soorya

soorya Sun symbol.svg
naasa ki saur gatividhi vedhashaala dvaara liya gaya 2010 mein liya gaya soorya ka ek chitr
avlokan aankade
pruthvi se
ausat doori 		1.496×108 ki.mi
8.317 mi. (499 se.) prakaash ki gati par
pratyaksh chamak (V) −26.74 [1]
vishuddh parimaan 4.85 [2]
spektral vargeekaran G2V
dhaatvikta Z = 0.0177 [3]
koneeya aakaar 31.6′ – 32.7′ [4]
visheshan saur
kaksheeya visheshataaen
milki ve kendra
se ausat doori 		~2.5×1017 ki.mi
26,000 prakaash varsh
aakaashagangeeya antaraal (2.25–2.50)×a108 A
veg ~220 km/s
(aakaashaganga ke kendra ki parikrama)
~20 km/s
(taarakeeya pados mein anya sitaaron ki ausat gati ke saapeksh)
bhautik gun
ausat vyaas 1.392×106 ki.mi [1]
109 × pruthvi
bhoomadhyeeya vyaas 6.955×105 ki.mi [5]
109 × pruthvi[5]
bhoomadhyeeya paridhi 4.379×106 ki.mi [5]
109 × pruthvi[5]
sapaatakaran 9×10−6
satahi kshetrafal 6.0877×1012 km2 [5]
11,990 × pruthvi[5]
aayatan 1.412×1018 km3 [5]
13,00,000 × pruthvi
dravyamaan 1.9891×1030 kg [1]
3,32,900 × Earth[5]
ausat ghanatv 1.408×103 kg/m3 [1][5][6]
vibhinn ghanatv kendra: 1.5×105 kg/m3
lower Photosphere: 2×10−4 kg/m3
lower Chromosphere: 5×10−6 kg/m3
Avg. Corona: 1×10−12 kg/m3 [7]
bhoomadhyeeya satahi gurutv 274 m/s2 [1]
27.94 g
28 × pruthvi[5]
palaayan veg
(satah se) 		617.7 km/s [5]
55 × pruthvi[5]
satah ka prabhaavi
taapamaan 		5,778 K [1]
korona ka
taapamaan 		~5×106 K
kendra ka
taapamaan 		~15.7×106 K [1]
chamak (Lsol) 3.846×1026 W [1]
~3.75×1028 lm
~98 lm/W efficacy
ausat chamak (Isol) 2.9×107 W•aam−2•asr−1
parikrama gun
Obliquity 7.25° [1]
(to the ecliptic)
67.23°
(to the galactic plane)
Right ascension
of North pole[8] 		286.13°
19h 4min 30s
Declination
of North pole 		+63.87°
63°a52' North
Sidereal Rotation period
(at 16° latitude) 		25.38 days [1]
25d 9h 7min 13s [8]
(bhoomadhya rekha par) 25.05 days [1]
(dhruvon par) 34.3 days [1]
ghoornan veg
(bhoomadhya rekha par) 		7.189×103 km/h [5]
fotosfiyr ke ghatak (bhaar anusaar)
haaidrojan 73.46%[9]
heeliym 24.85%
okseejan 0.77%
kaarban 0.29%
lauh 0.16%
gandhak 0.12%
niyaun 0.12%
naaitrojan 0.09%
silikaun 0.07%
maigneshiym 0.05%
yeh sandook:

soorya athva sooraj sauramandal ke kendra mein sthit ek taara jiske chaaron taraf pruthvi aur sauramandal ke anya avayav ghoomate hain. soorya hamaare saur mandal ka sabse bada pind hai aur usaka vyaas lagbhag 13 lakh 90 hajaar kilometer hai jo pruthvi se lagbhag 109 guna adhik hai.[10] oorja ka yeh shaktishaali bhandaar mukhya roop se haaidrojan aur heeliym gaison ka ek vishaal gola hai. parmaanu vilay ki prakriya dvaara soorya apne kendra mein oorja paida karta hai. soorya se nikli oorja ka chhota sa bhaag hi pruthvi par pahuainchata hai jismein se 15 pratishat antariksh mein paraavartit ho jaata hai, 30 pratishat paani ko bhaap banaane mein kaam aata hai aur bahut si oorja ped-paudhe samudra sokh lete hain.[11] iski majaboot gurutvaakarshan shakti vibhinn kakshaaon mein ghoomate hue pruthvi aur anya grahon ko iski taraf kheench kar rakhati hai.

soorya se pruthvi ki ausat doori lagbhag 14,96,00,000 kilometer ya 9,29,60,000 meal hai tatha soorya se pruthvi par prakaash ko aane mein 8.3 minute ka samay lagta hai. isi prakaasheeya oorja se prakaash-sanshleshan naamak ek mahatvapoorn jaiv-raasaayanik abhikriya hoti hai jo pruthvi par jeevan ka aadhaar hai. yeh pruthvi ke jalavaayu aur mausam ko prabhaavit karta hai. soorya ki satah ka nirmaan haaidrojan, hiliym, loha, nikel, okseejan, silikn, salfar, maignisiym, kaarban, niyon, kailsiym, kromiym tatvon se hua hai.[12] inmein se haaidrojan soorya ke satah ki maatra ka 74 % tatha hiliym 24 % hai.

is jalate hue gaiseeya pind ko dooradarshi yantr se dekhne par iski satah par chhote-bade dhabbe dikhlaai padte hain. inhein saur kalank kaha jaata hai. ye kalank apne sthaan se sarakate hue dikhaai padte hain. isse vaigyaaniko ne nishkarsh nikaala hai ki soorya poorab se pashchim ki or 27 dinon mein apne aksh par ek parikrama karta hai. jis prakaar pruthvi aur anya grah sooraj ki parikrama karte hain usi prakaar sooraj bhi aakaash ganga ke kendra ki parikrama karta hai. [[isko parikrama karanein mein 22 se 25 karod varsh lagte hain, ise ek nihaarika varsh bhi kehte hain. iske parikrama karne ki gati 251 kilometer prati second hai.

anukram

visheshataaeain

yeh video saur gatisheelata vedhashaalaEn ki chhaviyaan leta hai aur dhaanche ki drushyamaanata badhaane ke liye atirikt prakriyaaen laagoo karta hai. is video mein yeh prasang 25 sitmbar 2011 ki 24 ghanto ki gatividhi prastut karta hain.

soorya ek G-type mukhya anukram taara hai jo sauramandal ke kul dravyamaan ka lagbhag 99.86% samaavisht karta hai. kareeb nabbe laakhavein bhaag ke anumaanit chapatepan ke saath, yeh kareeb-kareeb golaakaar hai,[13] iska matlab hai ki iska dhruveeya vyaas iske bhoomadhyarekheeya vyaas se keval 10 kimi se alag hai.[14] jaisa ki soorya plaajma ka bana hain aur thos naheen hai, yeh apne dhruvon par ki apeksha apni bhoomadhya rekha par jyaada teji se ghoomta hai. yeh vyavahaar antareeya ghoornan ke roop mein jaana jaata hai aur soorya ke sanvahan evam kor se baahar ki or atyadhik taapamaan dhalaan ke kaaran padaarth ki aavaajaahi ki vajah se hua hai. yeh soorya ke vaamaavart koneeya sanveg ke ek bade hisse ka vahan karti hai, jaisa kraantivrutt ke uttari dhruv se dekha gaya aur is prakaar koneeya veg punarvitrit hota hai. is vaastavik ghoornan ki avadhi bhoomadhya rekha par lagbhag 25.6 din aur dhruvon mein 33.5 din ki hoti hai. haalaanki, soorya ki parikrama ke saath hi pruthvi ke saapeksh hamaari lagaataar badalti sthiti ke kaaran is taare ka apni bhoomadhya rekha par spasht ghoornan kareeban 28 dinon ka hai.[15] is dheemi gati ke ghoornan ka kendraapasaarak prabhaav soorya ki bhoomadhya rekha par ke satahi gurutvaakarshan se 1.8 karod guna kamjor hai. grahon ke jvaareeya prabhaav bhi kamjor hai aur soorya ke aakaar ko khaas prabhaavit naheen karte hai.[16]

soorya ek paupuleshan I ya bhaari tatv yukt sitaara hai.[17] soorya ka yeh gathan ek ya ek se adhik najadeeki suparanovaaon se nikli dhanushaakaar tarangon dvaara shuroo kiya gaya ho sakta hai.[18] aisa tathaakathit paupuleshan II (bhaari tatv-abhaav) sitaaron mein in tatvon ki bahutaayat ki apeksha, sauramandal mein bhaari tatvon ki uchch bahutaayat ne sujhaaya hai, jaise ki sona aur Uranium. ye tatv, kisi suparanova ke dauraan ooshmaashoshi naabhakeeya abhikriyaaon dvaara athva kisi doosari-peedhi ke viraat taare ke bheetar nyootraun avashoshan ke maadhyam se roopaantaran dvaara, utpaadit kiye gaye ho sakane ki sarvaadhik sanbhavana hai.[17]

soorya ki chattaani grahon ke maafik koi nishchit seema naheen hai. soorya ke baahari hisson mein gaison ka ghanatv uske kendra se badhti doori ke saath teji se girta hai.[19] baharahaal, iski ek supaaribhaashit aantarik sanrachana hai jo neeche varnit hai. soorya ki trijya ko iske kendra se lekar prabhaamandal ke kinaare tak maapa gaya hai. soorya ka baahya prabhaamandal drushyamaan antim parat hai. iske upar ki parate nagn aankhon ko dikhne laayak paryaapt prakaash utsarjit karne ke lihaaj se kaafi thandi ya kaafi patali hai.[20] ek poorn sooryagrahan ke dauraan, tathaapi, jab prabhaamandal ko chandrama dvaara chhipa liya gaya, iske chaaron or soorya ke korona ka aasaani se dekhna ho sakta hai.

soorya ka aantarik bhaag pratyaksh prekshaneeya naheen hai. soorya swayam hi vidyut chumbakeeya vikirn ke liye apaaradarshi hai. haalaanki, jis prakaar bhookamp vigyaan pruthvi ke aantarik gathan ko prakat karne ke liye bhookamp se utpann tarangon ka upayog karta hai, saur bhookamp vigyaan En ka niyam is taare ki aantarik sanrachana ko maapane aur drushtigochar banaane ke liye daab tarangon ( paraadhvani) ka istemaal karta hai.[21] iski gahari paraton ki khojabeen ke liye computer modelling bhi saiddhaantik aujaar ke roop mein prayukt hue hai.

kor

mukhya lekh : saur kor
soorya ka gathan

soorya ka kor iske kendra se lekar saur trijya ke lagbhag 20-25% tak vistaarit maana gaya hai.[22] iska ghanatv 150 gram/semi3 tak[23][24] (paani ke ghanatv ka lagbhag 150 guna) aur taapamaan 15.7 karod kelvin ke kareeb ka hai.[24] iske vipreet, soorya ki satah ka taapamaan lagbhag 5,800 kelvin hai. soho mission deta ke haal ke vishleshan vikirn kshetr ke baaki hisson ki tulana mein kor ke tej ghoornan dar ka paksh lete hai.[22] soorya ke adhikaansh jeevan mein, oorja p–p (protaun-protaun) shrrunkhalaEn kahalaane waali ek charanbaddh shrrunkhala ke maadhyam se naabhikeeya sanlayan dvaara utpaadit hui hai; yeh prakriya haaidrojan ko heeliym mein rupaantarit karti hai.[25] soorya ki utpaadit oorja ka maatr 0.8% CNO chakr En se aata hai.[26]

soorya mein kor akela aisa kshetr hai jo sanlayan ke maadhyam se taapeeya oorja ki ek badi raashi ka utpaadan karta hai; 99% shakti soorya ki trijya ke 24% ke bheetar utpann hui hai, tatha trijya ke 30% dvaara sanlayan lagbhag poori tarah se band kar diya gaya hai. is taare ka shesh us urja dvaara tapt hua hai jo kor se lekar sanvahani paraton ke theek baahar tak vikirn dvaara baahar ki or sthaanaantarit hui hai. kor mein sanlayan dvaara utpaadit oorja ko fir uttarottar kai paraton se hokar saur prabhaamandal tak yaatra karni hoti hai iske pehle ki vah soorya prakaash athva kanon ki gatij oorja ke roop mein antariksh mein palaayan karti hai.[27][28]

kor mein protaun-protaun shrrunkhala darek second 9.2×a1037 baar pai jaati hai. yeh abhikriya chaar mukt protaunon (haaidrojan naabhik) ka prayog karti hai, yeh har second kareeb 3.7×a1038 protaunon ko alfa kanon (heeliym naabhik) mein tabdeel karti hai (soorya ke kul ~8.9×a1056 mukt protaunon mein se), ya lagbhag 6.2× 1011 kilo prati second.[28] haaidrojan se heeliym sanlayan ke baad heeliym oorja ke roop mein sanlayit dravyamaan ka lagbhag 0.7% chhodti hai,[29] soorya 42.6 karod meetrik tan prati second ki dravyamaan-oorja roopaantaran dar par oorja chhodta hai, 384.6 yota vaat (3.846 × 1026 vaat),[1] ya 9.192× 1010 teeenati megaatanEn prati second. raashi oorja paida karne mein nasht naheen hui hai, balki yeh raashi baraabar ki itni hi oorja mein tabdeel hui hai tatha dhokar utsarjit hone ke liye door le jaai gayi, jaisa dravyamaan-oorja tulyata avadhaarana ka varnan hua hai.

kor mein sanlayan se shakti ka utpaadan saur kendra se doori ke saath badalta rahata hai. soorya ke kendra par, saiddhaantik modelon ke aakalan mein yeh takareeban 276.5 vaat/meter3 hona hai,[30]

jeevan chakr

mukhya lekh : saur mandal ka gathan aur vikaas aur taaron ka vikaas

soorya aaj sabse adhik sthir avastha mein apne jeevan ke kareeban aadhe raaste par hai | isame kai arab varshon se naatakeeya roop se koi badlaav naheen hua hai, aur aagaami kai varshon tak yooain hi aparivrtit bana rahega | haalaanki, ek sthir haaidrojan-dahan kaal ke pehle ka aur baad ka taara bilkul alag hota hai |[tathya vaanchhit]

soorya ka jeevan chakr

nirmaan

soorya ek vishaal aanavik baadal ke hisse ke dhahane se kareeb 4.57 arab varsh poorv gathit hua hai jo adhikaanshat: haaidrojan aur heeliym ka bana hai aur shaayad inhi ne kai anya taaron ko banaaya hai |[31] yeh aayu taarakeeya vikaas ke computer maudalo ke prayog aur nyookliyokosmokronolojiEn ke maadhyam se aakalit hui hai |[32] parinaam praacheenatam sauramandal saamagri ki rediyomeetrik tithi ke anuroop hai, 4.567 arab varsh |[33][34] praacheen ulkaapaaton ke adhyayan alpajeevi aaisotopo ke sthir naabhik ke nishaan dikhaate hai, jaise ki lauh-60, jo keval visfotit, alpajeevi taaron mein nirmit hota hai | yeh ingit karta hai ki vah sthaan jahaan par soorya bana ke najadeek ek ya ek se jyaada suparanova avashya paae jaane chaahiye | kisi najadeeki suparanova se nikli aaghaat tarang ne aanavik baadal ke bheetar ki gaison ko sanpeedit kar soorya ke nirmaan ko shuroo kiya hoga tatha kuchh kshetr apne swayam ke gurutvaakarshan ke adheen dhahane se bane honge.[35] jaise hi baadal ka koi tukada dhaha koneeya gati ke sanrakshan ke kaaran yeh bhi ghumana shuroo hua aur badhte dabaav ke saath garm hone laga. bahut badi dravya raashi kendra mein keindrit hui, jabki shesh baahar ki or chapatakar ek disk mein tabdeel hui jinse grah va anya sauramandaleeya nikaaya bane. baadal ke kor ke bheetar ke gurutv va daab ne atyadhik ushma utpann ki vaise hi disk ke aaspaas se aur adhik gas judti gayi, antat: naabhikeeya sanlayan ko sakriya kiya. is prakaar, soorya ka janm hua.

mukhya anukram

soorya ki chamak, trijya aur prabhaavi taapamaan ke vikaas vartamaan soorya ki tulana mein[36]

soorya apni mukhya anukram avastha se hota hua kareeb aadhi raah par hai, jiske daramyaan naabhikeeya sanlayan abhikriyaao ne haaidrojan ko heeliym mein badla. har second, soorya ki kor ke bheetar chaalees lakh tan se adhik padaarth oorja mein parivrtit hua hai aur nyootrino va saur vikirn ka nirmaan kiya hai. is dar par, soorya ab tak kareeb 100 pruthvi-dravyamaan jitna padaarth oorja mein parivrtit kar chuka hai. soorya ek mukhya anukram taare ke roop mein lagbhag 10 arab saal jitna kharch karega.[37]

kor haaidrojan samaapan ke baad

soorya ke paas ek suparanova ke roop mein visfot ke liye paryaapt dravyamaan naheen hai. baavajud yeh ek laal daanav charan mein pravesh karega. soorya ka takareeban 5.4 arab saal mein ek laal daanav banane ka poorvaanumaan hai.[38] yeh aakalan hua hai ki soorya sanbhavat: pruthvi samet sauramandal ke aantarik grahon ki vartamaan kakshaaon ko nigl jaane jitna bada ho jaaega.[39]

vartamaan soorya ka aakaar (filhaal mukhya anukram mein hai) bhavishya mein apne laal daanav charan ke dauraan apne anumaanit aakaar ki tulana mein

isse pehle ki yeh ek laal daanav banta hai, soorya ki chamak lagbhag doguni ho jaaegi aur pruthvi shukr jitna aaj hai usase bhi adhik garm ho jaaegi. ek baar kor haaidrojan samaapt hui, soorya ka upadaanav charan mein vistaar hoga aur kareeb aadhe arab varshon uparaant aakaar mein dheere dheere doguna jaaega. uske baad yeh, aaj ki tulana mein do sau guna bada tatha dasiyon hajaar guna aur adhik chamakadaar hone tak, aagaami kareeb aadhe arab varshon se jyaada tak aur adhik teji se failega. yeh laal daanav shaakha ka vah charan hai, jahaan par soorya kareeb ek arab varsh bita chuka hoga aur apne dravyamaan ka ek tihaai ke aaspaas ganva chuka hoga.[39]

soorya ke paas ab keval kuchh lakh saal bache hai, par vein behad prasangapoorn hai. pratham, kor heeliym chaundh mein prachandataapoorvak sulagata hai aur soorya chamak ke 50 gune ke saath, aaj ki tulana mein thode kam taapamaan ke saath, apne haal ke aakaar se 10 gune ke aaspaas tak vaapas sikud jaata hai.

saur antariksh mission

inhein bhi dekhein: saur vedhashaala
13 March 2012 13:29, iesati ko soorya se baahar ek bada bhoochunbakeeya toofaan
steeriyo bi ke altraavaayalet imejing camere ki jaanch ke dauraan kaid hua soorya ka ek chandra paaragaman[40]

soorya ke nireekshan ke liye rache gaye pratham upagrah naasa ke pioneer 5, 6, 7, 8 aur 9 the | yeh 1959 aur 1968 ke beech prakshepit hue the | in yaanon ne pruthvi aur soorya se samaan doori ki kaksha mein soorya parikrama karte hue saur vaayu aur saur chunbakeeya kshetr ka pehla vistrut maapan kiya | pioneer 9 vishesh roop se lambe arase ke liye sanchaalit hua aur May 1983 tak deta sanchaaran karta raha |[41][42]

1970 ke dashak mein, do antariksh yaan helios aur skaailaib Apollo teleeskop mount En ne saur vaayu va saur korona ke mahatvapoorn nae deta vaigyaaniko ko pradaan kiye | helios 1 aur 2 yaan ameriki-Germany sahakaarya the | isne antariksh yaan ko budh ki kaksha ke bheetar upasaur ki or le ja rahi kaksha se saur vaayu ka adhyayan kiya |[43] 1973 mein skaayalaib antariksh station naasa dvaara prakshepit hua | isne Apollo teleeskop mount kahe jaane wala ek saur vedhashaala maudyool shaamil kiya jo ki station par rahane vaale antariksh yaatriyon dvaara sanchaalit hua tha |[44] skaailaib ne pehli baar saur sankraman kshetr ka tatha saur korona se nikli paraabaingani utsarjan ka samaadhit nireekshan kiya |[44] khojon ne koronal maas ejeksan ke pratham prekshan shaamil kiye, jo fir "koronal traanjeeenst" aur fir koronal hols kahalaaye, ab ghanishth roop se saur vaayu ke saath jude hone ke liye jaana jaata hai |[43]

1980 ka solar maikseemam mission naasa dvaara shuroo kiya gaya tha | yeh antariksh yaan uchch saur gatividhi aur saur chamak ke samay ke daramyaan gaama kirnon, ex kirnon aur saur jvaalaaon se nikli paraabaingani vikirn ke nireekshan ke liye racha gaya tha | prakshepan ke bas kuchh hi maheene baad, haalaanki, kisi electronics kharaabi ki vajah se yaan jas ki tas haalat mein chalta raha aur usane agale teen saal isi nishkriya avastha mein bitaae | 1984 mein space shatal chaileinjar mission STS-41C ne upagrah ko sudhaar diya aur kaksha mein fir se chhodne se pehle iski electronics ki marammat ki | June 1989 mein pruthvi ke vaayumandal mein pun: pravesh se pehle solar maikseemam mission ne marammat pashchaat saur korona ki hajaaron chhaviyon ka adhigrahan kiya |[45]

1991 mein prakshepit, Japan ke yonakoh (saur punj) upagrah ne ex-re tarang dairdhya par saur jvaalaao ka avlokan kiya | mission deta ne vaigyaaniko ko anekon bhinn prakaar ki lapaton ki pehchaan karne ki anumati di, saath hi dikhaaya ki charam gatividhi vaale kshetron se door sthit korona aur adhik gatisheel va sakriya thi jaisa ki poorv mein maana hua tha | yonakoh ne ek poore saur chakr ka prekshan kiya lekin 2001 mein jab ek kundalaakaar sooryagrahan hua yeh aapaatopayogi dasha mein chala gaya jiski vajah se iska soorya ke saath judaav ka nuksaan ho gaya | yeh 2005 mein vaayumandaleeya pun: pravesh dauraan nasht hua tha |[46]

aaj din tak ka sabse mahatvapoorn saur mission solar end heliosferik obsarvetari raha hai | 2 disanbara1995 ko shuroo hua yeh mission Europeeya antariksh agency aur naasa dvaara sanyukt roop se banaaya gaya tha |[44] mool roop se yeh do-varsheeya mission ke liye niyat hua tha | mission ki 2012 tak ki vistaaran manjoori October 2009 mein hui thi |[47] yeh itna upayogi saabit hua ki iska anuvarti mission solar daayanamiks obsarvetari (esadeeo) February, 2010 mein shuroo kiya gaya tha |[48] yeh pruthvi aur soorya ke beech laagrangiyn bindu (jis par donon or ka gurutveeya kheenchaav baraabar hota hai) par sthaapit hua | soho ne apne prakshepan ke baad se anek tarangadairdhyon par soorya ki nirantar chhavi pradaan ki hai |[44] pratyaksh saur prekshan ke alaava, soho ko badi sankhya mein dhoomaketuon ki khoj ke liye samarth kiya gaya hai, iname se adhikaansh soorya ke nivaale chhote dhoomaketuEn hai jo soorya ke paas se gujarte hi bhasm ho jaate hai |[49]

August 2012 mein ufanata ek saur udagaar, naasa ki saur gatividhi vedhashaala dvaara liya gaya chitr

in sabhi upagrahon ne soorya ka prekshan kraantivrutt ke tal se kiya hai, isliye uske bhoomadhyarekheeya kshetron maatr ke vistaar mein prekshan kiye gaye hai | yoolisis yaan soorya ke dhruveeya kshetron ke adhyayan ke liye 1990 mein prakshepit hua tha | isne sarvapratham bruhaspati ki yaatra ki, isse pehle ise kraantivrutt tal ke oopar ki door ki kisi kaksha mein bruhaspati ke gurutveeya bal ke sahaare le jaaya gaya tha | sanyogavash, yeh 1994 ki bruhaspati ke saath dhoomaketu shoomekar-levi 9 ki takkar ke nireekshan ke liye achhi jagah sthaapit hua tha | ek baar yoolisis apni nirdhaarit kaksha mein sthaapit ho gaya, isne uchch saur akshaanshon ki saur vaayu aur chunbakeeya kshetr shakti ka nireekshan karna shuroo kar diya aur paaya ki uchch akshaanshon par kareeb 750 kimi/second se aage badh rahi saur vaayu ummeed ki tulana mein dheemi thi, saath hi paaya gaya ki vahaan uchch akshaanshon se I hui badi chunbakeeya tarange thi jo ki bikhri hui gaangeya kausmik kirne thi |[50]

varnamandal ki taatvik bahutaayatata ko spektroskopi adhyayanon se achhi tarah jaana gaya hai, par soorya ke androoni dhaanche ki samajh utani hi buri hai | saur vaayu namoona vaapasi mission, jenesis, khagolavidon dvaara seedhe saur saamagri ki sanrachana ko maapane ke liye racha gaya tha | jenesis 2004 mein pruthvi par lauta, par pruthvi ke vaayumandal mein pun: pravesh par tainaat karte vakt pairaashoot ke vifal hone se yeh akasmaat avataran se kshatigrast ho gaya tha | gambhir kshati ke baavajood, kuchh upayogi namoone antariksh yaan ke namoona vaapasi maudyool se baraamad kiye gaye hain aur vishleshan ke daur se gujar rahe hain |[51]

solar terestriyl rileshans obsarvetari (steeriyo) mission October 2006 mein shuroo hua tha | do ek saamaan antariksh yaan kakshaaon mein is tareeke se prakshepit kiye gaye jo unako (baari baari se) kaheen door aage ki or kheenchate aur dheere dheere pruthvi ke peechhe giraate | yeh soorya aur saur ghatna ke trivim pratichitran karne mein samarth hai, jaise ki koronal maas ejeksanEn |[52][53]

bhaarateeya antariksh anusandhaan sangathan ne 2015-16 tak aaditya naamak ek 100 kilo ke upagrah ka prakshepan nirdhaarit kiya hai | solar korona ki gatisheelata ke adhyayan ke liye iska mukhya saadhan ek koronaagraafEn hoga |[54]

sandarbh

  1. ↑ a aa i E u oo A ai O au k kh g Williams, D.R. (2004). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html. abhigman tithi: 2009-06-23.
  2. ↑ Research Consortium on Nearby Stars, GSU (2007-September 17). "The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems". RECONS. http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm. abhigman tithi: 2007-11-06.
  3. ↑ saaaincha:Cite arxiv
  4. ↑ "Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions". naasa. http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html.
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  36. ↑ Ribas, Ignasi (February 2010). The Sun and stars as the primary energy input in planetary atmospheres. "Solar and Stellar Variability: Impact on Earth and Planets, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 264: 3–18. arXiv:0911.4872. Bibcode 2010IAUS..264....3R. doi:10.1017/S1743921309992298
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  38. ↑ doi:10.1086/306546
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  39. ↑ a aa doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x
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  45. ↑ Burkepile, C. (1998). "Solar Maximum Mission Overview". Archived from the original on April 5, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060405183758/http://web.hao.ucar.edu/public/research/svosa/smm/smm_mission.html. abhigman tithi: 2006-03-22.
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  53. ↑ Howard R. A., Moses J. D., Socker D. G., Dere K. P., Cook J. W. (2002). "Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI)". Solar Variability and Solar Physics Missions Advances in Space Research 29 (12): 2017–2026.
  54. ↑ Srinivas Laxman & Rhik Kundu, TNN (2012-09-09). "Aditya 1 launch delayed to 2015-16". the times of indiya . Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-09/india/33712860_1_parameters-of-space-weather-three-year-mission-polar-satellite-launch-vehicle.

yeh bhi dekhein

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saur mandal
सूर्य बुध शुक्र चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी Phobos and Deimos मंगल सीरिस) क्षुद्रग्रह बृहस्पति बृहस्पति के उपग्रह शनि शनि के उपग्रह अरुण अरुण के उपग्रह वरुण के उपग्रह नेप्चून Charon, Nix, and Hydra प्लूटो ग्रह काइपर घेरा Dysnomia एरिस बिखरा चक्र और्ट बादलSolar System XXVII.png
soorya · budh · shukr · pruthvi · mangal · seerees · bruhaspati · shani · Arun · varun · yam · haumeya · maakemaake · eris
grah · bauna grah · upagrah - chandrama · mangal ke upagrah · kshudragrah · bruhaspati ke upagrah · shani ke upagrah · Arun ke upagrah · varun ke upagrah · yam ke upagrah · eris ke upagrah
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