rigved

rigved
rigved ki 19 vi shataabdi ki paandulipi
granth ka parimaan
shlok sankhya(lambaai)	10580 richaaeain
rachana kaal	7000 - 1500 isa poorv

rigved [sanaatan dharm] ka sabse aaranbhik srot hai. ismein 1028 sookt hain, jinmein devataaon ki stuti ki gayi hai. ismein devataaon ka yagya mein aahvaan karne ke liye mantr hain, yahi sarvapratham ved hai. rigved ko itihaasakaar hind-Europeeya bhaasha-parivaar ki abhi tak upalabdh pehli rachanaaaun mein ek maanate hain. yeh sansaar ke un sarvapratham granthon mein se ek hai jiski kisi rup mein maanyata aaj tak samaaj mein bani hui hai.

rik sanhita mein 10 mandal, baalakhilya sahit 1028 sookt hain. ved mantron ke samooh ko sookt kaha jaata hai, jismein ekadaivatv tatha ekaarth ka hi pratipaadan rahata hai. rigved mein hi mrutyunivaarak tryambak-mantra ya mrutyunyajaya mantr (7/59/12) varnit hai, rigvidhaan ke anusaar is mantra ke jap ke saath vidhivt vrat tatha havan karne se deergh aayu praapt hoti hai tatha mrutyu door ho kar sab prakaar ka sukh praapt hota hai. vishv-vikhyaat gaayatri mantr (ri0 3/62/10) bhi isi mein varnit hai. rigved mein anek prakaar ke lokopayogi-sookt, tattvajnyaaan-sookt, sanskaar-sukt udaaharanat: rog nivaarak-sookt (ri010/137/1-7), shri sookt ya lakshmi sookt (rigved ke parishisht sookt ke khilsookt mein), tattvajnyaaan ke naasadeeya-sookt (ri0 10/129/1-7) tatha hirnyagarbh sookt (ri010/121/1-10) aur vivaah aadi ke sookt (ri0 10/85/1-47) varnit hain, jinmein gyaan vigyaan ka charamotkarsh dikhlaai deta hai.

rigved ke vishay mein kuchh pramukh baatein nimnalikhit hai-

• riagved ke kai sookton mein vibhinn vaidik devataaon ki stuti karne vaale mantra hain. yadyapi riagved mein anya prakaar ke sookt bhi hain, parantu devataaon ki stuti karne vaale stotron ki pradhaanata hai.
• riagved mein kul das mandal hain aur unamein 1028 sookt hain aur kul 10,580 riachaaeain hain. in mandalon mein kuchh mandal chhote hain aur kuchh bade hain.

is granth ko itihaas ki drushti se bhi ek mahatvapoorn rachana maana gaya hai. iske shlokon ka Irani avesta ke gaathaaon ke jaise svaron mein hona, ismein kuchh gine-chune hindu devataaon ka varnan aur chaaval jaise anaaj ka na hona itihaas ke liye ek mahatvapoorn vishay hai.

ek prachalit maanyata ke anusaar, ved pehle ek sanhita mein the par vyaas rishi ne adhyayan ki sugamata ke liye inhein chaar bhaagon mein baaaint diya. is vibhktikran ke kaaran hi unka naam ved vyaas pada. inka vibhaajan do kram se kiya jaata hai -

• (1) ashtak kram - yeh puraana vibhaajan kram hai jismein sampoorn rik sanhita ko aath bhaagon (ashtak) mein baaainta gaya hai. pratyek ashtak 8 adhyaaya ke hain aur har adhyaaya mein kuchh varg hain. pratyek adhyaaya mein kuchh richaaeain (geya mantra) hain - saamaanyat: 5.

• (2) mandal kram - iske atargat sampoorn sanhita 10 mandalon mein vibhkt hain. pratyek mandal mein anek anuvaak aur pratyek anuvaak mein anek sookt aur pratyek sookt mein kai mantra (richa). kul dason mandal mein 85 anuvaak aur 1017 sookt hain. iske atirikt 11 sookt baalakhilya naam se jaane jaate hain.

vedon mein kisi prakaar ki milaavat na ho iske liye rishiyon ne shabdon tatha aksharon ko gin kar likh diya tha. kaatyaayan prabhruti rishiyon ki anukramani ke anusaar richaaon ki sankhya 10,580, shabdon ki sankhya 153526 tatha shaunakakrut anukramani ke anusaar 4,32,000 akshar hain. shatapath braahman jaise granthon mein ullekh milta hai ki prajaapati krut aksharon ki sankhya 12000 bruhati thi. arthaat 12000 guna 36 yaani 4,32,000 akshar. aaj jo shaakal sanhita ke roop mein rigved upalabdh hai unamein keval 10552 richaaeain hain.

rigved mein richaaon ka baahulya hone ke kaaran ise gyaan ka ved kaha jaata hai.

rigved ki jin 21 shaakhaaon ka varnan milta hai, unamein se charanavyuh granth ke anusaar paaainch hi pramukh hain-

1. shaakal, 2. vaashkal, 3. aashvalaayan, 4. shaankhaayan aur 5. maandookaayan.

sabse puraana bhaashya (yaani teeka, sameeksha) kisne likha yeh kehna mushkil hai par sabse prasiddh upalabddh praacheen bhaashya aachaarya saayan ka hai. aachaarya saayan se poorv ke bhaashyakaar adhik goodh bhaashya bana gaye the. yaask ne isaapoorv paaainchaveen sadi mein (anumaanit) ek kosh likha tha jismein vaidik shabdon ke arth diye gaye the. lekin saayan hi ek aise bhaashyakaar hain jinke chaaron vedon ke bhaashya milte hain. rigved ke pariprekshya mein kram se in bhaashyakaaron ne rigved ki teeka likhi -

• skand svaami - aitihaasik granthon ke anusaar vedon ka arth samajhne aur samajhaane ki kriya kumaaril-shankar ke samay shuru hui. skand svaami ka kaal bhi yahi maana jaata hai - san 625 ke aaspaas. aisi prasiddhi hai ki shatapath braahman ke bhaashyakaar harisvaami (san 638) ko skand svaami ne apna bhaashya padhaaya tha. rigved bhaashya ke prathamaashtak ke ant mein praapt shlok se pata chalta hai ki skand svaami Gujarat ke valabhi ke rahane vaale the. ismein pratyek sookt ke aarambh mein us sookt ke rishi-devata aur chhand ka ullekh kiya gaya hai. saath hi anya granthon se uddharan prastut kiya gaya hai. aisa maana jaata hai ki sknd svaami ne pratham chaar mandal par hi apna bhaashya likha tha, shesh bhaag Narayan tatha udgeeth ne milkar poora kiya tha.

• maadhav bhatt- prasiddh bhaashyakaaron mein maadhav naam ke chaar bhaashyakaar hue hain. ek saamaved bhaashyakaar ke roop mein gyaat hain to shesh teen rik ke - lekin in teenon ko sateek pehchaanana aitihaasik roop se sambhav na ho paaya hai. ek to aachaarya saayan khud hain jinhonne apne bade bhaai maadhav se prerana lekar bhaashya likha aur iska naam maadhaveeya bhaashya rakha. kuchh vidvaan veinkat maadhav ko hi maadhav samajhte hain par aisa hona mushkil lagta hai. veinkat maadhav naamak bhaashyakaar ki jo aanshik rigteeka milti hai usase prateet hota hai ki inka ved gyaan uchch koti ka tha. inke bhaashya ka prabhaav veinkat maadhav tatha skand svaami tak par milta hai. isse yeh bhi prateet hota hai ki inka kaal skand svaami se bhi pehle tha.

• veinkat maadhav - inka likha bhaashya bahut sankshipt hai. ismein na koi vyaakaran sambandhi tippani hai aur na hi anya koi tippani. ismein ek vishesh baat yeh hai ki braahaman granthon se sundar reeti se prastut pramaan.

• dhaanushkayajva - vikram ki 16veen shati se poorv ved bhaashyakaar dhaanushkayajva ka ullekh milta hai jinhonne teen vedon ke bhaashya likhe.

• aanandateerth - chaudahaveen sadi ke madhya mein vaishnavaachaarya aannadateerth ji ne rigved ke kuchh mantron par apna bhaashya likha hai.

• aatmaanand - rigved bhaashya jahaaain sarvada yajnyaaparak aur devaparak milte hain, inke dvaara likha bhaashya aadhyaatmik lagta hai.

• saayan - ye madhyakaal ka likha sabse vishvasaneeya, sampoorn aur prabhaavakaari bhaashya hai. vijyanagar ke mahaaraaj bukka (vukkaaraaya) ne vedon ke bhaashya ka kaarya apne aadhyaatmik guru aur raajaneetijnya amaatya maadhavaachaarya ko saunpa tha. pamanchu is vruhat kaarya ko chhodkar unhonne apne chhote bhaai saayan ko ye daayitv saunp diya. unhonne apne vishaal jnyaaanakosh se is teeka ka na sirf sanpaadan kiya balki senaapatitv ka daayitv bhi 24 varshon tak nibhaaya.

aadhunik bhaashya tatha vyaakhya

• dayaanand sarasvati,
• shreeraam sharma aachaarya

• rigved sanhita
• vaidik saahitya
• yajurved
• saamaved
• atharvaved
• vaidik kaal
• vaidik dharm
• vaidik sanskruti
• vaidik kala
• vaidik sanskrut
• richa

• rigved (sanskrut) (vikisrot)
• sampoorn rigved (praacheen sanskrut bhaasha mein)
• ved-puraan - yahaaain chaaron ved evam das se adhik puraan hindi arth sahit upalabdh hain. puraanon ko yahaaain suna bhi ja sakta hai.
• maharshi prabandhan vishvavidyaalaya - yahaaain sampoorn vaidik saahitya sanskrut mein upalabdh hai.
• jnyaaanaamrutam - ved, aranyak, upanishd aadi par samyak jaankaari
• ved evam vedaang - aarya samaaj, jaamanagar ke jaalaghar par sabhi ved evam unke bhaashya diye hue hain.
• jinka udeshya hai - ved prachaar
• ved-vidyaa_dauta_kaum
• rigved aur saamaved daaunalod karein (gurukul kaangadi vishvavidyaalaya)
• Why Read Rig Veda