sahaara marusthal
sahaara (arabi: اaaلaaصaaحaaرaaاaaء اaaلaaكaaبaaرaaى, "sabse bada marusthal') vishv ka vishaalatam garm marusaathal hai. sahaara naam registaan ke liye arabi shabd sahara (صaaحaaرaaاaaء) se liya gaya hai jiska arth hai marusthal.[1][2] yeh afreeka ke uttari bhaag mein atalaantik mahaasaagar se laal saagar tak 5,600 kilometer ki lambaai tak soodaan ke uttar tatha etalas parvat ke dakshin 1,300 kilometer ki chaudaai mein faila hua hai. isame bhoomadhya saagar ke kuchh tateeya ilaake bhi shaamil hain. kshetrafal mein yeh Europe ke lagbhag baraabar evam Bhaarat ke kshetrafal ke doone se adhik hai. maali, morakko, muritaaniya, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, naaijar, chaad, soodaan evam misr deshon mein is marusthal ka vistaar hai. dakshin me iski seemaayein sahal se milti hain jo ek ardh-shushk ushnakatibandheeya savaana kshetr hai. yeh sahaara ko baaki Africa se alag karta hai.
sahaara ek nimn marusthaleeya pathaar hai jiski ausat ooainchaai 300 meter hai. is ushnakatibandheeya maroobhoomi ka aantaraayik itihaas lagbhag 30 lakh varsh puraana hai.[3] yahaaain kuchh nimn jvaalaamukhi parvat bhi hain jinmein Algeria ka hogar tatha Libya ka tibesti parvat mukhya hain. tibesti parvat par sthit imi koosi jvaalaamukhi sahaara ka sabse ooaincha sthaan hai jiski ooainchaai 3,415 meter hai. hava ke saath bante vishaal baaloo ke teele evam khadd iski saamaanya bhoo-prakruti banaate hain. sahaara marusthal ke pashchim mein vishesh roop se marisiniya kshetr mein bade-bade baaloo ke teele paaye jaate hain. kuchh ret ke tibbon ki oonchaai 180 meter (600 feet) tak pahuainch sakti hai.[4] sahaara ke marusthal mein kaheen-kaheen kuaaain, nadi, ya jharana dvaara sinchaai ki suvidha ke kaaran hare-bhare marudyaan paaye jaate hain. kufaara, tooyaat, vedele, tinekakook, elajoof sahaara ke pramukh maru-udyaan hain. kaheen-kaheen nadeeyon ki shushk ghaatiyaaain hain jinhein vaadi kehte hain.[5] yahaaain khaari paani ki jheelein milti hain.
sahaara marusthal ki jalavaayu shushk evam visham hai. yahaaain dainik taapaantar tatha vaarshik taapaantar donon adhik hote hain. yahaaain din mein kadi garmi tatha raat mein kathor sardi padti hai. din mein taapakram 580 senteegred tak pahuainch jaata hai aur raat mein taapakram himaank se bhi neeche chala jaata hai. haal ke ek nae shodh se gyaat hua hai ki Africa ka sahaara kshetr lagaataar hariyaali ghatate rahane ke kaaran lagbhag dhaai hajaar varsh poorv vishv ke sabse bade marusthal mein badal gaya. Africa ke uttari kshetr 6000 varsh poorv hariyaali se bhare hue the. iske alaava vahaan bahut si jheelein bhi theen. is bhautik badlaav ka vistrut byaura dene vaale adhikaansh pramaan bhi ab nasht ho chuke hain. ye adhyayan chaad mein sthit yoaa jheel par kiye gaye the. yahaan ke vaigyaanik Stefan kropalin ke anusaar sahaara ko marusthal banane mein paryaapt samay laga, vaheen puraane siddhaant evam maanyataaon ke anusaar lagbhag saadhe paanch hajaar varsh poorv hariyaali mein teji se kami aayi aur ye marusthal utpann hua. san 2000 mein Columbia vishvavidyaalaya ke dau॰aapeetar menokal ke adhyayan puraani maanyata ko sahaara dete hain.
sahaara marusthal mein poorvottar disha se haramattam havaaen chalti hain. ye garm evam shushk hoti hain. gini ke tateeya kshetron mein ye havaaen Doctor vaayu ke naam se prachalit hain, kyonki ye is kshetr ke nivaasiyon ko aardr mausam se raahat dilaati hain. iske alaava May tatha September ke maheenon mein dopahar mein yahaan uttari evam poorvottar soodaan ke kshetron mein, khaaskar rajdhani khaartoom ke niktavarti kshetron mein dhool bhari aandhiyaan chalti hai. inke kaaran dikhaai dena bhi bahut kam ho jaata hai. ye haboob naam ki havaaen tadit evam jhanjhaavaat ke saath saath bhaari varsha laati hain.[6]
chitr deergha
sandarbh
 |
vikimeediya kaumans par sahaara se sambandhit media hai. |
- ↑ "sahaara" online etaayamolauji shabdakosh dagalas haarpar, itihaasavetta, abhigman tithi:25 June, 2007
- ↑ angreji-arabi online shabdakosh
- ↑ M.I.ti opanakoesaveyar (2005) "afreeki bhoogarbhashaastr ke 9-10 hajaar varsh" massaachusets insteetyoot of technology. prushth 6 evam 13
- ↑ arthar N.straihlar evam elaan H straihlar (1987) modern fijikl jeyaugrafi- truteeya sanskaran| new yaurk| John vile end sons|prushth 347
- ↑ tivaari, vijay shankar (July 2004). aalok bhoo-darshan. Calcutta: nirmal prakaashan. pa॰ 67.
- ↑ vaamanakar, mithilesh. "vishv ki sthaaneeya pavanein" (hindi mein). world press. http://vimi.wordpress.com/2009/02/08/sthaniy_pawan/. abhigman tithi: 2009.
baahari kadiyaaain
- oviyera, loosiyn. "the sahaara dejrt-A vairaayati of imejej" (angreji mein) (echateeem). aartikl snaich. http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/The-Sahara-Desert--A-Variety-Of-Images/285841. abhigman tithi: 2009.
- armaann, David H.. "proof of laaif in sahaara dejrt" (angreji mein) (echateeem). aartikl snaich. http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Proof-of-Life-in-the-Sahara-Desert/519274. abhigman tithi: 2009.
