raktachaap

raktachaapamaapi ya sfaaiganomainomeetar, raktachaap maapane ke yantr ko kehte hain. oopar dekhein ek markari raktachaapamaapi

raktachaap (angreji:blood praishar) raktavaahiniyon mein bahate rakt dvaara vaahiniyon ki deevaaron par dvaara daale gaye dabaav ko kehte hain. dhamaniyaan vah nalika hai jo panp karne vaale hrudaya se rakt ko shareer ke sabhi ootakon aur indriyon tak le jaate hain. hrudaya, rakt ko dhamaniyon mein panp karke dhamaniyon mein rakt pravaah ko viniymit karta hai aur ispar lagne vaale dabaav ko hi raktachaap kehte hain. kisi vyakti ka raktachaap, sistolik/daayaastolik raktachaap ke roop mein abhivyakt kiya jaata hai. jaise ki 120/80 sistolik arthaat oopar ki sankhya dhamaniyon mein daab ko darshaati hai. ismein hrudaya ki maansapeshiyaan sankuchit hokar dhamaniyon mein rakt ko panp karti hain. daayaalostik rakt chaap arthaat neeche waali sankhya dhamaniyon mein us daab ko darshaati hai jab sankuchan ke baad hrudaya ki maansapeshiyaan shithil ho jaati hai. raktachaap hamesha us samay adhik hota hai jab hrudaya panp kar raha hota hai banisbat jab vah shithil hota hai. ek svasth vayask vyakti ka sistolik raktachaap paara ke 90 aur 120 milimeetar ke beech hota hai. saamaanya daayaalostik raktachaap paara ke 60 se 80 mi.mi. ke beech hota hai.^[1] vartamaan disha-nirdeshon ke anusaar saamaanya raktachaap 120/80 hona chaahiye. raktachaap ko maapane vaale yantr ko raktachaapamaapi ya sfaaiganomainomeetar kehte hain.

raktachaap ki khoj evam maap ke vikaas ke itihaas ke kuchh mahattvapoorn charan is prakaar se hain^[2]:

• 1733 - steefen hels ne pehli baar raktachaap ghodon mein naapa.
• 1886 - riva-roki ne nyoometik-kauf ka avishkaar kiya.
• 1896 - kliford ebat ne raktachaap mein gurde ki bhoomika ka jaayaja liya.
• 1905 - rus ke korotakof ne us aavaaj ka varnan kiya, jise raktachaap ke naapane mein sunate hain.
• 1904 - emabaud ne kloraaid aayan ki bhoomika ke baare mein bataaya.
• 1963 - lauraag ne renin ki bhoomika bataai.
• 1973 - America mein national haai bald-preshar edukeshan program ne stepad keyar chikitsa ko shuru kiya, yeh J.N.si (jvaaint national committee) ka shuruvaati daur tha.
• 1980 - vaudanar ne sodiym aayan ki bhoomika spasht ki aur iska sambandh raktachaap se joda.
• 1983 - kaapalan ne raktachaap ko paribhaashit kiya.
• 1988 - J.N.si (4) jaari hua. poori duniya mein yeh report raktachaap ke liye aathireeti maani gayi.
• 1993 - J.N.si (5) jaari hua.
• 1997 - J.N.si (6) jaari hua.
• 2003 - J.N.si (7) jaari hua.

digital raktachaapamaapi

nimn raktachaap (haaipoteinshan) vah daab hai jisse dhamaniyon aur nason mein rakt ka pravaah kam hone ke lakshan ya sanket dikhaai dete hain. jab rakt ka pravaah kafi kam hota ho to mastishk, hrudaya tatha gurde jaise mahatvapoorn indriyon mein okseejan aur paushtik padaarth naheen pahunch paate jisse ye indriyaan saamaanya roop se kaam naheen kar paati aur isse yeh sthaayi roop se kshatigrast ho sakti hai. uchch raktachaap ke vipreet, nimn raktachaap ki pehchaan moolat: lakshan aur sanket se hoti hai, na ki vishisht daab sankhya ke. kisi-kisi ka raktachaap 90/50 hota hai lekin usamein nimn rakt chaap ke koi lakshan dikhaai naheen padte hain aur isliye unhein nimn raktachaap naheen hota tathaapi aise vyaktiyon mein jinka raktachaap uchch hai aur unka raktachaap yadi 100/60 tak gir jaata hai to unamein nimn raktachaap ke lakshan dikhaai dene lagte hain.

yadi kisi ko nimn raktachaap ke kaaran chakkar aata ho ya mitli aati ho ya khade hone par behosh hokar gir padta ho to use aarthostetik uchch raktachaap kehte hain. khade hone par nimn daab ke kaaran hone vaale prabhaav ko saamaanya vyakti sheegra hi kaaboo mein kar leta hai. lekin jab paryaapt raktachaap ke kaaran chakreeya dhamani mein rakt ki aapoorti naheen hoti hai to vyakti ko seene mein dard ho sakta hai ya dil ka daura pad sakta hai. jab gurdon mein aparyaapt maatra mein khoon ki aapoorti hoti hai to gurde shareer se yooriya aur kriyetaain jaise apashishton ko nikaal naheen paate jisse rakt mein inki maatra adhik ho jaati hai.

stethoskop sahit ek aenerauyad sfaaiganomainomeetar

chakreeya dhamani

koronari aarteri yaani vah dhamani jo hrudaya ke maans peshiyon ko rakt ki aapoorti karti hai.

aaghaat

yeh ek aisi sthiti hai jisse jeevan ko khatra ho sakta hai. nimn raktachaap ki sthiti mein gurde, hrudaya, fefade tatha mastishk teji se kharaab hone lagte hain.

130/80 se oopar ka raktachaap, uchch raktachaap ya haaiparateinshan kahalaata hai. iska arth hai ki dhamaniyon mein uchch chaap (tanaav) hai. uchch raktachaap ka arth yeh naheen hai ki atyadhik bhaavanaatmak tanaav ho. bhaavanaatmak tanaav va dabaav asthaayi taur par rakt ke daab ko badha dete hain. saamaanyat: raktachaap 120/80 se kam honi chaahiye aur 120/80 tatha 139/89 ke beech ka rakt ka dabaav poorv uchch raktachaap (pre haaiparateinshan) kahalaata hai aur 140/90 ya usase adhik ka raktachaap uchch samjha jaata hai. uchch raktachaap se hrudaya rog, gurde ki beemaari, dhamaniyon ka sakht ho jaane, aankhe kharaab hone aur mastishk kharaab hone ka jokhim badh jaata hai. hai. yuvaaon mein blood preshar ki samasya ka mukhya kaaran unki aniyamit jeevan shaili aur galat Khan-paan hote hain.^[3] yadi chakkar aayein, sir dard ho, saaains mein takleef ho, neend na aae, sheetheelata rahe, kam mehnat karne par saans foole aur naak se khoon gire ityaadi to chikitsak se jaanch karaayein, sambhav hai ye uchch raktachaap ke kaaran ho.^[3] uchch raktatachaap ke kaaranon mein:

• chinta, krodh, irshya, bhaya aadi maanasik vikaar
• kai baar, baar-baar ya aavashyakta se adhik khaana.
• maida se bane khaadya, cheeni, masaale, tel-ghi achaar, mithaaiyaan, maans, chai, cigarette va sharaab aadi ka sevan.
• niyamit khaane mein reshe, kachche fal aur salaad aadi ka abhaav.
• shramaheen jeevan, vyaayaam ka abhaav.
• pet aur peshaab sambandhi puraani beemaari.

uchch rakt chaap ka nidaan mahatvapoorn hai jisse rakt chaap ko saamaanya karke jatiltaaon ko rokane ka prayaas sambhav ho. faarmaikoauji vibhaag, kolon vishvavidyaalaya, Germany mein hui ek shodh ke anusaar chaukalet khaane aur kaali va hari chai peene se raktachaap niyantran mein rahata hai.^[4][5] Canada ke shodhakartta Ross di.feldamain ke anusaar uchch raktachaap ke rogiyon ki vishesh dekhbhaal aur jaanch ki jaroorat hoti hai, isse dil ke daure ki aashanka ek-chathaai kam ho sakti hai vaheen mastishkaaghaat ki bhi sambhaavana 40 pratishat kam ho sakti hai.^[6]

J N si, saat-2003 ke anusaar raktachaap ka nimn vargeekaran, 18 varsh se adhik vayaskon hetu bataaya jaata hai.^[2] yeh kaaryaalaya mein baithe hue logon ki sahi tareeke se li gayi raktachaap reedings par aadhaarit ausat hai.^[7][8]

chikitsak ke paas jaanch hetu pahunchane ke baad kam-se-kam paanch minute ke liye aaraam karne ke baad hi apna raktadaab dikhaaen. lamba chalne ke baad, seedhiyaan chadhne, daudne-bhaagane ke turant baad jaanch karaane par raktadaab badha hua aata hai. yeh dhyaan rakhana chaahiye ki jaanch ke samay kursi par aaraam se baithein hon va pair jameen par rakhein hon, tatha baanh aur raktadaab maapak-yantr hrudaya jitni oonchaai par hona chaahiye.^[9]

jaanch ke aadha ghanta pehle se chai, kaufi, kola drink aur dhoomrapaan naheen peena chaahiye. inke sevan se raktadaab agale 15 se 20 minute ke liye badh jaata hai. raktadaab maapak-yantr ke baanh par baandhe jaanevaale kaf ki chaudaai baanh ki motaai ke anusaar honi chaahiye. kaf itna chauda ho ki baanh ka lagbhag teen-chauthaai ghera usamein aa jaae. baanh moti hone par saadhaaran kaf se raktadaab lene par blood preshar ki reeding badhi hui hogi. yadi baanh patali aur kaf bada hai to theek ulat hoga, raktadaab kam napega. raktachaap maapane ke liye hamesha jaancha-parakha yantr hi prayog mein laaen.^[9]

kisase aur kaise napavaaen

ek Doctor ka white kot

kai baar raktachaap do jagah naapa jaaen to antar milta hai, yahaan tak ki nurse dvaara naapa gaya to kam aata hai aur daaktar dvaara naapa gaya adhik. kai baar kaaryaalaya mein raktachaap naapa jaae to adhik aata hai aur ghar mein kam, ise hvaait kot haaiparateinshan kehte hain. is tarah ke badhe raktachaap ka upachaar karne ki atyaavashyakata naheen hoti hai. yadi raktachaap maapak yantr (sfeegamomainomeetar) ke baaainh mein lagaane vaale kaf ki chaudaai kam ho, use dheere-dheere ya bahut teji se fulaaya jaae to raktachaap adhik aaega. baaainh mein baaaindhi gayi patti ko hॄdaya ke star par na rakha jaae to raktachaap galat aayega. is tarah ke kai aur bhi kaaran ho sakatein hai jinka yadi vishesh dhyaan na rakha jaaye to raktachaap galat aaega. marakari ke jo maapak-yantr hain ve ilektraanik yantron se jyaada sahi reeding dete hain. in sab kaarakon ke chalte yeh aavashyak hai ki yadi ek baar raktachaap badha hua aata hai to turant dava shuru na ki jaae. kam se kam teen baar kuchh dinon ke antaraal par raktachaap naapa jaae. yadi kai reeding ka ausat badha ho to hi chikitsa shuru honi chaahiye. yadi rogi bhaari chinta mein hon to thodi der ke liye raktachaap badh jaaega. paryaapt vyaayaam ke baad bhi raktachaap badha milega. yeh ek saamaanya prakriya hai aur iska upachaar naheen kiya jaata. jahaaain duvidha ho, vahaan nayi takaneek embuletari blood preshar maanitring dvaara sahi sthiti ka jaayaja liya jaata hai.^[2]

kabhi raktachaap thoda badha ho, jaise (146/96) to turant dava leni naheen chaahiye. isse poorv kuchh samay tak apni jeevan-shaili mein badlaav laane ka prayaas karna chaahiye. iska asar 3 maheene mein dikhaai dega. iske liye pratham to bhojan mein sodiym ki maatra kam karni chaahiye, saamaanyat: 10 gram namak log ek din mein khaate hain. ise kam karke 3 gram tak laana chaahiye. namakeen cheejein jaise daalamoth, achaar, paapad ka poornat: parahej karein. shareer mein jyaada sodiym hone se paani ka jamaav hota hai jisse rakt ka aayatan badh jaata hai jiske kaaran raktachaap badh jaata hai. bhojan mein potaashiym yukt cheejein badhaaen, jaise taaje fal, daab ka paani aadi. dibbe mein band saamaagri ka prayog band kar dein. bhojan mein kailashiym (jaise doodh mein) aur maiganishiym ki maatra santulit karni chaahiye. resheyukt padaarthon ko khoob khaayein, jaise falon ke chhilke, saag/chokar yukt aata/isabagol aadi. santrupt vasa (maans/vanaspati ghi) ki maatra kam karni chaahiye.

iske saath hi niyamit vyaayaam karna chaahiye. khoob tej lagaataar 30 minute paidal chalana sarvonttam vyaayaam hai. yog/dhyaan/praanaayaam roj karna chaahiye. yadi dhoomrapaan karte hon to poora band kar dein, vajan santulit karni chaahiye aur madiraapaan karte hon to ek paig se jyaada na peeyein.

• raktachaapamaapi

1. ↑ raktachaap (hindi). indiyaaji
2. ↑ ^{a aa i} madhumeh aur uchch raktachaap. di.H.aar.si.indiya
3. ↑ ^{a aa} uchch raktachaap|21 July, 2008|sush's vebalaug
4. ↑ chaakalet khaao, uchch raktachaap door bhagaao.(hindi). mera panna
5. ↑ ifektaof koko end ti intek on blood preshar. shodh parinaam. intarnal medisin.(angreji)
6. ↑ uchch raktachaap mein kam dava adhik faayademand.(hindi). josh 18.20 March, 2009. indo-asian news service
7. ↑ chobeniyn evi, baikris jeeel, black HR, et al (December 2003). "sevanth report of the jaaint national committee on privenshan, detekshan, ivailyueshan end treetameint of haai blood preshan". haaiparteinshan 42 (shashtam): 1206–52. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2. PMID 14656957.
8. ↑ "dijeejej end kandeeshans index - haayapoteinshan". national heart lang end blood sansthaan. September 2008. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hyp/hyp_whatis.html. abhigman tithi: 16 September.
9. ↑ ^{a aa} bladapreshar ki jaanch. dau॰ yateesh Agrawal

• uchch raktachaap par lekh.(hindi). Dr garima tivaari.8 July, 2008. jeevan oorja (jeevan ka aadhaar)
• bladapreshar control ke 10 sootr (patrika)