sheetayuddh

naato tatha vaarsa sandhi ke desh

dviteeya vishvayuddh ke baad ke kaal mein sanyukt raajya America aur soviyt roos ke beech utpann tanaav ki sthiti ko sheet yuddh ke naam se jaana jaata hai. kuchh itihaasakaaron dvaara ise 'shastr sajjit shaanti' ka naam bhi diya gaya hai.

dviteeya vishvayuddh ke dauraan sanyukt raajya America, Britain aur roos ne kandhe se kandha milaakar dhoori raashtron- Germany, Italy aur Japan ke virooddh sangharsh kiya tha. kintu yuddh samaapt hote hi, ek or Britain tatha sanyukt raajya America tatha doosari or soviyt sangh mein teevr matabhed utpann hone laga. bahut jald hi in matabhedon ne tanaav ki bhayankar sthiti utpann kar di.

roos ke netrutv mein saamyavaadi aur America ke netrutv mein pooainjeevaadi desh do khemon mein baint gaye. in donon pakshon mein aapasi takaraahat aamne saamane kabhi naheen hui, par ye donon gut is prakaar ka vaataavaran banaate rahe ki yuddh ka khatra sada saamane dikhaai padta rahata tha. barlin sankat, Korea yuddh, soviyt roos dvaara aanavik pareekshan, sainik sangathan, hind cheen ki samasya, you-2 vimaan kaand, kyooba misaail sankat kuchh aisi paristhitiyaaain theen jinhonne sheetayuddh ki agni ko prajvalit kiya. san 1991 mein soviyt roos ke vightan se usaki shakti kam ho gayi aur sheetayuddh ki samaapti ho gayi.

jaisa ki iske naam se hi spasht hai ki yeh astr-shastron ka yuddh na hokar dhamakiyon tak hi seemit yuddh hai. is yuddh mein koi vaastavik yuddh naheen laga gaya. yeh keval paroksh yuddh tak hi seemit raha. is yuddh mein donon mahaashaktiyaan apne vaichaarik matabhed hi pramukh rahe. yeh ek prakaar ka kootaneetik yuddh tha jo mahaashaktiyon ke sankeern svaarth siddhiyon ke prayaason par hi aadhaarit raha.

sheet yuddh ek prakaar ka vaak yuddh tha jo kaagaj ke goalon, patra-patrikaaon, radio tatha prachaar saadhanon tak hi lada gaya. is yuddh mein na to koi goli chali aur na koi ghaayal hua. ismein donon mahaashaktiyon ne apna sarvasv kaayam rakhane ke liye vishv ke adhikaansh hisson mein paroksh yuddh lade. yuddh ko shastraayuddh mein badalne se rokane ke sabhi upaayon ka bhi prayog kiya gaya, yeh keval kootaneetik upayon dvaara laga jaane wala yuddh tha jismein donon mahaashaktiyaan ek doosare ko neecha dikhaane ke sabhi upaayon ka sahaara leti rahi. is yuddh ka uddeshya apne-apne guton mein mitra raashtron ko shaamil karke apni sthiti majaboot banaana tha taaki bhavishya mein pratyek apne apne virodhi gut ki chaalon ko aasaani se kaat sake. yeh yuddh dviteeya vishvayuddh ke baad America aur soviyt sangh ke madhya paida hua avishvaas va shanka ki antim parinti tha.

ke.pi.S. mainan ke anusaar - sheet yuddh do virodhi vichaaradhaaraaon - poonjeevaad aur saamraajyavaad (Capitalism and Communism), do vyavasthaaon - burjuaa lokatantr tatha sarvahaara taanaashaahi (Bourgeoise Democracy and Proletarian Dictatorship), do guton - naato aur vaarsa samjhauta, do raajyon - America aur soviyt sangh tatha do netaaon - John faustar illaas tatha staalin ke beech yuddh tha jiska prabhaav poore vishv par pada.

is prakaar kaha ja sakta hai ki sheetayuddh do mahaashaktiyon ke madhya ek vaak yuddh tha jo kootaneetik upaayon par aadhaarit tha. yeh donon mahaashaktiyon ke madhya dviteeya vishvayuddh ke baad utpann tanaav ki pratyaksh abhivyakti tha. yeh vaichaarik yuddh hone ke kaaran vaastavik yuddh se bhi adhik bhayaanak tha.

barlin sankat (1961) ke samay sanyukt raajya America evam soviyt roos ke tank aamne saamane

sheetayuddh ke lakshan dviteeya vishvayuddh ke dauraan hi prakat hone lage the. donon mahaashaktiyaan apne-apne sankeern svaarthon ko hi dhyaan mein rakhakar yuddh lad rahi thi aur paraspar sahayog ki bhaavana ka dikhaava kar rahi thi. jo sahayog ki bhaavana yuddh ke dauraan dikhaai de rahi thi, vah yuddh ke baad samaapt hone lagi thi aur sheetayuddh ke lakshan spasht taur par ubharane lag gaye the, donon guton mein hi ek doosare ki shikaayat karne ki bhaavana balavati ho gayi thi. in shikaayaton ke kuchh sudrudh aadhaar the. ye paarasparik matabhed hi sheetayuddh ke pramukh kaaran the, sheetayuddh ki utpatti ke pramukh kaaran nimnalikhit hain-

1. soviyt sangh dvaara yaalta samjhaute ka paalan na kiya jaana
2. soviyt sangh aur America ke vaichaarik matabhed
3. soviyt sangh ka ek shaktishaali raashtra ke roop mein ubharana
4. Iran mein soviyt hastakshep
5. tarki mein soviyt hastakshep
6. yoonaan mein saamyavaadi prasaar
7. dviteeya morche sambandhi vivaad
8. tushtikran ki neeti
9. soviyt sangh dvaara baalkaan samjhaute ki upeksha
10. America ka parmaanu kaaryakram
11. paraspar virodhi prachaar
12. land-leej samjhaute ka samaapan
13. faaseevaadi taakaton ko ameriki sahayog
14. barlin vivaad
15. soviyt sangh dvaara veto power ka baar-baar prayog kiya jaana
16. sankeern raashtravaad par aadhaarit sankeern raashtreeya hit

sheet yuddh ka vikaas dheere-dheere hua. iske lakshan 1917 mein hi prakat hone lage the jo dviteeya vishvayuddh ke baad spasht taur par ubharakar vishv rangamanch par aae. isko badhaava dene mein donon shaktiyon ke beech vyaapt paraspar bhaya aur avishvaas ki bhaavana ne mahatvapoorn yogadaan diya. donon mahaashaktiyon dvaara ek doosare ke viruddh chali gayi chaalon ne is sheetayuddh ko sabal aadhaar pradaan kiya aur ant mein donon mahaashaktiyaan khulkar ek doosare ki aalochna karne lagi aur samast vishv mein bhaya va ashaanti ka vaataavaran taiyaar kar diya, iske badhaava dene mein donon mahaashaktiyaan baraabar ki bhaageedaar rahi. iske vikaas kram ko nimnalikhit charanon mein samjha ja sakta hai-

1. sheet yuddh ke vikaas ka pratham charan (1946 se 1953)
2. sheet yuddh ke vistaar ka doosra charan (1953 se 1963)
3. sheet yuddh ke vikaas ka teesara charan - 1963 se 1979 tak (ditaant athva tanaav shaithilya ka kaal)
4. sheet yuddh ke vikaas ka antim kaal - 1980 se 1989 tak (naya sheet yuddh)

sheet yuddh ke vikaas ka pratham charan

is samay ke dauraan sheetayuddh ka asli roop ubhara. America va soviyt sangh ke matabhed khulkar saamane aae. is kaal mein sheet yuddh ko badhaane dene waali pramukh ghatnaaen nimnalikhit hain-

• 1 . 1946 mein charchil ne soviyt sangh ke saamyavaad ki aalochna ki. usane America ke fultan naamak sthaan par aangl-Amreeki gathabandhan ko majaboot banaane ki aavashyakta par jor diya. ismein soviyt sangh virodhi bhaavana spasht taur par ubharakar saamane I. American senate ne bhi soviyt sangh ki videsh neeti ko aakraamak va vistaavaadi banaaya gaya. isse sheet yuddh ko badhaava mila.

• 2 . March 1947 mein troomain siddhaant dvaara saamyavaadi prasaar rokane ki baat kahi gayi. is siddhaant ke anusaar vishv ke kisi bhi bhaag mein America hastakshep ko uchit thaharaaya gaya. yoonaan, tarki mein America dvaara hastakshep karke soviyt sangh ke prabhaav ko kam karne ki baat sveekaar ki gayi. America ne aarthik sahaayata ke naam par hastakshep karne ki chaal chalakar sheetayuddh ko bhadkaaya aur vishv shaanti ko bhang kar diya.

• 3 . 23 April 1947 ko America dvaara pratipaadit maarshal yojana ne bhi soviyt sangh ke man mein avishvaas va vaimanasya ki bhaavana ko badhaava diya. is yojana ke aunasaar pashchimi Europeeya deshon ko 12 arab dollar ki aarthik sahaayata dene ka kaaryakram sveekaar kiya gaya. iska pramukh uddeshya pashchimi Europeeya deshon mein saamyavaad ke prasaar ko rokana tha. is yojana ka laabh uthaane vaale deshein par yeh shart lagaai gayi ki ve apni shaasan vyavastha se saamyavaadiyon ko door rakheinge. isse soviyt sangh ke man mein pashchimi raashtron ke prati ghruna ka bhaav paida ho gaya aur sheet yuddh ko badhaava mila.

• 4 . soviyt sangh ne 1948 mein barlin ki naakebandi karke sheet yuddh ko aur adhik bhadka diya. America ne iska sakht virodh karke uske iraadon ko naakaam kar diya aur vah bhi vahaan apna sainik varchasv badhaane ki taiyaari mein jut gaya. is pratispardha se sheet yuddh ka maahaul viksit hua.

• 5 . Germany ke vibhaajan ne bhi donon mahaashaktiyon mein virodh ki pravruti ko janm diya. Germany ka bantavaara isliye hua tha ki donon shaktiyaan apne-apne kshetron mein apna prabhaav badha sakein. lekin America ki maarshal yojana tatha soviyt sangh ki 'komikaan' ki neeti ne Europe ko soviyt sangh tatha America ke madhya sheet yuddh ko badhaava diya.

• 6 . 1949 mein America ne apne mitr raashtron ke sahayog se naato jaise sainik sangh ka nirmaan kiya. iska uddeshya uttari atalaantik kshetr mein shaanti banaae rakhane ke liye kisi bhi baahari khatre se kaaragar dhang se nipatna tha. is sandhi mein soviyt sangh ko seedhi chetaavani di gayi ki yadi usane kisi bhi sandhi mein shaamil desh par aakraman kiya to uske bhayankar parinaam honge. isse America aur soviyt sangh ke beech matabhed aur adhik gahre hote gaye.

• 7 . October 1940 mein cheen mein saamyavaadi shaasan ki sthaapana hone se America ka virodh adhik prakhar ho gaya. usane sanyukt raashtra sangh mein saamyavaadi cheen ki sadasyata ko chunauti di. isse soviyt sangh aur America mein sheet yuddh ka vaataavaran aur adhik sabal hone lag gaya.

• 8 . 1950 mein Korea sankat ne bhi America aur soviyt sangh mein sheet yuddh mein vruddhi ki. is yuddh mein uttari Korea ko soviyt sangh tatha dakshini koriyon ko America tatha anya pashchimi raashtron ka samarthan va sahayog praapt tha, donon mahaashaktiyon ne paraspar virodhi vyavahaar ka pradarshan karke sheetayuddh ko vaataavaran mein aur adhik garmi paida kar di. Korea yuddh ka to hal ho gaya lekin donon mahaashaktiyon mein aapasi takaraahat ki sthiti kaayam rahi.

• 9 . 1951 mein jab Korea yuddh chal hi raha tha, usi samay America ne apne mitr raashtron ke saath milkar Japan se shaanti sandhi ki aur sandhi ko kaaryaroop dene ke liye saan Francisco nagar mein ek sammelan aayojit karne ka nirnaya kiya. soviyt sangh ne iska kada virodh kiya. America ne isi varsh Japan ke saath ek pratirksha sandhi karke virodh ki khaai ko aur adhik gahra kar diya. America ki in kaaryavaahiyon ne soviyt sangh ke man mein dvesh ki bhaavana ko badhaava diya in sandhiyon ko soviyt sangh ne saamyavaad ke vistaar mein sabse badi baadha maana aur usaki ninda ki.

sheet yuddh ke vistaar ka doosra charan

is samay mein donon mahaashaktiyon ke vyavahaar mein kuchh badlaav aane ki sambhaavana dikhaai dene lagi. is yug mein donon deshon ke netrutv mein parivartan hua. soviyt sangh mein staalin ki mrutyu ke baad khushchev ne shaasan sambhaala aur America mein raashtrapati aaijan haavar ne shaasan ki baagdor apne haath mein li. soviyt sangh ki taraf se donon deshon ke madhya madhur sambandh sthaapit karne ke prayaas avashya hue lekin unka koi sakaaraatmak parinaam naheen nikla aur America tatha soviyt sangh mein sheet yuddh ka tanaav jaari raha. is dauraan kuchh ghatnaaen ghati jinhonne sheet yuddh ko badhaava diya.

• 1 . 1953 mein soviyt sangh ne pratham aanavik pareekshan kiya, isse America ke man mein soviyt sangh ke iraadon ke prati shak paida ho gaya.

• 2 . 1953 mein charchil ne America se kaha ki dakshin poorvi Asia ke liye naato jaise sangh ka nirmaan kiya jaae. uske sujhaav ko maankar America ne kambodiya, viytanaam aur laaos mein saamyavaadi prasaar rokane ke uddeshya se 8 sitmbar 1954 ko seeto (SEATO) ka nirmaan kiya. udhar soviyt sangh ne vaarsa paikt ki taiyaari kar li. vaarsa sangathan ke nirmaan ka uddeshya poonjeevaadi taakaton ke aakramanon ko rokana tha. is tarah paraspar virodhi guton ki sthaapana dvaara sheet yuddh ko aur adhik bhadkaaya gaya.

• 3 . hind cheen ki samasya ne bhi donon mahaashaktiyon ke madhya matabhedon ko aur adhik gahra kar diya. 1954 mein hind-cheen mein gruh yuddh aarambh ho gaya. yeh kshetr France ka upanivesh tha. soviyt sangh ne hochin min ki senaaon ki madad ki aur America ne fraanseesi senaaon ka samarthan kiya. hind-cheen ki samasya ko sulajhaane ke liye jeneva samjhauta hua lekin kuchh samay baad hi viytanaam mein gruh-yuddh shuroo ho gaya. soviyt sangh ne America ki is yuddh mein bhoomika ki ninda ki. usane America ke viytanaam mein anuchit hastakshep ke viruddh aavaaj uthaai. is tarah viytanaam yuddh America aur soviyt sangh ke beech sheet yuddh ka pramukh kaaran ban gaya.

• 4 . 1956 mein Hungary mein soviyt sangh ke hastakshep ne bhi sheet yuddh ko aur adhik bhadkaaya.

• 5 . 1956 mein hi svej nahar sankat ne donon mahaashaktiyon ke beech tanaav mein vruddhi ki. soviyt sangh ne is sankat mein misr ka saath diya. svej nahar sankat ka to samaadhaan ho gaya lekin donon mahaashaktiyon mein tanaav jyon ka tyon bana raha.

• 6 . June 1957 mein aaijnahaavar siddhaant ke antargat America ki Congress ne raashtrapati ko saamyavaad ke khataron ka saamana karne ke liye sashastr senaaon ka prayog karne ka adhikaar pradaan karke pashchimi Asia ko sheet yuddh ka akhaada bana diya.

• 7 . sheetayuddh ke tanaav ko kam karne ke liye America ke raashtrapati aaijan hauvar ne soviyt sangh ki yaatra karne ka nirnaya kiya. lekin yaatra se ek din poorv hi 1 May 1960 ko America ka jaasoosi vimaan you-2 soviyt seema mein jaasoosi karte hue pakada gaya. vimaan chaalak ne yeh sveekaar kiya ki use soviyt sangh mein sainik thikaanon ki jaasoosi karne ke liye bheja gaya hai. ise soviyt sangh ne gambheerta se liya aur America se apni galati sveekaar karne ko kaha. lekin America ne apni galati na maankar sheet yuddh ko aur adhik badhaava diya.

• 8 . 16 May 1960 mein peris sammelan mein soviyt raashtrapati khrushchev ne you-2 ki ghatna ko doharaaya aur kaha ki bhavishya mein ameriki raashtrapati ko soviyt sangh na aane ki chetaavani bhi thi. sammelan ke doosare satr ka bhi soviyt sangh ne bahishkaar karke apni naaraajagi jaahir kar di. is tarah America aur soviyt sangh mein tanaav pehle jaisa hi bana raha.

• 9 . June 1961 mein khrushchev dvaara poorvi Germany ke saath ek pruthak sandhi par hastaakshar karne ki dhamaki ne bhi sheetayuddh ko badhaava diya.

• 10. August 1961 mein barlin shahar mein soviyt sangh ne pashchimi shaktiyon ke kshetr ko alag karne ke liye deevaar banaani shuroo kar di. iska America ne kada virodh kiya. donon ne apni apni senaaen yuddh ke liye ekatrit karni aarambh kar di. lekin badi mushkil se sheetayuddh garm yuddh mein parivrtit hote hote rah gaya. lekin donon ke beech tanaav barkaraar raha.

• 11 . 1962 mein kyooba mein soviyt sangh ne apne sainik adde ki sthaapana kar di. iska America ke raashtrapati kanaidi ne kada virodh kiya. is adde ki sthaapana ko seedhe taur par America ko kamjor karne waali kaaryavaahi kaha ja sakta hai. America ne kyooba ki naakebandi ki ghoshana kar di taaki kyooba mein soviyt sainik sahaayata na pahunch sake. vivaad ko jyaada badhta dekh soviyt sangh ne apne kadam peechhe hata liye aur bhayankar vivaad ko sulajha liya. lekin donon mahaashaktiyon ke man ka mail naheen saaf hua aur sheetayuddh ka vaataavaran pehle jaisa hi raha.

is prakaar is yug mein sheet yuddh ko badhaava dene waali kaaryavaahiyaan donon taraf se hui. lekin donon mahaashaktiyon ne sheet yuddh ke tanaav ko kam karne ki disha mein bhi kuchh prayaas kiye. khruschev ne donon deshon ke madhya sambandh madhur banaane aur tanaav kam karne ke liye 15 sitmbar se 28 sitmbar 1959 tak America ki yaatra ki. 5 sitmbar 1963 ko America, soviyt sangh aur Britain ke beech 'Moscow aanshik pareekshan nishedh sandhi' (Moscow Partial Test Ban Treaty) hui. isse sheet yuddh ko samaapt karne ka sakaaraatmak kadam kaha gaya. gutanirpeksh aandolan ne bhi is dauraan sheet yuddh ko kam karne ka prayaas kiya lekin in sabhi prayaason ke parinaam nakaaraatmak hi rahe aur donon mahaashaktiyon mein tanaav bana raha.

sheet yuddh ke vikaas ka teesara charan

1962 mein kyooba sankat ke baad sheet yuddh ke vaataavaran mein kuchh narami I aur donon guton ke madhya vyaapt tanaav ki bhaavana sauhaardapoorn va mitrata ki bhaavana mein badalne ke aasaar dikhaai dene lag gaye. isse donon deshon ke madhya madhur sambandhon ki shuruaat hone ke lakshan prakat hone lage. is narami ya tanaav mein kami ko 'ditaant' (Déatente) ya 'tanaavashaithilya' ki sanjnyaa di jaati hai.

ditaant ne sheetayuddh se utpann puraane antararaashtreeya sambandhon ka paridrushya badalne laga aur vishv mein shaantipoorn vaataavaran ka janm hua. isse sanyukt raashtra sangh ki bhoomika mein bhi vruddhi hui aur parmaanu yuddh ke aatank se chhutakaara mila.

sheet yuddh ke vikaas ka antim kaal

1970 ke dashak ka ditaant Afghanistan sankat ke janm lete hi nae prakaar ke sheet yuddh mein badal gaya. is sankat ko 'ditaant ki antim shavayaatra' kaha jaata hai. isse ditaant ki samaapti ho gayi aur donon shaktiyon mein lagbhag ek dashak tak rahane wala tanaav shaithilya ke din lag gaye aur puraane tanaav fir se badhne lage. iski utpatti ke pramukh kaaran nimnalikhit hain:

• 1 . soviyt sangh ki shakti mein vruddhi ne America ke khilaaf apni puraani dushmani aarambh kar di.

• 2 . Reagan ne raashtrapati bante hi shastr udyog ko badhaava diya aur mitr raashtron ka shastreekaran karne par bal diya.

• 3 . America tatha soviyt sangh mein antariksh anusandhaan ki hod lag gayi.

• 4 . Afghanistan mein soviyt sangh ne hastakshep kiya, isse sheet yuddh mein vruddhi hui. America aur soviyt sangh mein paarasparik pratispardha shuroo ho gayi.

• 5 . soviyt sangh ne dakshin poorvi Asia mein apna prabhaav badhaana shuroo kar diya.

• 6 . 23 March 1983 ko ameriki raashtrapati Reagan ne 'star vaars pariyojana' (antariksh yuddh) ko manjoori di. isse nae astr-shastron ki hod lag gayi.

• 7 . hind mahaasaagar mein soviyt sangh ne apni shakti badhaani shuroo kar di.

• 8 . soviyt sangh ne khaadi kshetr tatha pashchimi Asia mein bhi apna prabhutv badhaane ka prayaas kiya.

• 9 . soviyt sangh ne kyooba mein apni briged tainaat kar di.

• 10. nikaaraaguaa mein America ne apna prabhutv badhaana shuroo kar diya.

in sabhi kaaranon se nae sheet ka janm hua aur ditaant ka ant ho gaya. isse antararaashtreeya sambandhon mein nai khataas paida hui America ne khaadi siddhaant ke dvaara vishv shaanti ke liye khatra paida kar diya. is nae sheet yuddh ne vishv ko truteeya vishv yuddh ke kagaar par laakar khada kar diya. isse ditaant ki haani hui aur nishstreekaran ko gahra dhakka laga. isse tanaav ke kendra Afghanistan, kampoochiya, nikaaraaguaa aadi desh ho gaye. yeh yuddh vichaaradhaara virodhi na hokar soviyt sangh virodhi tha. iske abhikrta America aur soviyt sangh na hokar Britain, France va cheen bhi the. is yuddh ne sampoorn vishv ka vaataavaran hi dooshit kar diya. isne bahudhruveekaran ko janm diya aur antararaashtreeya sambandhon mein nai chunautiyon ko pesh kiya.

sheetayuddh ne 1946 se 1989 tak vibhinn charanon se gujarte hue alag-alag roop mein vishv raajaneeti ko prabhaavit kiya. isne America tatha soviyt sangh ke madhya tanaav paida karne ke saath-saath anya prabhaav bhi daale. iske antararaashtreeya sambandhon par nimnalikhit prabhaav pade-

• 1 . isse vishv ka do guton - soviyt gut tatha American gut, mein vibhaajan ho gaya. vishv ki pratyek samasya ko guteeya svaarthon par hi parakha jaane laga.

• 2 . isse Europe ka vibhaajan ho gaya.

• 3 . isne vishv mein aatank aur bhaya mein vruddhi ki. isse antararaashtreeya sambandhon mein tanaav, pratispardha aur avishvaas ki bhaavana ka janm hua. garm yuddh ka vaataavaran taiyaar ho gaya. sheetayuddh kabhi bhi vaastavik yuddh mein badal sakta tha.

• 4 . isse aanavik yuddh ki sambhaavana mein vruddhi hui aur parmaanu shastron ke vinaash ke baare mein socha jaane laga. is sambhaavana ne vishv mein aanavik shastron ki hod ko badhaava diya.

• 5 . isse naato, seeto, sento tatha vaarasa paikt jaise sainik sangathanon ka janm hua, jisse nishstreekaran ke prayaason ko gahra dhakka laga aur isse nirantar tanaav ki sthiti bani rahi.

• 6 . isne sanyukt raashtra sangh ki bhoomika mein kami kar di. ab antararaashtreeya samasyaaon par sanyukt raashtra sangh donon mahaashaktiyon ke nirnayon par hi nirbhar ho gaya. sanyukt raashtra sangh samasyaaon ke samaadhaan ka manch na hokar antararaashtreeya sangharshon ka akhaada ban gaya jismein dono mahaashaktiyaan apne-apne daanv chalne lagi.

• 7 . isse shastreekaran ko badhaava mila aur vishvashaanti ke liye bhayankar khatra utpann ho gaya. dono mahaashaktiyaan apni-apni sainik shakti mein vruddhi karne ke liye paisa paani ki tarah bahaane lagi jisse vahaan ka aarthik vikaas ka maarg avaruddh ho gaya.

• 8 . isne suraksha parishad ko pangu bana diya. jis suraksha parishad ke oopar vishv shaanti ka bhaar tha, vah ab do mahaashaktiyon ke sangharsh ka akhaada ban gayi. paraspar virodhi vyavahaar ke kaaran apni veto shakti ka unhonne baar baar prayog kiya.

• 9 . isse janakalyaan ki yojanaaon ko gahra aaghaat pahuncha. dono mahaashaktiyaan shakti ki raajaneeti (Power Politics) mein vishvaas rakhane ke kaaran teesari duniya ke deshon mein vyaapt samasyaaon ke prati upekshaapoorn ravaiya apanaati rahi.

• 10. isne shakti santulan ke sthaan par 'aatank ke santulan' ko janm diya.

• 11 . isne gutanirpeksh aandolan ko sabal aadhaar pradaan kiya.

• 12. vishv mein nav upaniveshavaad ka janm hua.

• 13. vishv raajaneeti mein paroksh yuddhon ki bharamaar ho gayi.

• 14. isse raashtreeya svatantrata aandolanon ka vikaas hua.

• 15. antararaashtreeya raajaneeti mein prachaar tatha kootaneeti ke mahatva ko samjha jaane laga.

is tarah kaha ja sakta hai ki sheetayuddh ne antararaashtreeya sambandhon par vyaapak prabhaav daale. isne samast vishv ka do guton mein vibhaajan karke vishv mein sangharsh ki pravruti ko badhaava diya. isne shakti santulan ke sthaan par aatank ka santulan kaayam kiya. lekin nakaaraatmak prabhaavon ke saath-saath iske kuchh sakaaraatmak prabhaav bhi pade. isse takaneeki aur praavidhik vikaas ka maarg prashast hua. isse yathaarthavaadi raajaneeti ka aavirbhaav hua aur vishv raajaneeti mein nae raajyon ki bhoomika ko bhi mahatvapoorn maana jaane laga.