pooainji

pooainji (Capital) saadhaaranataya us dhanaraashi ko kehte hain jisse koi vyaapaar chalaaya jaae. kintu company adhiniyam ke antargat iska abhipraaya anshapooainji se hain; na ki udhaar raashi se, jise kabhi kabhi udhaar pooainji bhi kehte hain. pratyek company ke liye yeh anivaarya hai ki vah apne seemaaniym mein anshapooainji, jise rajistard, praadhikrut athva ankit pooainji kehte hain, tatha uske nishchit moolya ke anshon mein vibhaajan ka ullekh kare. praadhikrut pooainji ke kuchh bhaag ko nirgamit (ishoo) kiya ja sakta hai aur shesh ko aavashyakataanusaar nirgamit kiya ja sakta hai. nirgamit bhaag ke anshon ke ankit moolya ko nirgamit pooainji kehte hain. janta jin anshon ke kraya ke liye praarthanaapaatr de unke ankit moolya ko praarthit pooainji (Subscribed captial) tatha anshadhaariyon dvaara jitni raashi ka bhugataan kiya jaae use dattapooainji (Paid captial) kehte hain.

company chaahe to nae ansh nirgamit karke anshoopooainji mein vruddhi kar sakti hai, sabhi ya kuchh poornadatt anshon ko skandhon mein parivrtit kar sakti hai sabhi ya kuchh anshon ko kam keemat ke chhote anshon mein parivrtit kar sakti hai athva jin anshon ka nirgaman na hua ho unhein nirast kar sakti hai. ye sab parivartan tabhi sambhav hain jab antirniymon (aartikls ov asosiyeshan) mein inki vyavastha ho.

adhiktar companiyon mein nimn prakaar ke ansh hote hain :

1. poorvaadhikaar ansh (Preference shares)- is shreni ke anshadhaariyon ko nishchit dar se laabhaansh praapt karne ka tatha company ke samaapan ke samay pooainji ke punarbhugataan ka poorvaadhikaar hota hai. aise ansh asancheeya ho sakte hain1 yadi ansh sancheeya hon to kisi varsh laabh na hone ke kaaran inhein laabhaansh na mil sake to ve ise agale varshon mein bhi lene ke adhikaari hain.

2. saadhaaran ansh- (bhaarateeya company adhiniyam, 1956 ke anusaar inhein samata ansh (Equity shares) kehte hain) : poorvaadhikaar anshadhaariyon ke laabhaansh ke bhugataan athva pooainji punarbhugataan ke pashchaat‌ shesh par is shreni ke anshadhaariyon ka adhikaar hota hai.

3. sthagit ansh (Deferred shares)- inhein sansthaapakon ke ansh athva prabandh ansh bhi kehte hain. saadhaaranataya aise ansh company ke sansthaapakon ko hi nirgamit kiye jaate hain. is shreni ke anshadhaariyon ko laabhaansh evam pooainji ke punarbhugataan ka adhikaar anya sabhi shreniyon ke anshadhaariyon ke pashchaat‌ milta hai.

4. vimochanasheel poorvaadhikaar ansh (Redeemable Preference shares)- saadhaaranataya kisi bhi company ko apne ansh swayam kraya karne ka adhikaar naheen hota. kintu yadi company ke antarniymon mein aisa adhikaar ho to company adhiniyam ki vyavasthaaon ke anusaar aise ansh bhi nirgamit kiye ja sakte hain jinka vimochan ho sakta ho arthaat‌ company aise anshon ko vaapas kraya kar sakti hai.

anshadhaariyon ki pratyek shreni ke adhikaar bhi bhinn ho sakte hain aur saadhaaranataya in adhikaaron ki vyavastha company ke antarniymon mein hoti hai. antarniymon mein in adhikaaron mein parivartan karne ka adhikaar hone par inmein parivartan kiya ja sakta hai. antarniymon mein aisi vyavastha na hone par unka sanshodhan kiya ja sakta hai jisse company ko in adhikaaron ke parivartan ka adhikaar praapt ho sake.

• pooainjeevaad
• ansh (share)
• laabhaansh (dividend)