sodiym

sodiym / Sodium raasaayanik tatv
namoona
raasaayanik chinh:	Na
parmaanu sankhya:	11
raasaayanik shrunkhala:	kshaar dhaatu
aavart saarani mein sthiti
electronic dhaancha
anya bhaashaaon mein naam:	Sodium (angreji)

sodiym (Sodium ; sanket, Na) ek raasaayanik tattv hai. yeh aavart saarani ke pratham mukhya samooh ka doosra tatv hai. is samooh mein mein dhaatugan vidyamaan hain. iske ek sthir samasthaanik (dravyamaan sankhya 23) aur chaar rediyosakriya samasthaanik (dravyaman sankhya 21, 22, 24, 24) gyaat hain.

sodiym atyant sakriya tatv hai jiske kaaran yeh mukt avastha mein naheen milta. yaugik roop mein yeh sab sthaanon mein milta hai. sodiym kloraaid athva namak iska sabse saamaanya yaugik hai. samudra ke paani mein ghule yaugikon mein iski maatra 80% tak rahati hai. anek sthaanon par iski khaanein bhi hain. Pakistan mein iski badi Khan hai. Rajasthan ki saaainbhar jheel se yeh bahut badi maatra mein nikaala jaata hai.

sodiym kaarbonet bhi anek sthaanon mein milta hai. kshaareeya mitti mein sodiym kaarbonet upasthit rahata hai. iske atirikt sodiym ke anek yaugik, jaise sodiym salfet, naaitret, floraaid aadi vibhinn sthaanon par milte hain. Germany ke seksani pradesh mein stesfurt ki khaanein iske achhe srot hain. siliket ke roop mein sodiym samast khaanij padaarthon tatha chattaanon mein upasthit rahata hai yadyapi iski pratishat maatra kam rahati hai.

sakriya padaarth hone ke kaaran bahut kaal tak sodiym dhaatu ka nirmaan safal na ho saka. 1807 E. mein England ke vaigyaanik devi ne taral sodiym haaidraaksaaid ke vaidyut apaghatan dvaara is tatv ka sarvapratham nirmaan kiya. san 1890 mein kestanar (Castner) ne is vidhi ko audyogik roop diya. is vidhi mein lohe ke bartan ke madhya mein taamr ya nikel ka rinaagr aur uske chaaron or nikel ka dhanaagr rakhate hain. belan ko ushn gas dvaara garm kiya jaata hai jisse unamein rakha sodiym haaidraaksaaid pighl jaae. vaidyut apaghatan dvaara sodiym dhaatu rinaagr par nirmit hokar satah ke oopar tairane lagti hai. ise dhanaagr par jaane se rokane ke liye rinaagr ko lohe ki belanaakaar jaali se ghera jaata hai.

aajkal taral sodiym kloraaid ke vaidyut apaghatan dvaara bhi sodiym ka nirmaan ho raha hai.

sodiym rupahali chamakadaar dhaatu hai. vaayu mein okseekaran ke kaaran ispar sheegra hi parat jam jaati hai. yeh naram dhaatu hai tatha uttam vidyut chaalak hai kyonki iske parmaanu ke baahari kaksh ka ilektraan atyant gatisheel hone ke kaaran sheegra ek se doosare parmaanu par ja sakta hai. iske kuchh bhautik sthiraank neeche diye gaye hain-

• parmaanu sankhya 11,
• parmaanu bhaar 22.99
• ghanatv 0.97 gram/ghan semi,
• galanaank 97.8 degree celcius
• kvathanaank 892 degree celcius

sodayam dhaatu ke parmaanu apna ek ilektraun khokar sodiym aayan mein saralata se parint ho jaate hain. falat: sodiym atyant shaktishaali apachaayak (reductant) hai. iski kriyaasheelata ke kaaran ise nirvaat ya tail mein rakhate hain. jal se yeh visfot ke saath kriya kar haaidrojan mukt karta hai. vaayu mein yeh peeli lapat ke saath jalakar sodiym aaksaaid (Na₂O) tatha sodiym paraaaksaaid (Na₂O₂) ka mishran banaata hai.

helojan tatv tatha fausforas ke saath sodiym kriya karta hai. vishuddh amoniya drav mein sodiym ghulakar neela vilyan deta hai. paarad se milkar yeh thos mishradhaatu banaata hai. yeh mishradhaatu anek kriyaaon mein apachaayak ke roop mein upayog ki jaati hai.

sodiym dhaatu ka upayog apachaayak ke roop mein hota hai. sodiym paraaaksaaid (Na₂O₂), sodiym saayanaaid (NaCN) aur sodemaaid (NaNH₂) ke nirmaan mein iska upayog hota hai. kaarbanik kriyaaon mein bhi yeh upayogi hai. led tetraaethil [Pb(C₂H₅)₄] ke utpaadan se sodiym-sees mishradhaatu upayogi hai. sodiym mein prakaashavaidyut (Photo-electric) gun hai. isliye isko prakaash vaidyut sel banaane ke kaam mein laate hain. kuchh samay se parmaanu oorja dvaara vidyut utpaadan mein sodiym dhaatu ka bruhad upayog hone laga hai. parmaanu riaiktar (Atomic reactor) dvaara utpann ooshma ko taral sodiym ke chakran (Circulation) dvaara jal vaashp banaane ke kaam mein aate hain aur utpann vaashp dvaara tarabaain chalne par vidyut ka utpaadan hota hai.

sodiym ke anek yaugik chikitsa mein kaam aate hain. aaj ke audyogik yug mein sodiym tatha uske yaugikon ka pramukh sthaan hai.

sodiym ek sanyojak yaugik banaata hai. sodiym yaugik jal mein praaya: vileya hote hain.

sodiym ke do aaksaaid gyaat hain Na₂O aur Na₂O₂. sodiym dhaatu par 300 degree sein. par vaayu pravaahit karne mein sodiym paraaaksaaid banega. yeh shushk vaayu mein sthaayi hota hai aur jal mein sheegra apaghatit ho sodiym haaidraaksaaid mein parint ho jaata hai. yeh suvidhaanusaar okseekaarak (oxidant) tatha apachaayak (reductant) donon ka hi kaarya kar sakta hai. yeh kaarban monoaaksaaid (CO) aur kaarban daaiaaksaaid (CO₂) donon se milkar sodiym kaarbonet banaata hai. kaarban daaiaaksaaid se kriya ke falasvaroop okseejan mukt hota hai. is kriya ka upayog band sthaanon (jaise panadubbi naavon) mein okseejan nirmaan mein hua hai.

sodiym aur haaidrojan ka yaugik sodiym haaidraaid (NaH) ek kristaleeya padaarth hai. iske vaidyut apaghatan par haaidrojan gas dhanaagr par mukt hoti hai. sodiym haaidraaid sookhi vaayu mein garm karne par jal jaata hai aur jalayukt vaayu mein apaghatit ho jaata hai.

sodiym kaarbonet (Na₂CO₃) anaardr tatha jalayojit donon dashaaon mein milta hai. ise ghareloo upayog mein kapde tatha anya vastuon ke saaf karne ke kaam mein laate hain. chikitsaakaarya mein bhi yeh upayukt hua hai. iske atirikt sodiym baaikaarbonet (NaHCO₃) bhi rasaayanik kriyaaon tatha davaaiyon mein kaam aata hai.

anek sanrachana ke sodiym siliket gyaat hain. inmein vileya soda kaaainch (Soda glass) sabse mukhya hai. silika ko sodiym haaidraaksaaid (NaOH) vilyan ke saath uchch daab par garm karne se yeh taiyaar hota hai. yeh paaradarshi rangarahit padaarth hai jo ubalate paani mein ghul jaata hai. kuchh chhaapekhaane ke udyogon mein iska upayog hota hai. pattharon tatha anya vastuon ke jodne mein bhi iska upayog hua hai.

sodiym kaarbonet, sodiym taartaret, sodiym bromaaid, sodiym selisilet, sodiym kloraaid aadi yaugik ka chikitsa nidaan mein upayog hota hai.

kisi kaaran se shareer mein jal ki maatra kam hone par sodiym kloraaid athva saadhaaran namak ke vilyan ko injekshan dvaara raktanaadi mein pravisht karte hain.

anek praakrutik jharanon mein sodiym yaugik paae gaye hain. in jharanon ka jal gathiya tatha pet aur charmarogon mein laabhakaari maana jaata hai.

sodiym ki pehchaan spektramamaapi (Spectrometer) dvaara ho sakti hai. iske yaugik bunsal lau ko peela rang pradaan karte hain. is prakaash ka tarangadairghya 5890 tatha 5896 engastraam hai. aayan vinimay stambh (Ion exchange column) dvaara bhi iski pehchaan ki gayi hai.

• kshaar dhaatu