raashtrapati bhavan

raashtrapati bhavan
raashtrapati bhavan, nai Delhi, poorv : vaaisarauya house
Location within Delhi
saamaanya jaankaari
sthaapatya kala	"Delhi anushaasan"(mukhyat: bhaarateeya roopaankanon ka pashchimi shaastreeya vaastushaili mein mishran)
kasba ya shahar	Delhi
desh	Bhaarat
nirdeshaank	28°a36′a36″aN 77°a11′a56″aE / 28.61°aN 77.199°aE / 28.61; 77.199
nirmaan aarambh	1912
poorn	1929
laagat	rupaye
design aur nirmaan
graahak	Bhaarat sarkaar
vaastukaar	edvin laindasiyr lootyans

raashtrapati bhavan Bhaarat sarkaar ke raashtrapati ka sarkaari aavaas hai. san 1950 tak ise vaaisarauya house bola jaata tha. tab yeh tatkaaleen Bhaarat ke Governor general ka aavaas hua karta tha. yeh nai Delhi ke hrudaya kshetr mein sthit hai. is mahal mein 340 kaksh hain aur yeh vishv mein kisi bhi raashtraadhyaksh ke aavaas se bada hai. vartamaan Bhaarat ke raashtrapati, un kakshon mein naheen rahate, jahaan vaaisarauya rahate the, balki ve atithi-kaksh mein rahate hain. Bhaarat ke pratham bhaarateeya Governor general shri si raajagopaalaachaarya ko yahaan ka mukhya shayan kaksh, apni vineet namr ruchiyon ke kaaran, ati aadanbar poorn laga jiske kaaran unhonne atithi kaksh mein rahana uchit samjha. unke uparaant sabhi raashtrapatiyon ne yahi parampara nibhaai. yahaan ke mugal udyaan ki gulaab vaatika mein anek prakaar ke gulaab lage hain aur yeh ki jan saadhaaran hetu, prati varsh February maah ke dauraan khulati hai. is bhavan ki khaas baat hai ki is bhavan ke nirmaan mein lohe ka naganya prayog hua hai.

Delhi darbaar ke varsh 1911 mein Bhaarat ki rajdhani ko tatkaaleen Calcutta se sthaanaantarit kar Delhi laane ka nirnaya liya gaya. yeh nirnaya 12 December ko George pancham dvaara ghoshit kiya gaya. is yojana ke tahat Governor general ke aavaas ko pradhaan aur ateev vishesh darja diya gaya. british vaastukaar sar edvin laindasiyr lootyans ko, jo ki nagar yojana ke pramukh sadasya the, is imaarat sthal ki abhiklpana ka kaaryabhaar saunpa gaya. iske mool yojana ke anusaar, kuchh aisa banaana tha, jo ki poorveeya aur paashchaatya shaili ka mishran ho. kuchh logon ki rai mein yeh mahal paramparaagat shaili ka hona chaahiye tha, jo ki praacheen yoonaani shaili mein hota. lekin yeh Bhaarat mein spashtat: paashchaatya shakti pradarshan hota, jo ki amaanya tha. vaheen doosari or kai logon ka mat tha, ki yeh poornaataya bhaarateeya shaili ka ho. in donon ke mishran ke kai anupaat bhi prastaavit the. tab vaaisarauya ne kaha, ki mahal paramparaagat hoga, parantu bhaarateeya motif ke bina. yahi vah abhiklpana thi, jo ki moort roop mein aaj khadi hai. yeh mahal lagbhag usi roop mein bana, jo ki lootyans ne bekar ko Shimla se 14 June 1912 ko bheja tha. lootyans ki abhiklpana vruhat roop se paramparaagat thi, jo ki bhaarateeya vaastukala se varnamel, byaure, ityaadi mein atyadhik prerit thi, saath hi vaaisarauya ke aadesh ke anusaar bhi thi. lootyans aur bekar, jinhein vaaisarauya house aur sachivaalayon ka kaarya saunpa gaya, unhonne aarambh mein kaafi sauhaard se kaarya kiya, lekin baad mein jhagade bhi. bekar ko is bhavan ke aage bane do sachivaalayon ki yojana ka kaarya diya gaya tha. aarambhik yojanaanusaar vaaisarauya house ko raayasina ki pahaadi ke oopar bana kar donon sachivaalaya neeche banaane the. baad mein sachivaalayon ko 400 gaj peechhe khiskaakar pahaadi par hi banaana tay hua. lootyans ki yojanaanusaar yeh bhavan akela oonchaai par sthit hota, jise ki sachivaalayon ke kaaran apne moolayojana se peechhe sarakana pada, saath hi aage donon sachivaalaya khaade ho gaye, jisse ki vah drushti mein koochh dab gaya. yahi unke vivaad ka kaaran tha. is mahal ke poorn hone par lootyans ne bekar se achhi ladaai ki, kyonki yakeenan vaaisarauya house ka drushya, sadak ke uchch kon ke kaaran baadhit ho gaya tha.

lootyans ne is vivaad ko bekaraloo (vaataraloo ke yuddh ke sandarbh mein) ke star ka maana. lekin bharpoor prayaas ke baavajood ise badalava naheen paaya. vah chaahata tha, ki bhavan se neeche tak ek lambi dhaal par sadak aaye, jisse ki bhavan ka drushya na baadhit ho, evam door se bhi drushya ho. san 1914 mein bekar aur lootyans sahit bani ek samiti man tay hua, ki sadak ki dhaal 25 mein 1 ho, jo baad mein keval 22 mein 1 bani. isse adhik khadi dhaal bhavan ke dॄshya ko aur baadhit karti. lootyans yeh jaanta tha, ki yeh dhaal bhi iske drushya ko poornataya naheen dikha paayegi. tab usane ise kam karaane ka nivedan kiya. san 1916 mein impeeriyl Delhi samiti ne lootyans ke is prastaav ko radd kar diya. lootyans ne tab bhi yahi samjha ki bekar sarkaar ko khush karke aur paise banaane mein adhik laga tha, na ki achhi shreni ki vaastu roopaankan mein dhyaan kedrit karne mein. lootyans ne Bhaarat aur ingalaind ki baais varshon mein lagbhag prativrsh yaatra ki, donon sthaanon ki vaaisarauya imaarat banaane hetu. use Lord haarding ke bajat niyantran ke kaaran imaarat ke aakaar ko kai guna chhota bhi karna pada. Lord haarding ne yadyapi kharche niyantrit kar keemat ghataane ke nirdesh diye the. tathaapi vah chaahate the, ki koochh nishchit maatra mein to imaarat mein vaibhav darshan hon hi.

imaarat ke oopar bhaarateeya sthaapatyakala ka ek abhinn ang hai chhote gumbadanuma dhaanche - chhatari. imaarat mein vibhinn bhaarateeya dijaain daale aur jode gaye. inmein dheron golaakaar paraat/kund roopi ghere hain (chitrit), jo ki bhavan ke oopar lage hain aur jinmein paani ke fauvvaare bhi lage hain, ve bhaarateeya sthaapatya ke abhinn ang hain. yahaan paramparaagat baarateeya chhajje bhi hain, jo ki aath feet deevaar se baahar ko nikle hue hain aur neeche pushpaakruti se sampann hain. ye bhavan ko seedhi dhoop ke khidkiyon mein padne se aur monsoon mein varsha ke jal aur fuhaar ko jaane se rokate hain. chhat ke oopar bani kai chhatariyaan, bavan ki chhat ke us bhaag ko, jahaan mukhya gumbad naheen bana hai, vahaan ke sapaat drushya hone se rokateen hain. lootyans ne kai bhaarateeya shaili ke namoonon ko upayukt sthaanon par prayukt kiya hai, jo ki kaafi prabhaavashaali hain. inmein se kuchh hain, baag mein bane naag, stambhon par bane saje dhaje haathi (chitrit) aur chhote khambhon par lage hue baithe hue Singh (chitrit). british shilpkaar Charles saarjiyent jaigar, jo ki apne banaaye kai yuddh smaarakon ke liye jaane jaate hain, ne baahari deevaaron par bane haathiyon ki sajaavat ki thi. iske saath hi Jaipur stambh ke nikat ka poorn baas rileef bhi unheen ne banavaaya tha. ^[1].

laal baluaa patthar se bani jaaliyaan bhi bhaarateeya sthaapatya se prerit theen. bhavan ke aage ki or, poorvi or, baarah asamaan sthit stambh hain, jinpar oopar ki or, khadi rekhaaon ka border hai aur akainthas ki pattiyon sahit bek bani hai, jiske sang chaar paindent roop mein ghanti bani hai, jo ki bhaarateeya hindu dharm ke mandiron ka ek anivaarya ang hain. pratyek stambh ke pratyek oopari kon par ek ghanti bani hai. yeh kathit tha, ki kyonki ye ghantiyaan shaant hain, isaliye Bhaarat mein british raajya samaapt naheen hoga. praasaad ke saamane ki or koi khidki naheen hai, sivaaya kinaaron ki or bani hui waali ke. lootyans ne bhavan mein kuchh vyaktigat prabhaav bhi daale hain, jaise ki udyaan ki deevaar mein ek sthaan aur state kaksh mein do roshanadaan, jo ki chashmein jaise prateet hote hain. yeh bhavan mukhyat: 1929 mein, baaki nai Delhi ke saath hi, poorn ho gaya tha aur iska aadhikaarik udghaatan san 1931 mein hua tha. yeh ek rochak tathya hai, ki yeh bhavan satrah varsh:on mein poorn hua aur satrah varsh hi british raajya mein rah paaya,. apne nirmaan poorn hone ke aththaarahavein varsh hi, yeh svatantr Bhaarat mein aa gaya. 1947 mein, bhaarateeya svatantrata ke baad, tatkaaleen vaaisarauya vahaan rahate rahe aur antat: 1950 mein bhaarateeya ganatantrata ke baad se yahaan bhaarateeya ganatantr ke raashtrapati rahane lage aur iska naam badal kar raashtrapati bhavan ho gaya. iska gumbad, lootyans ke anusaar roman paintheyan se prerit bataaya gaya tha. vaise yeh moolat: maurya kaal mein bane saanchi stoop, saanchi, madhya pradesh se vyutpann hai. yahaan yooropiyaai aur mugal sthaapatyakala ke ghatak bhi hain. sampoornat: yeh bhavan anya british imaaraton se ekdam bhinn hai. ismein 355 susajjit kaksh hain. iska bhookshetr fal 2,00,000 varg feet (19000 varg meter) hai. is bhavan mein 700 million intein aor 3.5 million ghan feet (85000 ghan meter) patthar laga hai, jiske saath lohe ka nyoonatam prayog hua hai.

praasaad ka khaaka, ek vruhat varg se banaaya gaya hai. yadyapi yahaan anekon aangan aur androoni khule kshetr hain. yahaan vaaisarauya ke liye pruthak skandh hai aur abhyaagaton ke liye pruthak skandh hai. vaaisarauya skandh apne aap mein, ek alag chaar manjila makaan hai, jismein apne swayam ke aangan hain. yeh itna bada hai, ki Bhaarat ke pratham raashtrapati shri raajeindr prasaad ne yahaan na rahakar, paahuna skandh mein rahana pasand kiya. yahi parampara unke uttaraadhikaariyon dvaara bhi anugamit hui. praasaad ke mukhya bhaag ke kendra mein, mukhya gumbad ke theek neeche hai – darbaar hall, jise british kaal mein raajagaddi kaksh kaha jaata tha. tab yahaan vaaisarauya aur unki patni ke liye raajagaddiyaan hoti theen. is kaksh ka antas analankrut hai, jo ki yahaan ke paashaan nakkaashi ko, bajaay pecheeda sajaavat ke, ujaagar karne hetu kiya gaya hai. aise hi adhikaansh kakshon mein kiya gaya hai. yahaan ke stambh bhi baahar ke mukhya stambhon ki bhaanti hi, oopar ghanti aur khadi rekhaaon vaale border sahit hain. deevaaron ke oopar yahi border bhi hain. kaksh ke beech mein ek do tan bhaar ka jhaad-faanoos (shaindeliyr) laga hai, jo ki 33 meter oonchi chhat se latakata hai. is vishaal kaksh ke chaaron konon par sthit hai ek kaksh prati kon. inmein se do state drauving kaksh hain, ek state upper kaksh aur ek state pustakaalaya hain. anya kaksh galiyaare jaise bhi hain, jo ki ek orakhule hain. ye neeche aangan mein khulate hain. ek vruhat bhojan kaksh, baithak kaksh, biliyrds kaksh aur ek bada baul kaksh aur kai jeene hain. praasaad mein sarvatr kai sthaanon par jal ke favvaare aur besin bane hain, jinmein se kuchh vaaisarauya ke aasan ki seedhiyon ke paas bhi hain. inmein aath sangamarmar ke sher chh: jal besinon mein paani daalte hue bane hain. yeh Singh Britain ke soochak the. inmein se ek kaksh ki khuli chhat bhi hai, jo ki prachur maatra mein praakrutik prakaash deti hai.

mukhya gumbad		ganatantr diwas par prakaashit gumbad

madhyavarti gumbad bhaarateeya aur british shailiyon ka sammishran hai. kendra mein ek ooncha taamr gumbad hai, jo ki ek samagr imaarat se alag dikhaai deta hai aur ek oonche dholaakaar ya belanaakaar dhaanche ke oopar sthit hai. bhavan ke chaaron konon ke beech karnarekhaaon ke madhya mein yeh gumbad sthit hai. yeh poore bhavan ki oonchaai ki duguni oonchaai ka hai. san 1913 ke bhavan ki yojana mein jo iski oonchaai thi, use Lord haarding dvaara badhaaya gaya tha. is gumbad mein paramparaagat aur bhaarateeya shailiyon ka mishran hai. lootyans ke anusaar, yeh roop rom ke painthiyn se ubhara hai, lekin yeh bhi bahut sambhav hai, ki isko saanchi stoop ki prerana par banaaya gaya ho. is gumbad ghere hue ek dwaar mandap (porch) bana hua hai, jismein samaan sthit stambh hain, jo ki gumbad ko uthaae hue hain aur in stambhon ke beechh khaali sthaan hai. yeh gumbad ke harek or, sabhi dishaaon mein hain. is ke kaaran hi, yeh gumbad kisi bhi kon se dekhne par, yadi garmi ke dhundhale mausam mein dekhein, to tairata hua prateet hota hai. baahari gumbad ki renaforsd kaankreet cement nirmit gumbad, san 1929 ke lagbhag apna aakaar lene laga tha. is gumbad ka antim paashaan 6 April 1929 ko lagaaya gaya tha. yadyapi iske oopar taamr aavaran san 1930 tak naheen laga tha.

bhavan ke saamane hi Jaipur stambh khada hai, jiske shikhar par tatkaaleen Jaipur ke mahaaraaja dvaara Bhaarat sarkaar ko shubhakaamana svaroop bheja hua kamal par sitaara laga hai.

bhavan ke theek saamane se ek maarg naarangi badarapur bajari se dhanka hua seedha lohe ke mukhya dwaar roopi faatak tak jaata hai, jo ki us faatak se hota hua, dono sachivaalayon, North block aur south block ke beech se ho kar laal deevaaron ke beech se neeche utarata hai aur vijay chauk se hota hua, raajapath kahalaata hai. yeh maarg India gate tak jaata hai. is raaste ke bhavan se faatak ki doori ke theek beecho beech khadaaa hai ek patthar ka gulaabi aur laal stambh, jo kaafi ooncha hai aur usapar Jaipur ke tatkaaleen mahaaraaja dvaara bheja gaya ek chaandi ka shubakaamana prateek ispar oopar laga hai| is kaaran ise Jaipur stanb kaha jaata hai| is stanb ke uttar aur dakshin or, neeche seedhiyaan utarakar do sadkein lagbhag 200 meter tak jaateen hain aur baahari vaghere ke paatakon sankhya 37 aur 35 mein ja milteen hain|

mugal udyaan ka ek drushya, 1962 E.

raashtrapati bhavan ke pichhvaade mugal garden apne kism ka akela aisa udyaan hai, jahaan vishvabhar ke rang-birange foolon ki chhata dekhne ko milti hai. Mysore ke vrundaavan garden ko chhodkar shaayad hi aur koi udyaan iske mukaabale ka hoga. yahaan vividh prakaar ke foolon ki gajab ki bahaar hai. akele gulaab ki hi 250 se bhi adhik kismein hain. mugal garden ki parikalpana ledi haarding ki thi. unhonne shreenagar mein nishaat aur shaaleemaar baag dekhe the, jo unhein bahut bhaaye. bas tabhi se mugal garden unke jehan mein baith gaya tha. Bhaarat ke ab tak jitne bhi raashtrapati is bhavan mein nivaas karte aae hain, unke mutaabik ismein kuchh na kuchh badlaav jaroor hue hain. pratham raashtrapati, dau॰ Rajendra prasaad ne is garden mein koi badlaav naheen karaaya lekin unhonne is khaas baag ko janta ke liye kholne ki baat ki. unheen ki vajah se prati varsh madhya-February se madhya-March tak yeh aakarshak garden aam janta ke liye khola jaata hai.

raashtrapati bhavan ka mukhya pravesh dwaar hai dwaar sankhya 35, jo ki prakaash veer shaastri evenyu (22 November 2002 mein North evenyu se badla hua naam) par sthit hai. inhonne apne sansad sadasya ke kaaryakaal mein yahaan seva ki thi, evam uttar pradesh se the.^[2]

• Bhaarat ke raashtrapati, un kakshon mein naheen rahate, jahaan vaaisarauya rahate the, balki ve paahuna kaksh mein rahate hain. pratham bhaarateeya Governor general shri.si.raajagopaalaachaarya ko svaami shayan kaksh, apni vineet namr ruchiyon ke kaaran, ati aadambarik laga. unke uparaant sabhi raashtrapatiyon ne yahi parampara nibhaai.
• Bhaarat ka raashtrapati bhavan, vishv ke kisi bhi raashtrapati aavaas se kaheen bada hai.
• yahaan ki gulaab vaatika, jo ki mugal udyaan ka ek ansh hai, mein anekon prakaar ke gulaab lage hain, jo ki jan saadhaaran hetu, prati varsh February maah ke dauraan khulati hai.
• is bhavan ke nirmaan mein lohe ka naganya prayog hua hai.
• is praasaad/mahal mein 340 kaksh hain.
• prasiddh hindi film fana ke gaane mera des rangeela ki shooting, uske rehearsal sahit yaheen hui thi.

• 

  nikat ka drushya

• 

  vishaal gumbad

• 

  chhatari mein bani ghantiyaan

• 

  bavan ke oopan bani chhatariyaan

• 

  mukhya dwaar prateet

• 

• sansad bhavan
• mugal udyaan, Delhi

1. ↑ Christopher hasse, the life of sar edvard lootyans, enteek kalektars club, [[{{{date}}}]]. ISBN 0-907462-59-6
2. ↑ "A.N.M.si 21 ij eyarabaurn vid graindoij plaans". tribyoon news service. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021123/ncr1.htm.

• Davies, P. (1985). Splendours of the Raj: British Architecture in India, 1660 to 1947, John Murray Ltd, London.
• Gradidge, R. (1981). Edwin Lutyens, Architect Laureate, George Allen & Unwin, London.
• Irving, R. (1981). Indian Summer: Lutyens, Baker, and Imperial Delhi, Yale University Press, New Haven.
• Nath, A. (2002). Dome over India: Rashtrapati Bhevan, India Book House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.

• President of India: raashtrapati bhavan
• http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~bagchi/delhi/writing/lutyens.html
• raashtrapati bhavan ke sthaapatya par shodh
• Bhaarat ke raashtrapati: raashtrapati bhavan
• si daj chandeegadh praaud, raashtrapati bhavan ke sthaapatya par ek shodhaparak aalekh

vikimeediya kaumans par raashtrapati bhavan se sambandhit media hai.