roos
|
Рaaоaaсaaсaaиaaйaaсaaкaaаaaя Фaaеaaдaaеaaрaaаaaцaaиaaя, Рaaоaaсaaсaaиaaя rossijskaaya federaatsiya, rossiya roosi mahaasangh
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
| raashtravaakya: kuchh naheen | ||||||
 |
||||||
| rajdhani |
Moscow (Мaaоaaсaaкaaвaaа) (moskava) 55°a45′aN 37°a37′aE / 55.75°aN 37.617°aE |
|||||
| sabse bada nagar | Moscow | |||||
| raajabhaasha(eain) | roosi, anya ghatak ganaraajyon mein | |||||
| sarkaar | arddh-raashtrapateeya mahaasangh | |||||
| - | raashtrapati | vlaadimeer putin | ||||
| - | pradhaan mantri | dimitri medavedev | ||||
| vidhaan mandal | sangheeya parishad | |||||
| - | uchch sadan | sangheeya parishad | ||||
| - | nimn sadan | senate duma | ||||
| gathan | ||||||
| - | roorik raajavansh | 862 | ||||
| - | kivaan rus | 882 | ||||
| - | vlaadeemeer sujadaal rus | 1169 | ||||
| - | grand dachi of Moscow | 1263 | ||||
| - | roos ka jaaravaad | 1547 | ||||
| - | rasiyn saamraajya | 1721 | ||||
| - | rasiyn esaefaesaaar | 7 November 1917 | ||||
| - | soviyt samaajavaadi ganatantr sangh | 1922 | ||||
| - | roosi mahaasangh | 25 December 1991 | ||||
| kshetrafal | ||||||
| - | kul | 1,70,75,200 varg kilometer (pratham) 65,92,745 varg meal |
||||
| - | jal (%) | 0.5 | ||||
| janasankhya | ||||||
| - | 2005 janaganana | 14,32,02,000 (saatavaan) | ||||
| - | 2002 janaganana | 14,55,13,037 | ||||
| sakal ghareloo utpaad (PPP) | 2005 praakkalan | |||||
| - | kul | 1,778 arab $ (7-9vaaain) | ||||
| - | prati vyakti | 12,254 $ (54veen) | ||||
| maanav vikaas soochakaank (2003) | 0.795 uchch · 62vaaain |
|||||
| mudra | roobal (RUB) | |||||
| samay mandal | (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+2 se +12) | |||||
| - | greeshmakaaleen (di॰ba॰asa॰) | (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+3 se +13) | ||||
| doorabhaash koot | 7 | |||||
| Internet teeeladi | .ru, .su aarakshit | |||||
roos (roosi: Рaaоaaсaaсaaиaáaaйaaсaaкaaаaaя Фaaеaaдaaеaaрaaаaáaaцaaиaaя / rossijskaaya federaatsiya, Рaaоaaсaaсaaиaáaaя / rossiya) poorvi Europe aur uttar Asia mein sthit ek vishaal aakaar wala desh. kul 1,70,75,400 kimi2 ke saath yeh vishv ka sabse bada desh hai. aakaar ki drushti se yeh Bhaarat se paaainch guna se bhi adhik hai. itna vishaal desh hone ke baad bhi roos ki janasankhya vishv mein saatavein sthaan par hai jiske kaaran roos ka janasankhya ghanatv vishv mein sabse kam mein se hai. roos ki adhikaansh janasankhya iske Europeeya bhaag mein basi hui hai. iski rajdhani Moscow hai. roos ki mukhya aur raajabhaasha roosi hai.
roos ke saath jin deshon ki seemaaeain milti hain unke naam hain - (vaamaavart) - naarve, finlaind, estoniya, laataviya, lithuaaniya, polaind, Belarus, Ukraine, jaurjiya, ajrabaijaan, Kazhakstan, cheen, mangoliya aur uttar Korea.
roosi saamraajya ke dinon se roos ne vishv mein apna sthaan ek pramukh shakti ke roop mein kiya tha. pratham vishvayuddh ke baad soviyt sangh vishv ka sabse bada saamyavaadi desh bana. yahaaain ke lekhakon ne saamyavaadi vichaaradhaara ko vishv bhar mein failaaya. dviteeya vishvayuddh ke baad soviyt sangh ek pramukh saamarik aur raajaneetik shakti bankar ubhara. sanyukt raajya America ke saath iski varshon tak pratispardha chali jismein saamarik, aarthik, raajanaitik aur takaneeki kshetron mein ek doosare se aage nikalne ki hod thi. 1980 ke dashak se yeh aarthik roop se ksheen hota chala gaya aur 1991 mein iska vightan ho gaya jiske falasvaroop roos, soviyt sangh ka sabse bada raajya bana.
vartamaan mein roos apne soviyt sangh kaal ke mahaashakti pad ko pun: praapt karne ka prayaas kar raha hai. yadyapi roos abhi bhi ek pramukh desh hai lekin yeh soviyt kaal ke pad se bhi bahut door hai.
anukram
itihaas
aadhunik roosi logon ko slaav mool ke itihaas se joda jaata hai jo uttar aur pashchim ki taraf se aae the. haaainlaanki isse pehle yavanon (helenik) tatha khjr turkon ka saamraajya dakshini roos mein raha tha. yadyapi aaj roos mein kai mool ke log rahate hain - roosi, khajr, taatar, pol, kajaakh, kossaak - roosi mool ke logon ka itihaas poorvi slaavon ke samay se aarambh hota hai. teesari se aathaveen sadi tak slaav saamraajya apne charam par tha. keev mein sthaapit unka saamraajya hi aaj ke roosi logon ka paravarti maana jaata hai. kiwi rooson ne 10veen sadi mein isaai dharm ko sveekaar kar liya. terahaveen sadi mein mangolon ke aakraman ke kaaran kivi ruson ka saamraajya chhinn-bhinn ho gaya. par terahaveen sadi ke baad jaise-jaise mangolon ka shakti pashchim mein ksheen hoti gayi roos bhi svatantr hota gaya. is samay tak roos sirf Europe tak seemit tha - yaani yooraal parvat ke pashchim tak. san 1380 mein damitri ne Moscow mein roosi saamraajya ki sthaapana ki jo aadhunik roos ki aadhaarashila kaha ja sakta hai. fir jaaron ka shaasan aaya - is kaal mein Europe aur poorv ki taraf roosi saamraajya shaktishaali hua. san 1721 mein roos fir se ek saamraajya ke roop mein sthaapit haaa jo dheere-dheere aupanishik roop leta gaya. haaainlaanki pashchimi Europe mein vaigyaanik khoj hue the par Peter mahaan aur anya shaasakon ke prayaason se roos ka vistaar poorv mein hua.
uttari cheen ke mangolon ko adheen karne ke baad roosi sena Japan ke tat tak ja pahunchi aur iske baad se hi roosi saamraajya itna vishaal bana. uske baad roosi saamraajya ka aur vikaas hua. yadyapi vaigyaanik roop se yeh pichhda raha par nepoliyn (1812), Iran (unneesaveen sadi) aur Turkey (san 1854) se yuddh jeetate rahane ke kaaran saamraajya sthir raha. unneesaveen sadi mein saahitya aur yantron ki sthiti mein bhi bahut sudhaar aaya par fir bhi roos pashchimi Europe se takaneeki roop se pichhda raha.
san 1905 mein apne navajaagaran ke baad mahaatvaakaankshi bane Japan ne roos ko ek ladaai mein hara diya. isse roos ki janta ke man mein shaasak, yaani jaar ke prati kshobh hua. san 1917 mein yahaaain bolshevik kraanti hui jiske kaaran saamyavaadi shaasan sthaapit hua. dviteeya vishvayuddh ke samay tak roosi saamraajya madhya Asia mein fail chuka tha. yuddh mein Germany ko haraane ke baad roosi shkati aur antarraashtreeya raajaneeti mein roos teji se haavi ho gaya. saamyavaadi neeti, krushi aur antariksh tatha yantron ke kshetr mein hue abhootapoorv pragati ke kaaran roos duniya ke takaneeki aur aarthik mandal par ek badi shakti bankar aaya. America ek doosari pratispardhi shakti thi jisse iski takaneeki aur shastron ki hod chali. kai varsho ke ni:shastr sheetayuddh ke baad 1991 mein soviyt sangh ka vightan ho gaya aur roos iska uttaraadhikaari desh bana. iske baad se yahaaain ek janataantrik sarkaar ka shaasan hai aur yeh aarthik aur raajaneetik roop se thoda kam mahatvapoorn ban gaya.
vibhaag
itne bade desh hone ke kaaran roos ke vibhaagon ke bhi kai prakaar hain. roos mein ganaraajya, svaayatt pradesh, kendreeya nagar aur svaayatt jile jaise ghatak vibhaag hain. agar inhein sanyukt roop se pradesh kahein to roos ke 83 pradesh hain - 46 praant, 21 ganaraajya (aanshik roop se svaayatt), 9 svaayatt riyaasat, 4 svaayatt jile, 1 svaayatt praant aur 2 kendrashaasit nagar - Moscow aur seint peetarsabarg.
ganaraajya
respablik (Рaaеaaсaaпaaуaaбaaлaaиaaкaaи) aanshik roop se svaayatt hote hain. inke apne samvidhaan hote hain aur apne raashtrapati.
 |
||
|
8. kaalamikiya (Кaaаaaлaaмaaыaaкaaиaaя) |
15. uttari osethiya-elainiya (Сaaеaaвaaеaaрaaнaaаaaя Оaaсaaеaaтaaиaaя-Аaaлaaаaaнaaиaaя) |
oblaast
oblaast (оaaбaaлaaаaaсaaтaaи oblaasti) ki tulana praant se ki ja sakti hai.
|
1. aamur (Аaaмaaуaaрaaсaaкaaаaaя оaaбaaлaaаaaсaaтaaь) |
17. leningraad (Лaaеaaнaaиaaнaaгaaрaaаaaдaaсaaкaaаaaя оaaбaaлaaаaaсaaтaaь) |
33. samaara (Сaaаaaмaaаaaрaaа) |
pradesh
roos ke 9 pradesh (кaaрaaаaaя, kraai) hain
- altaai pradesh (Аaaлaaтaaаaaйaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- kamachaatka pradesh (Кaaаaaмaaчaaаaaтaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- khaabaarovsk pradesh (Хaaаaaбaaаaaрaaоaaвaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- kraasnodar pradesh (Кaaрaaаaaсaaнaaоaaдaaаaaрaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- kraasnoyaarsk pradesh (Кaaрaaаaaсaaнaaоaaяaaрaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- perm pradesh (Пaaеaaрaaмaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- primorski (Пaaрaaиaaмaaоaaрaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- staavropol (Сaaтaaаaaвaaрaaоaaпaaоaaлaaьaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
- jbaaykaalski pradesh (Зaaаaaбaaаaaйaaкaaаaaлaaьaaсaaкaaиaaй кaaрaaаaaй)
svaayatt jile
roos mein 4 svaayatt jile (Аaaвaaтaaоaaнaaоaaмaaнaaыaaе оaaкaaрaaуaaгaaа, autonaumibi okariga) hain.
kendreeya nagar
Moscow (moskova) tatha leningraad do kendrashaasit nagar hain.
svaayatt raajya
yahoodiyon ke liye saakhaalin ke paas ek svaayatt raajya staalin ke samay se bana hua hai.