ratn

ratn prakruti pradatt ek moolyavaan nidhi hai. manushya anaadikaal se hi ratnon ki taraf aakarshit raha hai, vartamaan mein bhi hai tatha bhavishya mein bhi rahega. ratn suvaasit, chittaakarshak, chirsthaayeev durlabh hone tatha apne adbhut prabhaav ke kaaran bhi manushya ko apne mohapaash mein baaaindhe hue hain. ratn aabhooshanon ke roop mein shareer ki shobha to badhaate hi hain, saath hi apni daiveeya shakti ke prabhaav ke kaaran rogon ka nivaaran bhi karte hain. ratnon mein chirsthaayitv ka aisa gun hai ki ye rituon ke parivartan ke kaaran tatha samay-samay par prakruti ke bheeshan uthal-puthal se tahas-nahas hone ke kaaran bhi prabhaavit naheen hote.

ratnon ko ham mukhyat: teen vargon mein vibhaajit kar sakte hain- praanij ratn- praanij ratn ve hain, jo ki jeev-jantuon ke shareer se praapt kiye jaate hain. jaise- gajamukta, mooainga aadi.

vaanaspatik ratn

vaanaspatik ratn ve hain, jo ki vanaspatiyon ki vishesh prakaar ki kriyaasheelata ke kaaran utpann hote hain. jaise- vanshalochan, trunamani, jet aadi.

khanij ratn

ve ratn jo praakrutik rachanaaon arthaat chattaan, bhoogarbh, samudra aadi se praapt kiye jaate hain.

'ratn' shabd aadhunik yug ya madhyakaaleen yug ki den naheen apitu ati praacheen yug ki den hain, kyonki rigved vishv ka ati praacheen granth hai. rigved ke anekon mantron mein ratn shabd ka prayog hua hai. udaaharanaarth-

agnimeele purohitan yajnyaasya devamrutvijm‌. hottaaran ratn dhaattamam‌. ri.1-1-1.

uparokt udaaharan se pramaanit hai ki rigved ke sarvapratham mantr mein hi agni ko ratn dhaattam‌ kaha gaya hai. aise hi aage bhi anek mantron mein prayog hua hai tatha anya praacheen granth raamaayan, mahaabhaarat aadi anek granthon mein bhi ratn shabd ka varnan dekhne ko mila hai. vruhad sanhita, bhaavaprakaash, ras ratn samuchchaya, aayurved prakaash mein to ratnon ke gun-dosh tatha prayog ka spasht varnan kiya gaya hai.

pauraanik sandarbh

rigved ke pratham shlok mein hi jo ratn dhaattamam‌ shabd aaya hai. usaka arth aadhibhautik ke anusaar agni ratnon ya padaarthon ke dhaarak athva utpaadak se hai. at: yeh suspasht hai ki ratnon ki utpatti mein agni sahaayak hai tatha aadhunik vaigyaanik bhi is baat ko sveekaar karte hain ki adhikaanshat: ratn kisi na kisi roop mein taap prakriya arthaat agni ke prabhaav ke kaaran hi bane hain.

jab vibhinn tatv raasaayanik prakriya ke dvaara aapas mein milte hain tab ratn bante hain. jaise sfatik, manibh, kristal aadi. isi raasaayanik prakriya ke baad tatv aapas mein ekajut hokar vishisht prakaar ke chamakadaar aabhaayukt ban jaate hain tatha kai adbhut gunon ka prabhaav bhi samaayojit ho jaata hai. yeh nirmit tatv hi ratn kahalaata hai, jo ki apne rang, roop va gunon ke kaaran manushyon ko apni taraf aakarshit karta hai. yatha- ramante asmin‌ ateev at: ratnam‌ iti proktan shabd shaastr vishaaradai:. (aayurved prakaash 5-2)

aadhunik itihaas

jaisa ki humne pehle hi yeh baat spasht kar di hai ki pruthvi ke andar agni ke prabhaav ke kaaran vibhinn tatv raasaayanik prakriya dvaara ratn bante hain. at: yeh suvidit hai ki ratn vibhinn maatra mein vibhinn raasaayanik yaugik mel se banta hai. maatr kisi ek raasaayanik tatv se naheen banta. sthaan-bhed se vividh raasaayanik tatvon ke sanyog ke kaaran hi ratnon mein rang, roop, kathorata va aabha ka antar hota hai. khanij ratnon mein mukhyat: nimn tatvon ka sanyog hota hai-

kaarban, alyoomeeniym, beriym, beriliym, kailshiym, taanba, haaidrojan, loha, faasaforas, mainganeej, poteshiym, gandhak, sodiym, tin, jasta, jirkeniym aadi.

vaise to praacheen granthon ke anusaar uchch koti mein aane vaale ratn 84 prakaar ke hain. inmein se bahut se ratn ab apraapya hain tatha bahut se nae-nae ratnon ka aavishkaar bhi hua hai. at: aadhunik yug mein praacheen granthon mein varnit ratnon ki soochiyaaain praamaanik naheen rah gayi hain. ratnon ke naamon ki soochi nimn prakaar hai -

ajooba-

yeh safed tatha khaaki rang ka va mrudu hota hai tatha sangamaramar ki hi ek jaati hai.

ahava-

yeh gulaabi rang ka dhabbedaar tatha mrudu patthar hota hai. ise farsh tatha kharal banaane ke kaam mein liya jaata hai.

abari-

yeh Krishna tatha peet varn ka sangamaramar ke sadrush patthar hota hai.

amaliya-

yeh Krishna rang ka hota hai tatha ismein gulaabi rang ki aabha hoti hai.

alemaani-

yeh bhoore rang ka patthar hota hai tatha iske oopar Krishna varn ki patali rekha hoti hai.

upal-

yeh Krishna, peet, safed aadi anek rangon ka chamakadaar va mrudu patthar hota hai. ismein laal rang ke chamakate hue sitaare bhi dikhaai dete hain, jinhein ratn pol kehte hain.

udaaoo -

yeh vaikraant ki jaati ka patthar hota hai.

karpishmani-

yeh bhoore tatha baadaami rang ka patthar hota hai.

kasauti-

yeh Krishna varn ka mulaayam patthar hota hai tatha yeh vishesh roop se sona parakhane ke kaam aata hai.

kataila-

yeh baingani rang ka paaradarshi patthar hota hai.

kaansala-

yeh mailaapan liye safed rang ka turamasi jaati ka patthar hota hai.

kurand-

yeh patthar mailaapan liye gulaabi rang ka hota hai. iska auchaaron ki dhaar tej karne wala saan bhi banaaya jaata hai tatha yeh ratn bhi ghisne ke kaam mein aata hai.

jharana- yeh mitti ke varn ka gum patthar hota hai.

tedhi-

yeh patthar kathor tatha apaaradarshi hota hai.

door-

yeh gahre katthai rang ka apaaradarshi hota hai.

tiliyr-

yeh patthar til ke samaan Krishna varn ka hota hai.

turasaava-

yeh patthar neele varn ka aabha liye shvet hare rang ka evam laal rang ka mulaayam halka aur kaantiyukt hota hai.

trunamani-

yeh laal tatha peele rang ka mrudu va paaradarshak hota hai. yeh ek vishesh prakaar ke vruksh ka gond hota hai. ise kuchh log kaharuaa bhi kehte hain.

daane firg-

yeh mailaapan liye gahre bhoore rang ka laharadaar va paaradarshak patthar hota hai.

daaaintala-

yeh chikna paaneedaar paaradarshak shvet varn ka tatha turamali ki tarah hare rang ka hota hai, iska upayog dant rogon mein kiya jaata hai.

daarachana-

yeh katthai rang ka peele tatha dhoomil rang ke chhote-chhote binduon se yukt hota hai. iska upayog kharal banaane mein hota hai.

dooranajaf-

yeh gum tatha dhaani rang ka patthar hota hai, iska upayog farsh banaane mein hota hai.

dhunala-

yeh dhoomravarn ka chamakadaar va paaradarshi patthar hota hai. is patthar ko dhoop ke keemati chashme va anekon prakaar ke nageene banaane ke kaam aata hai.

naram-

yeh laal rang ka halke gulaab ki patti ke rang ki aabha se yukt hota hai. ise 'laaladi' bhi kehte hain.

neelopal-

yeh gahre neele rang ka apaaradarshi patthar hota hai. ismein kuchh sone ka bhi ansh hota hai. ise raajaavart, laajavart, laajavard bhi kehte hain.

neelam-

yeh gahre neele rang ka, halke neele rang ka paaradarshi, chamakadaar va lochadaar ratn hai.

panna-

yeh ratn hare rang ka, hara rang liye safed rang ka, neem ke patti ke rang ka, bina tali ka, lochadaar va paaradarshi hota hai, hare rang ka panna sarvashreshth maana jaata hai.

panaghan-

yeh hakeek jaati ka patthar hai tatha yeh anek rangon mein praapt hota hai. iska madhya bhaag khokhalaapan liye hota hai, jismein safed rang hota hai. ise khilaune tatha moortiyon ke nirmaan mein upayog kiya jaata hai.

paaras-

yeh kaale rang ka patthar hai tatha yeh durlabh va bahumoolya hota hai. aajkal praay: yeh praapt naheen hota hai. logon ki aisi maanyata hai ki paaras patthar se yadi lohe ko sparsh karaaya jaae to loha sone mein badal jaata hai.

pukharaaj-

yeh ratn peele rang, safed rang tatha neele rangon mein paaya jaata hai.

faate jahar-

yeh barf ke samaan shvet rang ka patthar hota hai. ise jahareele vran ko theek karne mein prayog kiya jaata hai.

feeroja-

yeh aasamaani rang ka mrudu va chamakadaar hota hai.

basaro-

yeh matamaile rang ka gum patthar hota hai.

baansi-

yeh kaai ke rang ke samaan, mota paaneedaar tatha mrudu hota hai.

berunj-

yeh peet varn ka samudri paani ke samaan kaanti wala ya haritaabh patthar hota hai.

maragaj-

yeh hare rang ka mrudu patthar hota hai.

makadi-

yeh hare-kaale rang ka patthar hota hai. iske andar makadi ke jaale ke samaan dikhaai deta hai.

- yeh patthar safed rang ka sangamaramar ke samaan hota hai.

• maasar mani-

yeh akeek patthar ke samaan hota hai.

• maakshik-

yeh sona makkhi ke rang ka patthar hai.

• maanikya-

yeh gulaabi tatha surkh laal rang ka hota hai tatha kaale rang ka bhi paaya jaata hai. gulaabi rang ka maanikya shreshth maana gaya hai.

• moovenajaf-

yeh safed rang ka kaali dhaari se yukt patthar hota hai. yeh farsh banaane ke kaam aata hai.

• mooainga-

yeh laal, sindoor varn tatha gulaabi rang ka hota hai. yeh safed va Krishna varn mein bhi praapya hai. iska praapti sthaan samudra hai. iska doosra naam pravaal bhi hai.

• moti-

yeh safed, kaala, peela, laal tatha aasamaani va anek rangon mein paaya jaata hai. yeh samudra se seepon se praapt kiya jaata hai.

• raktamani-

yeh patthar laal, jaamuni rang ka surkh mein katthe tatha gomed ke rang ka paaya jaata hai, ise 'taamada' bhi kaha jaata hai.

• raktaashm-

yeh patthar gum, kathor, malin, peela tatha neele rang liye, hare rang ka tatha oopar laal rang ka chheenta bhi hota hai.

• raataratuaa-

yeh svachh laal tatha geruaa rang ka hota hai. yeh raatri jvar ko door karta hai. heera yeh safed, neela, peela, gulaabi, kaala, laal aadi anek rangon mein hota hai. safed heera sarvottam hai tatha heera sabhi prakaar ke ratnon mein shreshth hai.

• lahasuniya-

yeh billi ke aaainkh ke samaan chamakadaar hota hai. ismein peele, kaale tatha safed rang ki jhaain bhi hoti hai. iska doosra naam vaidoorya hai.

• laaladi-

yeh ratn rakt rang ka, paaradarshak kaantipoorn, laal rang tatha krushnaabhaayukt hota hai, ise sooryamani bhi kehte hain.

• loss-

yeh makaraane ki jaati ka patthar hai.

• loodhiya-

yeh gum tatha hare rang ka hota hai. iska upayog kharal banaane mein kiya jaata hai.

• shesh mani-

yeh kaale dore se yukt safed rang ka hota hai. safed rang ke dore se yukt kaale rang ke patthar ko sulemaani kaha jaata hai.

• shailamani-

yeh patthar mrudu, svachh, safed tatha paaradarshak hota hai, ise sfatik tatha billaur bhi kehte hain.

• shobhaamani-

yeh patthar svachh paaradarshak tatha anek rangon mein paaya jaata hai. ise vaikraant bhi kehte hain.

• sangiya-

yeh chaak se milta-julata mulaayam patthar hota hai.

• sangehadeed-

yeh bhaari bhooraapan liye syaahi ke rang ka hota hai. iska aushadhi mein prayog hota hai.

• sangesimaak-

yeh gum sakht tatha malinta liye laal rang ka hota hai, jis par safed rang ke chheente hote hain. iska upayog kharal banaane tatha neelam va maanikya ko peesane ke kaam aata hai.

• sangamoosa-

yeh kaale rang ka patthar hota hai. iska upayog pyaale va tashtari banaane mein hota hai.

• sangamaramar-

yeh patthar safed, kaale tatha anya kai rangon mein hota hai. iska upayog moortiyon tatha makaan banaane ke kaam mein kiya jaata hai.

• sangasitaara-

yeh kashaaya rang ka patthar hai. ismein sone ke samaan chheente chamakate dikhaai dete hain.

• sifri-

yeh apaaradarshi, haraapan liye aasamaani rang ka hota hai. yeh aushadhi ke kaam mein aata hai.

• sindooriya-

yeh gulaabi rang ka paaneedaar chamakadaar va mrudu patthar hota hai.

• seengali-

yeh gum syaahi tatha rakt mishrit maanikya jaati ka patthar hota hai. iske andar chhah kalaaon se yukt sitaare hote hain.

• seejari-

yeh akeek ke samaan vividh rangon mein fool-patteedaar va daag daalne wala patthar hota hai.

• sunahala-

yeh peele rang ka naram tatha poorn paaradarshak hota hai.

• hakeek-

yeh patthar peele, kaale, safed, laal tatha anake rangon mein paaya jaata hai. yeh apaaradarshi hota hai.

• sooryakaant-

iska rang chamakadaar shvet rang ka hota hai.

• surama-

yeh kaale rang ka patthar hota hai tatha iska upayog netraanjan banaane mein hota hai.

• selakhadi-

yeh safed rang ka mrudu patthar hota hai, iska upayog kreem, paavadar aadi banaane ke kaam mein kiya jaata hai.

• sfatik-

yeh mrudu safed rang ka paaradarshi va chamakadaar hota hai. ise fitkari bhi kaha jaata hai.

• sonaamakkhi-

ise svarn maakshik bhi kehte hain. yeh kankad ke samaan peet varn ka hota hai. iska upayog aushadhi mein karte hain.

• hajarate ber-

yeh aushadhi mein upayog hone wala matamaila ber ke samaan hota hai.

• hajarate ood- yeh patthar gulaabi rang ka lachakadaar tatha khuradara hota hai.
• haritopal- yeh hare rang ka chamakadaar patthar hota hai.
• hakeek- yeh patthar peele, kaale, safed, laal tatha anek rangon mein paaya jaata hai. yeh apaaradarshi hota hai.

• haritmani- yeh chikna, kathor, apaaradarshi tatha safed kaale angoori va gulaabi rang ka hota hai.
• heera- yeh safed, neela, peela, gulaabi, kaala, laal aadi anek rangon mein hota hai. safed heera sarvottam hai tatha heera sabhi prakaar ke ratnon mein shreshth hai.

ratn bhi patthar hi hote hain. at: ratn puraani va kathor pattharon ki chattaanon mein praapt hote hain. isi kaaran ye visheshakar parvateeya pradeshon mein paae jaate hain. kabhi-kabhi varsha ritu mein paani ki tej dhaara se patthar toot-toot kar nadi naalon mein ludhkate chale jaate hain.

jaladhaara ki gati kam hone par bade-bade patthar to ruk jaate hain, parantu halke patthar bahate jaate hain. inheen pattharon mein chipke ratnon vaale patthar kankadon va ret mein bikhr jaate hain. is tarah praapt ratn uchch koti ka hota hai, kaaran ki inhein tootane-footane ka bhaya naheen hota hai tatha is par chipke anya padaarth paani ke pravaah mein alag ho jaate hain.

is prakaar ke ratn Africa mahaadveep mein belajiym, kaango, Ghana, dakshin Africa, siyera Leon mein paae jaate hain tatha Africa ke atirikt Brazil (dakshin America) syaam, barma, Bhaarat, Sri Lanka, sanyukt raashtra America, Australia, roos aadi mein paae jaate hain.

ratnon ki shreshthata pramaanit karne mein uske mukhyataya teen gun hain- ratnon ki adbhut saundaryata, ratnon ki durlabhata, ratnon ka sthaayitv.

manushya viksit hone ke saath-saath ratnon ki taraf bhi adhik aakarshit ho gaya hai. at: ratnon ko vibhaajit karte samay vishesh roop se teen baaton ka dhyaan dete hain ki praapt ratn nimn teen mein se kis prakaar ka hai? paaradarshak hai, alp paaradarshak hai athva apaaradarshak hai.

paaradarshak ratn sarvottam shreni mein aata hai. yeh bhi do prakaar ka hota hai-

rangaviheen-

jis ratn mein rang bilkul hi na ho.

rangaheen-

jismein rang to ho, parantu heen dasha mein ho arthaat‌ rang na adhik gahra ho aur na adhik halka tatha paaradarshak ho, vah shreshth hota hai.

adhik gahra rang hone ke kaaran ratn apaaradarshak ho jaata hai. apaaradarshak ratnon mein feeroja ka uchch sthaan hai, to vaise neelam, pukharaaj tatha panna bhi apne vishisht rangon ke kaaran manushya ko apni taraf mohit karte hain.

ratnon ki durlabhata bhi manushya ko usaki taraf aakarshit hone ka ek pramukh kaaran hai. theek usi tarah jaise ki aapke saamane se koi sundar aakarshak navayauvana aa rahi ho use ek baar dekhne ke pashchaat aapke hrudaya mein baar-baar use dekhne ki laalasa naheen uthati, kyonki uske chehare par uske tan par kisi prakaar ka parada naheen hai.

aapko dekhne mein koi rok tok naheen hai tatha theek iske vipreet koi mahila kaali kalooti va badasoorat ho, parantu vah ek lamba ghooainghat nikaale hue tatha apne shareer ko lambi chaadar se dhainke hue aa rahi ho to aap baar-baar uske mukh mandal ke saundarya ka rasapaan karna chaahate hain. yahaaain tak ki door chale jaane par bhi aap baar-baar mudkar dekhte hain ki jara si bhi usaki jhalak dikhaai de jaae. aisa kyon? isliye ki usaka mukh mandal, shareer saushthav aapko dekh paana kathin hai, isliye usaki taraf laalaayit hain.

jin ratnon mein sthaayitv hai tatha unki chamak va gunon par rituon va aml aadi ke dvaara koi bura prabhaav naheen padta vah ratn adhik moolyavaan hota hai. har vyakti ke paas ise khareedne ki kshamata naheen hoti ya adhik moolyavaan hone ke kaaran har teesare-chauthe varsh use khareed sakana sambhav naheen hai. at: ratnon ki kathorata hona jisse ki use kisi prakaar ka kharonch ya ragadne ka daag na pade shreshth hota hai. jaise-heera, panna, pukharaaj aadi. ratnon ke vishay mein agni puraan, garud puraan, devi Bhagwat, mahaabhaarat, vishnu dharmottar aadi anekon praacheen granthon mein varnan milta hai.

• ratn vigyaan