saaainchi ka stoop
| saanchi ka bauddh stoop | |
|---|---|
| vishv dharohar soochi mein ankit naam | |
 |
|
| desh |
 Bhaarat
|
| prakaar | saanskrutik |
| maanadand | (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) |
| sandarbh | 524 |
| yunesko kshetr | Asia-prashaant |
| shilaalekhit itihaas | |
| shilaalekh | 1989 (13 vaan satr) |
saanchi Bhaarat ke madhya pradesh raajya ke raayasen jile, mein sthit ek chhota sa gaanv hai. yeh Bhopal se 46 ki॰mee॰ poorvottar mein, tatha besanagar aur vidisha se 10 ki॰mee॰ ki doori par madhya-pradesh ke madhya bhaag mein sthit hai. yahaan kai bauddh smaarak hain, jo teesari shataabdi E.poo se baarahaveen shataabdi ke beech ke kaal ke hain. saanchi mein raayasen jile ki ek nagar panchaayat hai. yaheen ek mahaan stoop sthit hai. is stoop ko ghere hue kai toran bhi bane hain. yeh prem, shaanti, vishvaas aur saahas ke prateek hain. saanchi ka mahaan mukhya stoop, moolat: samraat ashok mahaan ne teesari shati, E.poo. mein banavaaya tha.[1] iske kendra mein ek ardhagolaakaar int nirmit dhaancha tha, jismein Bhagwan buddh ke kuchh avashesh rakhe the. iske shikhar par smaarak ko diye gaye oonche sammaan ka prateek roopi ek chhatr tha.[2].
anukram
itihaas
shung kaal
is stoop mein ek sthaan par doosari shataabdi E.poo. mein todfod ki gayi thi. yeh ghatna shung samraat pushyamitr shung ke utthaan se jodkar dekhi jaati hai. yeh maana jaata hai ki pushyamitr ne is stoop ka dhvans kiya hoga aur baad mein, uske putr agnimitr ne ise punarnirmit karavaaya hoga. [k]. shung vansh ke antim varshon mein, stoop ke mool roop ka lagbhag duguna vistaar paashaan shilaaon se kiya gaya tha. iske gumbad ko oopar se chapata karke, iske oopar teen chhatariyaan, ek ke oopar doosari karke banavaayeen gayeen theen. ye chhatariyaan ek vargaakaar munder ke bheetar bani theen. apne kai manjilon sahit, iske shikhar par dharm ka prateek, vidhi ka chakr laga tha. yeh gumbad ek oonche golaakaar dhol roopi nirmaan ke oopar laga tha. iske oopar ek do-manjila jeene se pahuncha ja sakta tha. bhoomi star par bana doosari paashaan parikrama, ek ghere se ghiri thi. iske beech pradhaan dishaaon ki or kai toran bane the. dviteeya aur truteeya stoop ki imaaratein shung kaal mein nirmit prateet hoteen hain, parantu vahaan mile shilaalekh anusaar uchch star ke alankrut toran shung kaal ke naheen the, inhein baad ke saatavaahan vansh dvaara banavaaya gaya tha. iske saath hi bhoomi star ki paashaan parikrama aur mahaan stoop ki paashaan aadhaarashila bhi usi kaal ka nirmaan hain.
saatavaahan kaal
toran evam parikrama 70 E.poo. ke pashchaat bane the aur saatavaahan vansh dvaara nirmit prateet hote hain. ek shilaalekh ke anusaar dakshin ke toran ki sarvochch chaukhat saatavaahan raaja satakarni ki or se upahaar svaroop mili thi: "yeh aanand, vasithi putr ki or se upahaar hai, jo raajan satakarni ke kaareegaron ka pramukh hai."[3] stoop yadyapi paashaan nirmit hain, kintu kaashth ki shaili mein gadhe hue toran, varnaatmak shilpon se paripoorn hain. inmein buddh ki jeevan ki ghatnaaen, dainik jeevan shaili se jodkar dikhaai gain hain. is prakaar dekhne vaalon ko buddh ka jeevan aur unki vaani bhali prakaar se samajh mein aata hai.[4] saanchi aur adhikaansh anya stoopon ko sanvaarane hetu sthaaneeya logon dvaara bhi daan diye gaye the, jisse un logon ko adhyaatm ki praapti ho sake. koi seedha raajasi aashray naheen upalabdh tha. daanakarta, chaahe stri ya purush hon, buddh ke jeevan se sambandhit koi bhi ghatna chun lete the aur apna naam vahaan khudava dete the. kai khaas ghatnaaon ke doharaane ka, yahi kaaran tha. in paashaan nakkaashiyon mein, buddh ko kabhi bhi maanav aakruti mein naheen darshaaya gaya hai. balki kaareegaron ne unhein kaheen ghoda, jispar ve apne pita ke ghar ka tyaag kar ke gaye the, to kaheen unke paadachinh, kaheen bodhi vruksh ke neeche ka chabootara, jahaan unhein buddhatv ki praapti hui thi, ke roop mein darshaaya hai. buddh ke liye maanav shareer ati tuchh maana gaya tha.[4] saanchi ki deevaaron ke baurdaron par bane chitron mein yoonaani pahanaava bhi darshaneeya hai. ismein yoonaani vastr, mudra aur vaadya hain jo ki stoop ke alankaran roop mein prayukt hue hain.[5].
baad ke kaal
| teerth yaatra bauddh dhaarmik sthal |
 |
| chaar mukhya sthal |
|---|
|
lumbini · bodh gaya saaranaath · kusheenagar |
| chaar anya sthal |
|
shraavasti · raajageer sanakissa · vaishaali |
| anya sthal |
|
Patna · gaya kaushaambi · Mathura kapilvastu · devadaha kesariya · paava naalanda · Varanasi |
| baad ke sthal |
|
saaainchi · ratnaagiri ellora · ajanta bhaarahat |
aage ki shataabdiyon mein anya bauddh dharm aur hindu nirmaan bhi jode gaye. yeh vistaar baarahaveen shataabdi tak chala. mandir san.17, sanbhavat: praacheenatam bauddh mandir hai, kyonki yeh aarambhik gupt kaal ka lagta hai.[1] ismein ek chapati chhat ke vargaakaar garbhagruh mein dwaar mandap aur chaar stambh hain. aage ka bhaag aur stambh vishesh alankrut aur nakkaasheekrut hai, jinse mandir ko ek paramparaagat chhavi milti hai, kintu andar se aur shesh teenon or se samatal hai aur analankrut hai.[6] Bhaarat mein bauddh dharm ke patan ke saath hi, saanchi ka stoop aprayoganeeya aur upekshit ho gaya aur is khandit avastha ko pahuncha.
paashchaatya punaraanveshan
ek british adhikaari general Taylor pehle gyaat itihaasakaar the, inhonne san 1818 mein, saanchi ke stoop ka astitv darj kiya.[4] avyavasaayi puraatatvavettaaon aur khajaane ke shikaariyon ne is sthal ko tak khoob dhvans kiya, jab san 1818 mein uchit jeernoddhaar kaarya naheen aarambh hua. 1912 se 1919 ke beech, dhaanche ko vartamaan sthiti mein laaya gaya. yeh sab John maarshal ki dekharekh mein hua.[7] aaj lagbhag pachaas smaarak sthal saanchi ke teele par gyaat hain, jinmein teen stoop aur kai mandir bhi hain. yeh smaarak 1989 mein yoonesko dvaara vishv dharohar sthal ghoshit hua hai.
bhoogol evam janasaankhyiki
saanchi 23.48° N 77.73° E mein sthit hai.[8]. iski samudratal se ausat oonchaai 434 meter hai. udayagiri se saaainchi paas hi hai. yahaaain bauddh stoop hain, jinmein ek ki ooainchaai 42 feet hai. saaainchi stoopon ki kala prakhyaat hai. saaainchi se 5 meal sonaari ke paas 8 bauddh stoop hain aur saaainchi se 7 meal par bhojapur ke paas 37 bauddh stoop hain. saaainchi mein pehle bauddh vihaar bhi the. yahaaain ek sarovar hai, jiski seedhiyaaain buddh ke samay ki kahi jaati hain.[9]
2001 ki janaganana[10], ke anusaar saanchi ki janasankhya 6785 hai. purush yahaan ka 53% aur striyaan 47% bhaag hain. yahaan ka ausat saaksharata dar 67% hai, jo ki raashtreeya dar sa59.5% se kaheen adhik hai. purush saaksharata 75% aur stri saaksharata 57% hai. yahaan ki 16% janta chh: varsh se kam ki hai.
yeh bhi dekhein
 |
vikimeediya kaumans par saaainchi se sambandhit media hai. |
chitr deergha
-
stoop san.3
-
saanchi, 2003
-
uttari dwaar, truteeya shati mein nirmit
-
bauddh bhikshuon ka stoop, saanchi
-
saanchi ke mahaan stoop ka roopaankan
-
saanchi stoop, punaroddhaar ke baad, udyaanon sahit, 2009
-
saanchi mein ek bauddh math
-
saanchi stoop mein darshanaarthi bhikshu
sandarbh
- k.^ (angreji )"Who was responsible for the wanton destruction of the original brick stupa of Asoka and when precisely the great work of reconstruction was carried out is not known, but it seems probable that the author of the former was Pushyamitra, the first of the Sunga kings (184-148 BCE), who was notorious for his hostility to Buddhism, and that the restoration was affected by Agnimitra or his immediate successor." : John maarshal, a guide too saanchi, pru.38 Calcutta: suparintendeint, gavarnmeint pablishing (1918).
- ↑ a aa (hindi)["praacheenakaaleen bauddh shiksha ka kendra - saaainchi" (hindi mein) (H ti M L). ITNN. 2. pp. 01. http://www.insighttvnews.com/go.php?show=newsdetails&id=11291. abhigman tithi: 2009.
- ↑ dahejiya, vidya (1997). indiyn Art. faidon: London. ISBN 0-7148-3496-3.
- ↑ mool paath "L1: raano shri satakarneesa L2: aavesanisa vasithipootas L3: anaamadaas daanam", John maarshal, "A guide too saanchi", pru.52
- ↑ a aa i (hindi)indira gaaaindhi raashtreeya kala kendra ke jaalasthal par
- ↑ "A guide too saanchi" John maarshal. These "Greek-looking foreigners" are also described in Susan Huntington, "The art of ancient India", pru.100
- ↑ mitr 1971
- ↑ John maarshal, "An Historical and Artistic Description of Sanchi", from A guide too saanchi, Calcutta: suparintendeint, gavarnameint printing (1918). prushth 7-29 on line, Project South Asia.
- ↑ fauling ren jeenomiks, ink - saanchi
- ↑ (hindi)"bauddh dharm ke pramukh teerthasthal" (hindi mein) (H ti M L). web duniya. pp. 03. http://hindi.webduniya.com/religion/religion/buddhism/0905/07/1090507114_3.htm. abhigman tithi: 2009.
- ↑ "Bhaarat ki janaganana 2001: 2001 ki janaganana ke aaainkade, mahanagar, nagar aur gram sahit (anantim)". bhaarateeya janaganana aayog. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. abhigman tithi: 2007-09-03.
saahitya
- dahejiya, vidya (1992). kalekti end paupular besej of arli buddhist paitronej: saikared maunuments, 100 E.poo.- 250 E. in bi stolar Miller (shiksha) the power of Art. oksford yunivrsiti press: oksford ISBN 0-19-562842-X.
- dahejiya, vidya (1997). indiyn Art. faidon: London. ISBN 0-7148-3496-3.
- mitra, debala. (1971). buddhist maunuments. saahitya sansad: Calcutta. ISBN 0-89684-490-0
baahari kadiyaaain
saanchi: bauddh kala ki bemisaal krutiyaan
- saaainchi indira gaaaindhi raashtreeya kala kendra ke jaalasthal par
- praacheenakaaleen bauddh shiksha ka kendra - saaainchi inasaait TV jaalasthal par
- "saanchi (madhya pradesh)", jaikis-eduaardo barjar faaundeshan, world Art trejrs
- saanchi ke stoop - paas aakar dekhne ki cheej