus bhi theen. haalaaainki antat: yeh beda ravaana naheen ho saka.[20]

June 2013 mein hue virodh pradarshan

mukhya lekh : misr mein sainya takhtaapalat 2013

29 June 2013 ko tatkaaleen raashtrapati mohammad mursi ke tyaagapatr ki maang karte hue hajaaron ki sankhya me misr vaasi tahareer chauk par ikattha ho gaye. [21][22] vahaaain pradarshanakaariyon ne "log satta parivartan chaahate hain," ke naare lagaae.[23]
30 taareekh tak yeh sankhya hajaaron mein pahuainch gayi. kaahira mein 20 se adhik sthaanon par pradarshan ho rahe the. 3 July 2013 ko sena pramukh jnaral abdul ftah al-CC ne raashtrapati mohammad morsi ko hata diya aur lagaataar ho rahe pradarshanon ki vajah se misr ke samvidhaan ko nirast kar diya. morsi ke samarthakon, antararaashtriya biraadari va media ne ise sainya takhtaapalat ka naam diya.[24]

sandarbh

  1. ↑ vaitikiyoteej, paineiyotij J. (1997). the middle East: fraum the end of empaayar too the end of the kold vaar. rauutalej. pa॰ 194.
  2. ↑ "midaan al tahareer, libresan skvaayar (angreji mein)". tour ejipt. http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/midanaltahrir.htm.
  3. ↑ hel, betsi (19 June 2005). "ejipsiyn refaurmars teking it too the streets". pitsabarg tribyun rivyu. http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_345537.html.
  4. ↑ "'kaahira ke tahareer chauk par fir jhadpein". BBC samaachaar. 23 November 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/news/2011/11/111123_tahrir_demo_continues_vv.shtml. abhigman tithi: 23 November 2011.
  5. ↑ "ejipsiyns report pooar kamyunikesan sarvisej on de of aingar". almaasari alyoum. 25 January 2011. http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/egyptians-report-poor-communication-services-day-anger-1. abhigman tithi: 25 January 2011.
  6. ↑ "tahareer chauk par fir jute hajaaron log". BBC samaachaar. 22 November, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/news/2011/11/111122_egypt_protest_as.shtml. abhigman tithi: 22 November, 2011.
  7. ↑ "ejipt protestars step ap presar on hosni mubaarak". BBC samaachaar. 31 January 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12320959. abhigman tithi: 31 January 2011.
  8. ↑ "live blog 31/1— ejipt protests". al jjeera samaachaar. 31 January 2011. http://blogs.aljazeera.net/middle-east/2011/01/30/live-blog-311-egypt-protests. abhigman tithi: 31 January 2011.
  9. ↑ "gaujing the saaij of the ejipsiyn protests". stretafor. 31 January 2011. http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20110131-gauging-size-egyptian-protests. abhigman tithi: 14 June 2011.
  10. ↑ "update on the saaij of the protests in kaayaro". stretafaur. 1 February 2011. http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20110201-update-size-protests-cairo. abhigman tithi: 14 June 2011.
  11. ↑ "taareekh dar taareekh kya-kaise hua". BBC. 2 fravari, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/news/2011/02/110212_egypt_chrono_pa. abhigman tithi: 12 fravari, 2011.
  12. ↑ "baital of tahareer skvaaer". al jjeera samaachaar. 3 February 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/02/20112391254105223.html. abhigman tithi: 3 February 2011.
  13. ↑ faheem, kareem; L-naagar first3=liyaam, maana; staik; ou, Ed (8 February 2011). "imosans of A rilktaint hero gailvanaaij protestars". nyuyaurk taaims. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/09/world/middleeast/09ghonim.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Mona%20El-Nagger&st=cse. abhigman tithi: 9 February 2011.
  14. ↑ "misr mein sansad ke praveshadvaar par jute pradarshanakaari". BBC samaachaar. 10 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/news/2011/02/110209_egypt_latest_psa.shtml. abhigman tithi: 10 February 2011.
  15. ↑ "mubaarak ne diya isteefa, tahareer chauk par jashn". NDTV. 12 February 2011. http://khabar.ndtv.com/news/world/mubarak-army-330516?q=/news/world/news-330516. abhigman tithi: 12 February 2011.
  16. ↑ "misr mein mubaarak-baad ka jashn". BBC samaachaar. 12 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/news/2011/02/110211_hosni_resigns_vv.shtml. abhigman tithi: 21 February 2011.
  17. ↑ "ad half sauef: protestars riklem the spirit of ejipt". BBC samaachaar. 13 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12393795. abhigman tithi: 21 February 2011.
  18. ↑ "kaahira mein hajaaron logon ne raajaneetik rally mein hissa liya.". BBC samaachaar. 18 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12507217. abhigman tithi: 21 February 2011.
  19. ↑ "David Cameron met lokals eraaund tahareer skvaaer". BBC samaachaar. 21 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12525310. abhigman tithi: 21 February 2011.
  20. ↑ haus, ameera (31 January, 2011). "feeyar end no clean klothing: ameera haus pripeyaring too sel for gaaja - haareetj daily nyuj pepar | ijraayal news". Haaretz.com. http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/fear-and-no-clean-clothing-amira-hass-preparing-to-sail-for-gaza-1.369611. abhigman tithi: 28 December, 2011.
  21. ↑ BBC (2013-06-30). "misr mein mursi ke khilaaf bade pradarshan ki taiyaari". BBC samaachaar. http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/india/2013/06/130630_egypt_cairo_tahrir_us_uk_vt.
  22. ↑ "ejipt: BBC inasaaid tahareer skvaaer emid demonstresans". BBC samaachaar. 30 June, 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23116749.
  23. ↑ "tahareer skvaaer protestars sho president morsi the 'red card'". al arabiya. 30 June, 2013. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/06/30/Egypt-braces-for-June-30-rebellion-as-Mursi-marks-first-year-.html.
  24. ↑ BBC (2013-07-06). "takhtaapalat ke baad sulagata misr, 12 ki maut.". BBC samaachaar. http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/international/2013/07/130706_egypt_protest_update_ml.

inhein bhi dekhein

talaat harb maarg

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