shakti gunaank

AC vidyut shakti par kaam kar rahe kisi udbhaar (lod) dvaara liye gaye vaastavik shakti (Real power) tatha aabhaasi shakti (Apparent power) ke anupaat ko shakti gunak ya shakti gunaank (Power factor) kehte hain. shakti gunaank ka sankhyaatmak maan shoonya aur 1 ke beech mein hota hai.

shakti gunak = P / S

lod dvaara liye gaye shakti ke ausat maan ko 'vaastavik shakti' kehte hain (ek poore aavart kaal ke liye liya gaya maadhya). yahi shakti lod mein ushma mein badalti hai, yaantrik kaarya karti hai ya kisi anya prakaar ki urja mein badalti hai. jabki aabhaasi shakti keval ek ganiteeya raashi hai jo lod ke siron ke beech ke voltej aur lod se hokar pravaahit dhaara (donon ka varg maadhya mool (RMS) maan) ke gunanafal ke baraabar hoti hai. shakti gunaank vibhvaantar tatha dhaara ke beech ke kalaantar (phase difference) ke kojya (cosine) ke baraabar hota hai.

shakti gunak = P / S

arthaat shakti gunaank achha hone ke liye jaroori hai ki voltej aur dhaara ke beech mein kalaantar bahut kam ho. jab dhaara, voltata se peechhe hoti hai (current lags voltage) to ise laiging power factor kehte hain; jab dhaara, voltata se aage hoti hai to ise 'leeding power-factor' kaha jaata hai. udyogon mein indakshan motor evam anya prerakatv-yukt lodon ke kaaran shakti-gunaank praaya: pichhda hua (laiging) hi rahata hai.

vaastavik shakti, aabhaasi shakti evam kalaantar ko pradarshit karta fejar-aarekh

kisi lod dvaara 1 se bahut kam shakti gunaank par vidyut shakti lena achha naheen maana jaata aur adhiktar bijli aapoorti karne waali kampaniyaaain iske liye kuchh dand ka praavadhaan rakhateen hain. kam shakti gunaank ka seedha sa arth yeh hai ki jo kaam 'yutiliti' se kam dhaara lekar hi kiya ja sakta uske liye adhik dhaara li ja rahi hai. is adhik dhaara lene ke kaaran taansamishn line mein shakti-kshaya (power loss) badhta hai; traansafaarmar, sarkit brekar evam anya cheejein adhik rating ki lagaani padteen hain.ek aur bat ye hoti hai ki cos0 ka man adhiktam hota hai

• laiging shakti-gunaank ko sandhaaritr lagaakar sudhaara ja sakta hai.
• sinkronas motor ko 'over-iksaaited' avastha mein chalaane se vah 'leeding' kareint leti hai (jaise kaipesitr leta hai) - isse bhi shakti-gunaank sudhaara ja sakta hai.
• aajkal kuchh shakti-elektraanik yuktiyon ki sahaayata se bhi shakti gunaak sudhaara ja sakta hai. (jaise teeseeaar aadi)

150 kV sabasteshan mein laga 75 Mvar kaipesitr bank

jab dhaara saainavakreeya naheen hoti, us samay dhaara ke furye shreni (Fourier Series) ke pratham haarmonik ke sandarbh mein shakti gunak ki baat ki jaati hai.

paribhaashaaeain

${\displaystyle P=U\cdot I_{1}\cdot cos\varphi _{1}\,}$

aabhaasi shakti ${\displaystyle S\,}$ ko nimnalikhit prakaar se bhi likha ja sakta hai-

${\displaystyle S={\sqrt {P^{2}+Q^{2}+D^{2}}}\,}$

jahaaain,

• riyektiv shakti (riyektiv power) : ${\displaystyle Q=U\cdot I_{1}\cdot sin\varphi _{1}\,}$
• difaurmeshan shakti: ${\displaystyle D\,}$ tatha ${\displaystyle D^{2}=U_{1}^{2}(I_{2}^{2}+I_{3}^{2}+...+I_{n}^{2})=U_{1}^{2}\cdot I_{h}^{2}\,}$

jahaaain:

• ${\displaystyle I_{1}\,}$ : dhaara I ke mool aavrutti vaale avayav ka maan
• ${\displaystyle I_{h}\,}$ : dhaara I ke hvein sannaadi ka maan
• ${\displaystyle \varphi _{1}\,}$: mool aavrutti ki dhaara ${\displaystyle i_{1}(t)\,}$ tatha voltata ke beech kalaantar
• ${\displaystyle cos\varphi _{1}\,}$ : displesament gunak

vistrut ganana

paribhaashaanusaar : ${\displaystyle S^{2}=U^{2}\cdot I^{2}\,}$

jahaaain :

${\displaystyle U^{2}=U_{1}^{2}\,}$ (maana ki voltata poornat: jyaavakreeya (saainasasvaayadal) hai.)

${\displaystyle I^{2}=I_{1}^{2}+I_{2}^{2}+...I_{n}^{2}+...\,}$

at:

${\displaystyle S^{2}=U^{2}\cdot I_{1}^{2}+U^{2}\cdot I_{2}^{2}+...+U^{2}\cdot I_{n}^{2}+...\,}$

${\displaystyle S^{2}=(U\cdot I_{1}\cos \varphi _{1})^{2}+(U\cdot I_{1}\sin \varphi _{1})^{2}+U^{2}\cdot I_{2}^{2}+...+U^{2}\cdot I_{n}^{2}+...\,}$

${\displaystyle S^{2}=P^{2}+Q^{2}+U^{2}\cdot (I_{2}^{2}+...+I_{n}^{2}+...)\,}$

${\displaystyle S^{2}=P^{2}+Q^{2}+U^{2}\cdot I_{h}^{2}\,}$

• tulyakaalik kalaaparivrtitra‎

• Power Factor Correction Whitepaper
• Lessons In Electric Circuits - POWER FACTOR
• ON Semiconductor Power Factor Correction Handbook
• An easier-to-understand explanation of power factor and efficiency
• Power Factor Correction Compensator and tools