shivhar
| shivhar | |||||
| — jila — | |||||
 |
|||||
 |
|||||
| samay mandal: IST (UTC+5:30) | |||||
| desh |
 Bhaarat
|
||||
| raajya | Bihar | ||||
| jila | shivhar | ||||
| saansad | rama devi | ||||
|
janasankhya • ghanatv |
515,961 (2001 tak [update]) • 1,279 /kimi2 (3,313 /varg meal) |
||||
|
kshetrafal • ooainchaai (AMSL) |
443 km² (171 sq mi) • 80 meter (262 fee॰) |
||||
|
vibhinn code
|
|||||
| aadhikaarik jaalasthal: http://seohar.bih.nic.in | |||||
nirdeshaank: 26°a24′aN 85°a21′aE / 26.4°aN 85.35°aE shivhar Bihar ke tirhut pramandal ka ek navagathit jila hai. is jile ke poorab evam uttar mein seetaamadhi, pashchim mein poorvi Champaran tatha dakshin mein mujaffarapur jila hai. shivhar Bihar ka sabse chhota evam aarthik aur saamaajik drushti se atyant hi pichhda hua jila hai. varsha evam baadh ke dinon mein iska sampark apne padosi jilon se bhi poori tarah kat jaata hai. bajjika evam hindi yahaaain ki mukhya bhaashaaeain hai.
anukram
itihaas
shivhar pehle mujaffarapur fir haal tak seetaamadhi jile ka ang raha hai. is kshetr ka sthaan hindu dharmashaastron mein ati mahatvapoorn hai. treta yug mein Bhagwan Ram ki patni devi seeta ka janm seetaamadhi ke nikat punaura mein hua tha. mahaajanapad kaal mein yeh vaishaali ke bajjisangh fir magadh saamraajya ka hissa bana. bhaugolik drushtikon se shivhar tirhut ka ang raha hai. 13veen sadi mein muslim shaasan aarambh hone tak is kshetr mein mithila ke shaasakon ne shaasan kiya. baad mein bhi sthaaneeya kshatrapon ne yahaaain apni prabhuta kaayam rakhi lekin angrejon ke aane par yeh pehle Bengal fir Bihar praant ka ang ban gaya. 1908 isvi mein tirhut ke pramandal banane par yeh mujaffarapur jila ka hissa bana. kuchh varsh poorv 6 October 1994 ko shivhar ko svatantr jile ka darja mila.
bhaugolik sthiti
shivhar jila ganga ki sahaayak baagamati, jo yahaan ki mukhya nadi hai, ke maidaan ka hissa hai. kul kshetrafal 443 varg kilometer tatha samudra tal se ausat ooainchaai 80 meter hai. jameen upajaaoo hai isliye sabhi prakaar ki fasalein paida hoti hain. baagamati nadi shivhar jile mein pashchim disha se pravesh karti hui poorvi seema ke saath-saath dakshin disha ki or bahti hai. shivhar ek Loksabha kshetr bhi hai. belasand tatha shivhar do vidhaan sabha kshetr hai. prashaasanik vibhaajan is prakaar hai:
- anumandal- shivhar
- prakhand/ anchal- shivhar, pipraahi, puranahiya, dumari katasari, tariyaani
- panchaayaton ki sankhya- 53
- gaaainv ki sankhya- 207
janasaankhyiki
- janasankhya: 5,15,961
- graameen janasankhya: 4,94,699
- shahari janasankhya: 21,262
- janasankhya vruddhi dar: 36·aa16%
- janasankhya ka ghanatv: 1279
- stri-purush anupaat: 885 prati 1000
shivhar jile ki saaksharata maatr 37% hai jo raashtreeya aur raajakeeya ausat se kaafi kam hai. mahila saaksharata ki dar ati nimn (27·aa43%) hai. krushi ki puraani paddhati tatha aadhaarbhoot sanrachana evam udyogon ka abhaav pichhdepan ka mool kaaran hai. is jile mein mahaavidyaalaya ya bade aspataal ka abhaav hai. baadh prabhaavit is jile mein sadkon ka achha network bhi nahi hai| graameen adhivaas ka star ati saadhaaran hai. hindi tatha urdoo shiksha ka maadhyam hai lekin bajjika sabhi ki boli hai. kuchh padhe-likhe log angreji bhaasha ka gyaan rakhate hain|
janasanskruti
shivhar pehle raamaayan kaal mein mithila fir mahaajanapad kaal mein vaishaali ke gauravapoorn bajjisangh ka hissa raha. jila mein tirhuti aur maithil sanskruti ki gandh hai. shaadi-vivaah ya anya mahatvapoorn aayojanon par vaidehi seeta aur Bhagwan shreeraam ke vivaah ke geet yahaaain bade hi rasapoorn andaaj mein gaae jaate hain. jat-jatin tatha jhijhiya shivhar jile ka mahatvapoorn lokanrutya hai. jat-jatin nrutya Rajasthan ke jhoomar ke samaan hai. jhijhiya mein auratein apne sir par ghada rakhakar naachati hain aur aksar navaraatr ke dinon mein khela jaata hai. chhath, holi, divaali, durgaapooja, muharaam, Eid jaise parv hindu aur muslim ke dvaara miljulakar manaae jaate hain.
shikshan sansthaan
- praathamik vidyaalaya- 314
- madhya vidyaalaya- 93
- uchch vidyaalaya- 12
- buniyaadi vidyaalaya- 2
- madarasa- 4
- sanskrut vidyaalaya- 4
- shikshak prashikshan sansthaan-1
krushi
dhaan, gehooain, makka, dalahan, tilhan, ganna, tambaakoo
udyog
darshaneeya sthaan
- devakuli dhaam: baagamati nadi ke kinaare doobaaghaat se sate yahaaain ka mukhya dhaarmik sthal "devakuli dhaam" hai. devakuli mein Bhagwan Shiv ka ek ati praacheen mandir hai jahaan pratyek ravivaar ko darshanaarthiyon ki bhaari bheed jama hoti hai. mahaashivraatri ke avsar par yahaaain mela lagta hai. aisi maanyata bhi hai ki paandavon ki patni draupadi ka yahaaain janm hua tha.
- bargad ka vruksh: puranahiya prakhand ke gaanv basant jagajeevan sthit ek ati praacheen evam vishaal bargad ka vruksh hai jo anumaanat: teen -chaar ekad bhoomi kshetr mein faila hua hai. prativrsh chaaron taraf teji se pasarati ev failati hui inki jadon ko agal-bagal ke kisaanon dvaara kaat diya jaata hai taaki bargad ke bhaavi kabje se ve apne kheton ko bacha sake. mool tana ke alaave is vruksh ki lagbhag sau aur bhi sahaayak tana aur jadein hain jo haathi-ghodon jaisi aakruti banaate hue ek prakaar ka bhram paida karte hain. khaaskar bachchon ke liye yeh ek kautoohalapoorn drushya evam kreeda sthal hai. aisi maanyata hai ki mool tana ke jad ki khoh mein naagadevi evam naagadevata ka nivaas hai prativrsh naagapanchami ke din yahaaain ek mele jaisa drushya hota hai. door-door ke gaaainvon se log yahaaain naagadevi evam naagadevata ki pooja archana evam bargad Baba ke darshan karne aate hain.
- seetaamadhi aur aasapaas: seetaamadhi ki doori lagbhag 20 kilometer hai. vahaaain pahuainchakar jaanki kund, jaanki mandir, haleshvar sthaan, bagahi math aadi ghooma ja sakta hai.
- dhanakaul durga mandir, is mandir ka is kshetr me bada hi mahatva hai, aashvin navaraatra me ashtami ke roj yahaaain hajaaro ke saankhya me log ekatr hote hai, aisi maanyata hai ki is roj yahaaain naariyl fodne se manachaahi muraad poori hoti hai.
yaataayaat tatha sanchaar suvidhaaen
- sadak: raashtreeya raajamaarg 104 chakiya, narahar pakadi, madhuvan tatha shivhar hote hue seetaamadhi tak jaati hai. iske alaava jile mein 14 kilometer lamba raajakeeya raajamaarg 54 shivhar jile ke belava ghaat ko seetaamadhi se jodti hai. jile ke anya bhaagon mein Bihar sarkaar ke path nirmaan vibhaag tatha graameen abhiyantran sangathan dvaara banaayi gayi pakki sadkein jaati hai. maunasoon ke dinon mein yaataayaat maarg aksar baadh ka shikaar banti thi aur logon ko naav ka sahaara lena padta tha. lekin 2009 mein baagamatti par pul banane se is paresaani se nijaat mila.
- rel maarg: poorv madhya railway ka seetaamadhi-narakatiyaaganj khand jile ke paas se gujarata hai. seetaamadhi niktatam railway station hai.
- havaai maarg: yahaaain ka niktatam havaai adda 174 kilometer door raajya ki rajdhani Patna mein hai.
- doorabhaash sevaaeain: BSNL sahit anya mobaail kanpaniyaaain shivhar jile ke har kshetr mein apni pahuainch rakhati hai. besik phone (laindalaain) tatha Internet ki seva sirf BSNL pradaan karti hai.