shrautasootr

shrautasootr vaidik granth hain aur vastut: vaidik karmakaand ka kalpavidhaan hai. shrautasootr ke antargat havan, yaag, ishtiyaaain evam satr prakalpit hain. inke dvaara aihik evam paaralokik fal praapt hote hain. shrautasootr unheen vedavihit karmon ke anushthaan ka vidhaan kare hain jo shraut agni par aahitaagni dvaara anushtheya hain. 'shraut' shabd 'shruti' se vyutpann hai.

ye rachanaaeain divyadarshi karmanishth maharshiyon dvaara sootrashaili mein rachit granth hain jinpar paravarti yaajnyaik vidvaanon ke dvaara praneet bhaashya evam teekaaeain tatha tadupakaarak paddhatiyaaain evam anek nibandhagranth upalabdh hain. is prakaar upalabdh sootr tatha unke bhaashya paryaapt roop se pramaanit karte hain ki bhaarateeya saahitya mein inka sthaan kitna pramukh raha hai. paashchaatya maneeshiyon ko bhi shraut saahitya ki mahatta ne adhyayan ki or aavarjit kiya jiske falasvaroop paashchaatya vidvaanon ne bhi anek anargh sanskaran sanpaadit kiye.

pramukh shrautasootr granth hain:

• baudhaayan shrautasootr
• shaankhaayan shrautasootr
• maanav shrautasootr
• vaadhool shrautasootr
• aashvalaayan shrautasootr
• kaatyaayan shrautasootr
• vaaraah shrautasootr
• laatayaayan shrautasootr

shrutivihit karm ko 'shraut' evam smrutivihit karm ko 'smaart' kehte hain. shraut evam smaart karmon ke anushthaan ki vidhi vedaang kalp ke dvaara niyantrit hai. vedaang chhah hain aur unamein kalp pramukh hai. paanineeya shiksha use 'ved ka haath' kehti hai. kalp ke antargat shrautasootr, gruhyasootr, dharmasootr aur shulbasootr samaavisht hain. inmein shrautasootr shrautakarm ke vidhaan, gruhyasootr smaartakarm ke vidhaan, dharmasootr saamayik aachaar ke vidhaan tatha shulbasootr karmaanushthaan ke nimitt karm mein apekshit yajnyaashaala, vedi, mandap aur kund ke nirmaan ki prakriya ko kehte hain.

shrautasootr ke anusaar anushthaanon ki do pramukh sansthaaeain hain jinhein havi:sanstha tatha somasanstha kehte hain. smaart agni par kriymaan paakasanstha hai. in teenon sansthaaon mein saat saat prabhed hain jinke yog se 21 sansthaaeain prachalit hain. havi:sanstha mein devataavishesh ke uddeshya se samarpit havirdravya ke dvaara yaag kiya jaata hai. somasanstha mein shrautaagni par somaras ki aahuti ki jaati hai tatha pashvaalanbhan bhi vihit hai. isliye ye pashuyayaag hain. in sansthaaon ke atirikt agnichyan, raajasooya aur ashvamedh prabhruti yaag tatha saarasvatasatr prabhruti satr evam kaamyeshtiyaaain hain.

shrautakarm ke do pramukh bhed hain. nityakarm jaise agnihotrahavan tatha naimitikrm jo kisi prasangavash athva kaamanaavishesh se prerit hokar yajamaan karta hai. swayam yajamaan apni patni ke saath ritvijon ki sahaayata se yaag kar sata hai. yajamaan dvaara kiye jaanevaale kriyaakalaap, ritvijon ke kartavya, pratyek karm ke aaraadhya devata, yaag ke upayukt dravya, karm ke ang evam upaangon ka saangopaang varnan tatha unka paurvaaparya kram, vidhi ke vipryaya ka praayashchitt aur vidhaan ke prakaar ka vidhivt vivran shrautasootr ka ekamaatr lakshya hai.

shrautakarmon mein kuchh karm prakrutikrm hote hain. inke saangopaag anushthaan ki prakriya ka vivran shrautasootron ne pratipaadit kiya hai. jin karmon ki mukhya prakriya prakrutikrm ki rooparekha mein aabaddh hokar keval falavishesh ke anusandhaan ke anuroop vishisht devata ya dravya aur kaal aadi ka hi keval vivechan hai ve vikrutikrm hain, kaaran shrautasootr ke anusaar 'prakruti bhaaainti vikrutikrm karo' yeh aadesh diya gaya hai. is prakaar shrautasootron ke pratipaadya vishay ka aayaam gambhir evam jatil ho gaya hai, kaaran karmaanushthaan mein pratyek vihit ang evam upaang ke sambandh mein diye hue niyamon ka pratipaalan atyant kathorata ke saath kiya jaana adrusht fal ki praapti ke liye anivaarya hai.

shrautakarm ke anushthaan mein chaaron vedon ka sahayog prakalpit hai. rigved ke dvaara hotrutv, yajurved ke dvaara adhvaryukarm, saamaved ke dvaara udgaatrutv tatha atharvaved ke dvaara brahma ke kaarya ka nirvaah kiya jaata hai. ataev shrautasootr vedachatushtayi se sambandh rakhate hain. yajamaan jis ved ka anuyaayi hota hai us ved athva us ved ki shaakha ki pramukhata hai. isi kaaran yajnyaeeya kalp mein pratyek vedashaakhaanusaar prabhed ho gaye hain jinpar deshaachaar, kulaachaar aadi sveeya visheshataaon ka prabhaav pada hai. is kaaran karmaanushthaan ki prakriya mein kuchh avaantar bhed shaakhaabhed ke kaaran chala aa raha hai aur har shaakha ka yajamaan apne apne ved se sambaddh kalp ke anushaasan se niyantrit rahata hai. is parampara ke kaaran shrautasootr bhi vedachatushtayi ki prabhinn shaakha ke anusaar pruthak pruthak rachit hain.

bhaaratakosh par shrautasootr