roma (log)
roma ek maanav-samudaaya hai jo Europe ke vibhinn bhaagon mein paaye jaate hain kintu inka mool dakshin Asia (Bhaarat) hai. inhein romaani bhi kehte hain. romaani log vishv ke bhinn-bhinn bhaagon mein bikhre hue hain kintu adhikaansh Europe mein hain (aur Europe mein bhi madhya va poorvi Europe mein adhik hain). roma logon ki bhaasha romaani (bhaasha) kahalaati hai jiski anek boliyaaain hain. iske bolne vaalon ki sankhya koi 20 lakh hai jabki roma logon ki kul sankhya 40 lakh ke upar hai.
anukram
parichay
roma Europe ka sabse gareeb aur badahaal alpasankhyak samudaaya hai. ghumakkad hone ke kaaran roma ko 'jipsi' bhi kaha jaata hai. mukhyat: poorvi Europeeya deshon mein basane vaale romaaon ki kul sankhya kareeb dedh karod hai. France ne pichhle kuchh hafton ke dauraan hajaaron romaaon ko bulgaariya aur romaaniya khaded diya. raashtrapati nikolas sarakoji ka yeh nirnaya Europe ki raajaneeti mein garamaagaram bahas ka mudda ban gaya hai. Italy bhi aisa hi karne ja raha hai. roma samudaaya ka Bhaarat se gahra judaav hai. roma bhaasha anya bhaarateeya bhaashaaon se milti-julati hai. yeh tathya bhi ab sveekaar kar liya gaya hai ki roma kareeb ek hajaar saal pehle uttar Bhaarat se Europe ki or palaayan kar gaye. baad mein ye baaijeintaain saamraajya ka hissa ban gaye. choonki yeh saamraajya apne aapko roman saamraajya ka uttaraadhikaari maanata tha to Bhaarat se gaye in banjaaron ne apna naam hi roma rakh liya. kin kaaranon se ve Bhaarat chhodkar gaye ya Bhaarat mein ve kis jaati se sambandhit the, jaise kai prashn hai jinka sateek javaab abhi tak naheen mil paaya hai. kuchh itihaasakaar yeh maanate hai ki roma logon ko hajaaro ki sankhya mein Mehmood gajani dvaara gulaam banaakar Afghanistan le jaaya gaya tha. 15veen shataabdi ke aas-paas ve aajaad hokar Europe chale gaye the.
Bhaarat chhodne ke baad roma jahaaain bhi gaye, unhe vahaaain ki sthaaneeya boli seekhani padi. shaayad isliye unki bhaasha aur vyaakaran kaafi badal gayi, lekin saikadon saal pashchim Asia aur Europe mein bhatakne ke baavajood roma bhaasha aaj bhi pashchim bhaarateeya boliyon-raajasthaani, punjabi aur gujaraati ke bahut kareeb hai. roma samudaaya Europe ke kai deshon mein bikhra hua hai. Europe mein roma-virodhi abhiyaanon ka lamba itihaas raha hai. dviteeya vishvayuddh ke dauraan naajeeparast fraanseesi sarkaar ne bhi roma samudaaya ke hajaaron logon ko Germany khaded diya tha. naajiyon ne bhi roma samudaaya par bhayankar atyaachaar kiye the. sarakoji ne France ke is daagadaar ateet mein ek nai kadi jod di hai. ise aashcharyajanak kaha jaae ya sharmanaak ki Europe ke ve desh jo khud ko lokatantr aur maanavaadhikaar ka maseeha maanate hai, aaj un nirdosh aur nirdhan logon ke samooh ko bevajah dandit karne ki koshish karne mein jute hai jinka koi apna thaur-thikaana naheen hai. 16 September ko brusels mein Europeeya sangh ki ek shikhar baithak mein tamaam aalochanaaon ko khaarij karte hue sarakoji ne jor dekar kaha tha ki jipsiyon ya roma logon ko khadedna suraksha ki drushti se aavashyak hai aur is baare mein France ko kisi ki naseehat ki jaroorat naheen hai. unhonne ukhaade gaye sau roma shiviron ko aatank, aparaadh aur veshyaavrutti ka adda karaar dete hue kaha ki 'ham aage bhi in avaidh shiviron ko nasht karte rahege.' sarakoji ne apne daave ki pushti mein abhi tak koi thos aakade pesh naheen kiye hain. yadi roma aparaadh mein lipt hai bhi to unhe kaanoon sammat saja milni chaahiye. saamoohik dand dene ka taalibaani tareeka France ne kaise apna liya? aisa naheen hai ki fraas mein sarakoji ke is kadam ka virodh naheen hua. pichhle dinon pachaas hajaar fraansisiyon ne peris va anya shaharon mein roma logon se ho rahe bhedabhaav ke khilaaf pradarshan kiya. Europeeya sangh ne bhi fraas par aarop lagaaya hai ki avaidh aavrajakon ke shiviron ko ukhaadne ke naam par vah Europe mein naslavaad ko badhaava de raha hai. vaastavikta to yeh hai ki sarakoji ki lokapriyta lagaataar ghat rahi hai aur roma mudde ko raajaneetik svaartho ke liye bhunaakar ve ghareloo raajaneeti mein fir se apni pakad majaboot karna chaahate hai. idira Gandhi dvaara 1983 mein roma mahotsav mein kahi gayi baat ko yaha doharaana praasangik hoga ki 'roma logon ka itihaas viptti aur vedana ka itihaas hai, lekin niyti ke thapedon par maanaveeya utsaah ki jeet ka bhi itihaas hai.' ummeed karni chaahiye ki October mein jab Europeeya sangh roma samudaaya ko Europe mein aatmasaat karne par charcha karega to idira Gandhi ke in shabdon ko yaad rakha jaaega.
vibhinn deshon mein roma logon ki sankhya
| Pays | aadhikaarik srot | anya srot | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| janasankhya | pratishat | janasankhya | pratishat | |
| Germany | — | — | 70,000 | 0,09 % |
| bulgaariya | 3,25,343 | 4,9 % | — | — |
| Spain | — | — | 6,00,000 | 1,62 % |
| France | 20,000[1] | 0,03 % | 3,50,000 - 13,00,000 | 0,5 - 1,2 % |
| grees | — | — | 2,00,000[2] | 1,82 % |
| Hungary | 3,08,957 | 3,6 % | 600 000 - 800 000 | 6 - 8 % |
| Italy | — | — | 1,30,000 | 0,22 % |
| kosovo | 35,784 | 2,1 % | — | — |
| mesidoniya | 53,879 | 2,66 % | — | — |
| romaaniya | 6,19,007 | 3,25 % | 20,00,000 | 9,8 % |
| UK | — | — | 90,000 | 0,15 % |
| roos | 2,05,007 | 0,15 % | — | — |
| Serbia | 1,47,604 | 2,05 % | — | — |
| Slovakia | 1,05,738 | 2,0 % | — | — |
| Turkey | — | — | 5,00,000 | 0,72 % |
sandarbh
- ↑ Nombre de Roms vivant dans des bidonvilles en 2012 selon le Ministèare de l'Intéarieur (cité par l'article d'Angela Bolis et Jules Bonnard « Où en est-on de l'héaabergement des Roms en France ? », publié dans Le Monde, le 15 mai 2013).
- ↑ http://www.nchr.gr/category.php?category_id=99
inhein bhi dekhein
- romaani (bhaasha)
- vishv romaani Congress
- antararaashtreeya romaani sangh
- romaani logon ki soochi
- romaani samoohon ki soochi
- pravaasi bhaarateeya
- Dr shyaam Singh 'shashi' - roma itihaas tatha sanskruti ke vidvaan
baahari kadiyaaain
- Europe ke anaath bhaaratavanshi (tahalaka)
- baat suno banjaaron ki (paanyachajanya)
- bhaarateeyon ki santati hain Europe ke 'roma' (jaagaran)
- naajiyon ke narasanhaar ke shikaar in bhaaratavanshiyon ko aaj bhi sahani pad rahi hai nafarat aur upeksha (jaagaran)
- Romani.org Home Page
- yooropiyn roma raaits sentar (angreji mein)
- 07/kathopkathan. syamsinghshashi.htm nasht hone ke kagaar par hai roma yaayaavaron ki sanskruti
- Hindus ask Europe to end Roma apartheid and apologise for centuries of maltreatment
- European Parliament resolution on the situation of the Roma in the European Union - April 28, 2005
- Final report on the human rights situation of the Roma, Sinti and travellers in Europe by the European Commissioner for Human Rights (Council of Europe) - February 15 2006
ashaasakeeya sangathan
- European Roma Rights Centre - European Roma NGO
- Roma Rights Network - Roma INGO
sangrahaalaya evam pustakaalaya
- Museum of Roma Culture in Brno, Czech Republic (in Czech)
- Specialized Library with Archive "Studii Romani" in Sofia, Bulgaria (Bulgarian, English)
- Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma in Heidelberg, Germany (German, English)
- Ethnographic Museum in Tarnóaw, Poland. Click "ROMA (CYGANIE)" on the menu at left. (Polish, English, Romani)
- Who we Were, Who we Are: Kosovo Roma Oral History Collection. The most comprehensive collection of information on Kosovo's Roma in existence. (English)