pavitra aatma

the Spirit of God in other religions ke liye, Spirit of God (disambiguation) dekhein.
juaan Simon gutirej ki chitrakaari, kabootar ke roop mein pavitra aatma pavitra parivaar ke oopar darshaaya gaya hai

trimoortipanthi (trineeteriyn) isaai dharm mein, pavitra aatma (poorv angreji bhaasha ke upayog mein : holi ghost (puraane angreji mein guest, "aatma")) pita, putr aur pavitra aatma ki pavitra trimoorti ka ek anya vyakti hai aur vah apne aapamein sarvashaktimaan ishvar hai.[1][2][3] pavitra aatma ko jyaadaatar isaaiyon dvaara teen devataaon mein se ek ke roop mein naheen dekha jaata hai, balki trayaatmak (traayoon) ishvar ke ek roop ki tarah dekha jaata hai, jo apne-aapko teen vyaktiyon ke roop mein prakat karta hai, ya fir yoonaani haaipostetas mein,[4] ek astitv ke roop mein.[5] (triniti ke parsanahood (Personhood) ka arth angreji bhaasha mein prayog hone vaale "parsan" (person) ki aam pashchimi samajh se mel naheen khaata hai - iska arth koi "vyakti, svatantr ichha tatha chaitanya gatividhi ka aatm-kaaryaanvit kendra" naheen hota.)[6][6]

isa charit (gospel) mein isaamaseeh ko bhavishyavakta maseeha ke roop mein prastut kiya gaya hai, jo paani se naheen balki pavitra aatma aur aag se baptisma deta hai.[Lk 3:16] isaamaseeh, antim raatri bhojan ke dauraan, apne aaveg se theek pehle, pita ki or se duniya mein ek anya pakshaposhak (Paraclete), ek pavitra aatma, satya ki aatma [Jn 14:26] bhejane ka vaada karte hain jo, jaisa ki ishvar doot ke kaaryon mein darj hai, isaamaseeh ke svargaarohan ke baad ishvar ki adrushya aadhyaatmik upasthiti ke roop mein isaamaseeh ke dharmadoot ke niyamon aur unke girja ghar ke paalan, upadesh dene, sahooliyt dene ke kaarya karega.

pavitra aatma ke dharmashaastr ko nyumetoloji (pneumatology) kaha jaata hai. nisen panth (ya neesiyaai panth) mein Bhagwan aur jeevanadaata ke roop mein pavitra aatma sandarbhit hai. vah srushtikrtta aatma hai, jo brahmaand ke srujan se pehle maujood tha aur pita yaahaveh dvaara apni saari shakti ke maadhyam se isaamaseeh mein sab kuchh daal diya. puraane vidhaan (old testaameint) aur nae vidhaan (new testaameint) donon mein, sabhi pavitra dharmagranthon ki vyaakhya karne tatha paiganbaron ka netrutv karne ki anumati dene aur prerit karne vaale ke roop mein use shreya diya gaya hai. usaki shakti se, isaamaseeh kunvaari meri ke garbh mein pavitrata ke saath garbhasth hue.[Lk 1:35] unke bapatisma ke samay vah daihik roop se isaamaseeh par utar aaya, ek kabootar ke roop mein,[Mt 3:16] aur svarg se ek aavaaj suni gayi: "tum mere pyaare bete ho".[Lk 3:22] vah aatmaaon ka pavitrakarta hai, madadgaar,[Jn 15:26] saantvanaadaata,[Jn 14:16] krupaadaata hai, jo aatmaaon ko pita tatha putr ki or le jaata hai, jisse vah praapt hua hai. usaki daya aur krupa ke maadhyam se isaai pavitra aatma ke falon ko praapt karte hain.

yeh lekh mukhyadhaara ke isaai dharm ke andar aur gair-trimoorti isaaiyon dvaara grahan ki gayi saajha maanyataaon ka varnan karta hai. is charcha mein ve samooh shaamil hain jinke mukhya dhaarmik siddhaant mukhyadhaara ke isaai dharm ke saath bahut kam mel khaate hain aur saath hi gair-isaai dhaarmik samoohon ke baare mein bhi charcha ki gayi hai.

anukram

mukhyadhaara ke isaai siddhaant

mukhya lekh : Pneumatology
inhein bhi dekhein: Paraclete

mukhyadhaara ke isaai dharm mein pavitra aatma ko triniti (trimoorti) ke teen purushon ya vyaktiyon mein se ek samjha jaata hai. jaise ki vah svayankrut hai aur poori tarah se ishvar bhi hai aur paramapita parameshvar aur ishvar ke putr ke samakaksh aur sahashaashvat hai.[1][2][3] jaisa ki neesiya panth (Nicene Creed) mein varnit hai, vah us paramapita aur unke putr se bhinn hai, jabki vah paramapita se (ya paramapita aur unke putr se) utpann hai.[2] usaki pavitrata nae vidhaan ke susamaachaar[Mk 3:28-30] [Mt 12:30-32] [Lk 12:8-10] mein pratibinbit hoti hai, jo yeh ghoshana karta hai ki pavitra aatma ke khilaaf ishvar-ninda ek akshamya paap hai.

shabd-vyutpatti

the holi spirit (pavitra aatma) aur the holi ghost (pavitra pretaatma) ka arth ek samaan hai. 20veen sadi se pehle angreji mein holi spirit ke liye holi ghost bahut hi aam naam tha. yeh naam aam praarthana ki pustak, Catholic dauya reems baaibil aur King James varjan (kejevi (KJV)) mein prayog hota hai aur ab bhi vyaapak roop se angreji bolanevaalon, jinki dhaarmik shabdaavali bade paimaane par kejevi (KJV) se li gayi hain, ke beech istemaal hota hai. yeh shabd aaj bhi angreji church mein paaramparik-bhaasha ke sanskaar mein barkaraar hai. angreji ke shabd ghost ka mool arth spirit ya sol ke samaanaantar hai; aage chal kar baad vaale shabd ko "mrutak ki dehamukt aatma" ke vishisht arth mein le liya gaya aur aapamaanajanak saanketik arth se jod diya gaya.[7]

1901 mein baaibil ke ameriki maanak sanskaran ko holi spirit ke naam se anudit kiya gaya, jo ki 1881-1885 ke angreji sanshodhit sanskaran par aadhaarit hai. lagbhag sabhi aadhunik angreji anuvaad ne isi anukoolata ka paalan kiya hai.

spirit ke liye yoonaani shabd nyooma (pneuma) hai aur nae vidhaan (new testaameint) mein 385 baar paaya jaata hai. iska istemaal saamaanya arth mein aatma (spirit) ke saath hi saath pavitra aatma ke liye hota hai aur iska arth vaayu ya saans bhi ho sakta hai.

daiveeya kriya-kalaap

maana jaata hai ki isaai ke jeevan ya church mein pavitra aatma vishisht daiveeya kaarya sampann karti hai. jo nimnalikhit hain:

  • paap ki doshasiddhi . abhishpt vyakti ko uske paapapoorn kaaryon aur parameshvar ke saamane paapiyon ke roop mein unki naitikta, donon ke liye pavitra aatma samajhaane ka kaam karti hai.[8]
  • dharmaantaran ke liye pravrutt karna . kisi vyakti ko isaai dharm-mat ke prati nishtha ke tahat laane ke anivaarya hisse ke roop mein pavitra aatma ke kaam ko dekha jaata hai.[9] naya aastik "aatma ke roop mein fir se janm" leta hai.[10]
  • isaai jeevan ko saksham banaana . maana jaata hai ki pavitra aatma ka vaas harek aastik vyakti mein hota hai tatha vah unhein sadaachaar aur nishthaavaan jeevan jeene mein samarth banaati hai.[9]
  • vah ek dilaasa denevaale ya himaayati ke roop mein raksha karti hai, ya samarthan karti hai ya vah vakeel ke roop mein kaam karti hai vishesh roop se parameshvar ke aage peshi ke samay.
  • prerana aur dharmashaastr ki vyaakhya. pavitra aatma isaai aur/ya church ko dharmagranth likhne aur vyaakhya karne donon hi karne ke liye prerit karti hai .[11]

isaamaseeh

aisa maana jaata hai ki pavitra aatma sakriya hoti hai, vishesh roop se isaamaseeh ke jeevan mein, pruthvi mein unhein apne kaarya ko poora karne ke liye saksham karti hai. pavitra aatma ke vishesh kaarya is prakaar hain:

  • unke janm ka kaaran . isaamaseeh ke janm ke susamaachaar vivran ke anusaar, ve ek maanav pita ke dvaara naheen, balki pavitra aatma dvaara garbhasth hue aur kunvaari meri se unka janm hua tha. "avataar ke roop mein unke astitv ki shuruaat" pavitra aatma ke kaaran hui. epostal panth (Apostles' Creed) ka kehna hai ki isaamaseeh "pavitra aatma dvaara garbhasth hue aur varjin meri se paida hue".[12][13]
  • bapatisma mein unka Abhishek hua .[9]
  • unki seva ka sashaktikran . bapatisma (jismein pavitra aatma ko susamaachaar mein "svarg se ek kabootar ke roop mein utarane" ka varnan hai) ke baad isaamaseeh ki seva ko shakti mein sanchaalit kiya gaya aur pavitra aatma ki disha mein agrasarit kiya gaya.[9]

aatma ka fal

mukhya lekh : Fruit of the Holy Spirit

isaaiyon ka maanana hai "pavitra aatma ka fal. aatma ka fal" isaai dharm mein pavitra aatma ke kaaryon dvaara punyaatma ki visheshataaon se utpann hota hai. ye ve hain, jo galaasheeyans 5:22-23 mein soocheebaddh hain: "lekin aatma ka fal love, jauya, pees, pesheins, kaaindanes, gudanes, faithafulanes, jeintalanes aur self-control."[14] roman Catholic church ne is soochi mein udaarata, namrata aur shuddhata ko jod diya hai.[15]

aatma ke upahaar

mukhya lekh : Spiritual gift

isaaiyon ka maanana hai ki pavitra aatma isaaiyon ko 'upahaar' deti hai. vishisht kshamataaon vaale ye upahaar isaai vyaktiyon ko pradaan kiye jaate hain.[9] upahaar ke liye yoonaani shabd karishma ke dvaara ye jaane jaate hain, jinse yeh shabd karishmaai ho jaata hai. naya vidhaan (new taistamaint) teen alag-alag aise upahaar pradaan karta hai, jo ki alaukik (chikitsa, bhavishyavaani, boli) se lekar vishisht aahvaan (shiksha) se sambaddh se lekar harek isaai se apekshit kuchh had tak (vishvaas) tak shreneebaddh hote hai. jyaadaatar yeh maana jaata hai ki ye soochiyaan sampoorn naheen hoti hai aur anya apni soochi taiyaar karte hain. sant embros ne pavitra aatma ke saat upahaaron ke baare mein likha hai ki bapastima ke samay aastikon par in upahaaron ki baadh la di jaati hai (yashaayaah 11:1-2): 1. buddhimtta ki aatma; 2. samajh ki aatma; 3. sammati ki aatma; 4. kshamata ki aatma; 5. gyaan ki aatma; 6. dhaarmikta ki aatma; 7. pavitra bhaya ki aatma.[16]

prakruti aur in upahaaron ki ghatna, visheshakar alaukik upahaaron ko lekar (kabhi-kabhi karishmaai tohafa kahalaata hai), pavitra aatma ke astitv ke baare mein isaaiyon ke beech sabse badi asahamati bani hui hai.

ek rai yeh hai ki isaai dharmadooteeya yugon ke liye alaukik tohafon ke vitran ki vishesh vyavastha hua karti thi, kyonki us samay girjaaghar ki sthiti anokhi thi aur vartamaan samay mein pradaan kiya jaana durlabh ho gaya hai.[17] yeh vichaar Catholic girjaagharon[3] aur mukhyadhaara ke anya isaai samoohon ka hai. vaikalpik rai yeh hai, mukhyat: peintekostal (peintaakostal) sanpradaayon aur karishmaai aandolan ne iska samarthan kiya ki girjaagharon dvaara pavitra aatma aur uske kaaryon ki upeksha ke kaaran alaukik upahaaron ka abhaav hota hai. haalaanki montenist (Montanists) jaise kuchh chhote samoohon mein 19veen shataabdi ke ant mein peintekostal (peintaakostal) aandolan ke vikaas tak alaukik upahaar ka chalan virl tha.[17]

alaukik upahaar ki praasangikta mein aastik kabhi-kabhi pavitra aatma ke bapatisma ya pavitra aatma ke poorak ke baare mein kaha karte hain, jiski un upahaaron ko praapt karne ke kram mein isaai ko anubhav karne ki jaroorat hai. bahut saare girjaaghar maanate hain ki pavitra aatma ka bapatisma roopaantaran ke samaan hai aur yeh bhi ki pavitra aatma mein sabhi isaai bapatisma dvaara paribhaashit hote hain.[17]

prateek

holi spirit dav ka chitran (seint Charles church, viyna, mein seeling fresko, 1700)

pavitra aatma ko siddhaantat: aur bataur baaibil aksar roopak aur prateek donon se jaana jaata hai. dharmashaastr ki drushti se kaha jaae to ye prateek pavitra aatma aur unke kaaryon ko samajhne ki kunji hai aur yeh keval kalaatmak niroopan hi naheen hai.[3][18]

  • jal - bapatisma mein pavitra aatma ke kaarya ko niroopit karti hai, kuchh is tarah se ki "ek aatma [aastik] ke dvaara sabhi ka bapatisma ho gaya", iseeliye ve "ek aatma ko pi lene ke liye bane hain".[1Cor 12:13] is prakaar isaamaseeh kroos par chadhaae jaane se[Jn 19:34] pavitra aatma niji taur par paani mein bhi bas jaati hai[1 Jn 5:8] jaisa iske srot aur shaashvat jeevan par isaai dharm mein bataaya jaata hai.[18][19]
  • Abhishek - prateekaatmak Abhishek ke saath tel pavitra aatma ke mahatva ko bataata hai, ek vindu par yeh pavitra aatma ka paryaaya ban jaata hai. aatma ke aane ko unka "Abhishek" kaha gaya hai.[2Cor 1:21] kuchh sanpradaayon mein iski pushti mein Abhishek ka chalan hai; (poorvi girjaagharon mein "krismeshan"). pavitra aatma dvaara ise poori tarah se praathamik Abhishek ke saath jod kar samjha ja sakta hai, jo ki isaamaseeh ka hai. isaamaseeh (hibroo mein, maseeha (messiah)) jiska arth parameshvar ki aatma dvaara kisi ka "Abhishek" hone se hai.[18][19]
  • agni - pavitra aatma ke kaaryon ka oorja mein roopaantaran ka prateek hai. jeebh ke roop mein "jaise ki agni", pavitra aatma peintaakost ki subah apne shishyon ke bheetar vishraam karti hai.[18][19]
  • baadal aur prakaash - aatma varjin meri par utarati hai aur use "nishprabh" kar deti hai, taaki vah garbhadhaaran kare aur isaamaseeh ko janm de sake. roopaantaran ke shikhar par, aatma "baadal mein utarati hai aur nishprabh kar deti hai" isaamaseeh, moosa aur eliyyaah, Peter, James aur John ko aur ek aavaaj baadalon se nikal kar aati hai, jo kehti hai' yeh mera putr hai, mere dvaara chuna gaya hai; iski baatein suno.

!'"[19][19][Lk 9:34-35]

  • kabootar. jab isaamaseeh apne bapastima ke jal se nikal kar oopar aate hain, ek kabootar ke roop mein pavitra aatma neeche aati hai aur unke saath rahati hai.[18][19][Mt 3:16]
  • vaayu aatma vaayu ki tarah hai "jo jahaan kaheen bhi hogi, vahaan bahti rahati hai"[Jn 3:8] aur "svarg ki ek dhvani ke roop mein prachand vaayu jaisi chalti hai" ke roop mein varnit hai.[Acts 2:24][18]

mukhyadhaara isaai siddhaant mein badlaav

Catholic dharm

roman Catholic dharmashaastr ke anusaar pavitra aatma ka praathamik kaam girjaaghar ke maadhyam se hota hai. dhaarmik shiksha (kaitakijm) ke anusaar: "isaamaseeh aur pavitra aatma ka mission girjaaghar mein poora hota hai, jo ki isaamaseeh ki deh aur pavitra aatma ka mandir hai .[...] girjaaghar ke sanskaaron ke maadhyam se, isaamaseeh apni punyaatma se sampark karte hain aur apni deh ke sadasyon ki aatma ka pavitreekaran karte hain. "

6thi sadi ke aaspaas, neesiya panth ne filiok (Filioque) shabd ko joda, jise pavitra aatma ke shiksha ke siddhaant ke roop mein paribhaashit kiya gaya, jo pita se putr ko praapt hota hai." jabki poorvi Catholic girjaagharon ko filiok mein nihit saiddhaantik shiksha ko maanana apekshit tha, sevaaon ke dauraan jab iska paath kiya jaae to sanpradaaya ka saara kuchh le lena unke liye jaroori naheen tha.

poorvi paramparaanishtha (orthodauksi)

poorvi orthodauksi ka daava hai ki paramapita devatv ka shaashvat srot hai, jisse putr shaashvat roop se paida hota hai. saamaanya roop se roman Catholic girjaaghar aur pashchimi isaai dharm ke vipreet, paramparaagat (orthodauks) church ne pavitra aatma ki shobha ka varnan karte hue filiok (aur putr) ke upayog ko grahan naheen kiya. 589 mein thard kaaunsil of toledo mein pehli baar filiok ka jik kiya gaya aur 11veen sadi mein roman Catholic girjaaghar dvaara moolamantr mein ise joda gaya. pavitra aatma ke liye maana jaata hai ki shaashvat roop se paramapita se utpann hota hai, aisa isaamaseeh ka John 15:26 mein kehna hai; na ki paramapita aur putr se, jaisa ki roman Catholic aur protesteint girjaaghar daava karte hain. pavitra trimoorti (triniti) ke baare mein orthodauks siddhaant ko vishvaas ke prateek mein (neesiya-konastaintinopoliyaai panth (Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed)) sankshipt kar diya gaya hai. oreeental orthodauks ka upayog aur iski shiksha istarn orthodauks se mel khaati hai. aseeriyn church of the East ne filiok ke bagair panth ke mool nuskhe ko barkaraar rakha hai.

protesteintavaad

uparokt pavitra aatma ke dharmashaastr par roman Catholic church ki tarah mukhyadhaara ke protesteintavaad ke bahusankhyak bhi ek hi tarah ka vichaar rakhate hain. peintekostalavaad (peintaakostal ism) aur shesh protesteintavaad (Protestantism) ke beech ullekhaneeya antar hai.[1][20]

anya isaai vichaaradhaara

pratyaavartan aandolan aur isaamaseeh ke church

19veen shataabdi ke antim charan ke dauraan, pratyaarvatan aandolan mein is drushtikon ko prachalit kiya gaya ki vartamaan samay mein pavitra aatma keval utprerit dharmashaastr ke prabhaav ke maadhyam se kaarya karti hai.[21] is tarkavaadi vichaaradhaara ko Alexander kainpabel se joda gaya, jo "bhaavaatmak shivir baithakon aur unke din ke pratyaarvatan ke roop mein jo unhonne dekha, usase bahut adhik prabhaavit" the.[21] unka maanana hai ki aatma logon ko moksh ki or le jaati hai, lekin samjha gaya ki aatma yeh kaam "shabdon ke anunaya aur vichaaron se prerit hokar usi prakaar se karti hai, jismein ek vyakti ek se doosare ki or jaaya karta hai." yeh vichaar baartan dablyoo ston par abhibhaavi hua, jinka maanana hai ki isaai ke jeevan par aatma ki adhik pratyaksh bhoomika hoti hai.[21] 20veen sadi se, isaamaseeh ke girjaaghar se kai aise the jo is pavitra aatma ke parichaalan ke "shabd-keval" ("word-only") siddhaant se alag ho gaye.[22] jaisa ki aandolan ke ek chhaatr ka kehna hai, "achhe ya bure ke liye ho, jin logon ne tathaakathit shabd keval (vard-onali) siddhaant ki himaayat ki thi unki pakad isaamaseeh ke girjaagharon ke logon ke mano-mastishk par ab naheen rahi. yadyapi apekshaakrut roop se poornataya karishmaai aur teesari lahar ke vichaaron tatha shareer mein hi bane rahane ke vichaar ko kuchh logon ne hi apnaaya, lekin spashtataya aadhyaatmik laharon ne tarkasangat chattaan ko khatm karna shuroo kar diya."[21]

peintekostalijm (Pentecostalism)

1618 lagbhag mein enthani vain dik ki chitrakaari mein peintekost mein pavitra aatma ka avataran.
inhein bhi dekhein: Pentecostalism

jabki sabhi mukhyadhaara sanpradaayon mein pavitra aatma ko ishvar ke roop mein sveekaar kiya gaya hai, lekin peintekostal girjaagharon mein is par vishesh jor diya gaya hai. un charchon mein aadhunik isaaiyon ko laukik tatha alaukik upahaar, jaise ki vaani tatha bhavishyavaani karne ki shakti, dene vaale ke roop mein dekha jaata hai.

peintaakostalijm naamak isaai aandolan ka naam peintaakost ki ghatna se aaya, jab yeeshu ke shishya yarooshalem mein ikatthe hue the tab pavitra aatma ke aane ki yeh ghatna hai.[Acts 2] peintaakostavaadiyon ka maanana hai ki jab kisi vishvaasi ka "pavitra aatma se baptisma" hota hai, tab aatma ke upahaar (jise karishmaata bhi kehte hain) isaamaseeh ke shareer arthaat church ko unnat karne ke liye praaptakarta mein sakriya ho jaate hain. inmein se kuchh upahaar 1 Corinthians 12 mein soocheebaddh hain.

peintaakostal aandolan pavitra aatma ke kaam par vishesh bal deta hai aur vishesh roop un upahaaron par jinka ullekh oopar kiya gaya hai, unka vishvaas hai ki aaj bhi upahaar diye ja rahe hain. peintaakostalavaad ka adhikaansh moksheeya roop se fir se janm ke anubhav se "pavitra aatma ke saath baptisma" ko alag karta hai, yeh aam taur par ek alag anubhav hai jisme ik nae dhang se isaai dvaara aatma ki shakti praapt hona maana jaata hai, is vishvaas ke saath ki injeelavaad ki khaatir ya church (isaamaseeh ka shareer) tatha samudaaya ke andar seva ke liye isaai adhik tatparata se prateekon, chamatkaaron aur aashcharyon ko pradarshit kar sakeinge. kuchh peintaakostalavaadiyon ka maanana hai ki moksh ke liye aatma bapatisma ek aavashyak tatv hai, "dviteeya aasheesh" naheen. in peintaakostalavaadiyon ka maanana hai ki pavitra aatma se bapatisma hone par aatma ki shakti unke jeevan mein vimochit ho jaati hai.

kai peintaakostalavaadi maanate hain ki pavitra aatma ke is ant:pooran (infilling) (baptism) ka nirdeshaatmak praarambhik saakshya hai anya jabaanon mein bol paane ki kshamata (glosoleliya (glossolalia)), aur kisi vyakti vishesh vishvaasi ke jeevan mein pavitra aatma ki upasthiti ke anek aadhyaatmik abhivyaktiyon mein se ek hai vaani ki abhivyakti.

gair-trimoorttivaadi vichaar

mukhya lekh : Nontrinitarianism

paramparaavaadi (aurthodauks) isaai siddhaant se gair-trimoortivaadi (Non-trinitarian) vichaar ullekhaneeya roop se bhinn hain aur aam taur par do shreniyon mein aate hain. kuchh samoohon ka maanana hai ki pavitra aatma parameshvar pita aur parameshvar putr se ek alag satta hai aur kisi anya maayane mein koi alag astitv hone ke bajaay vah unke saath 'ek' hai; laitar de santon ka vishvaas is shreni mein aata hai. anya logon ka maanana hai ki ishvar (arthaat modalijm) ke kuchh pahaloo ya kaarya pavitra aatma ko sandarbhit hain; jehovaaj witness (Jehovah's Witness), kraaistaadelfiyn (Christadelphian), unity church aur vananes peintaakostalijm (Oneness Pentecostalism) vishvaas is shreni mein aate hain.

laitar de seints (Latter Day Saints)

laitar de seint aandolan mein, pavitra pretaatma (aam taur par pavitra aatma ka samaanaarthi) ko ishvareeyamoorti (pita, putr aur pavitra pretaatma)[23] ka teesara bhinn sadasya mana jaata hai,[24] aur uske paas ek "aatma" rupi shareer hota hai,[25] jo ki use pita aur putr se alag karta hai jinke paas jaisa ki kaha jaata hai "manushya ki tarah moort" shareer hote hain.[26]

vananes peintaakostalijm (Oneness Pentecostalism)

anya modalist samoohon ki tarah, vananes peintaakostalijm kehta hai ki pita se alag ya bhinn hone ke bajaay pavitra aatma ishvar ka ek roop hai, yeh pita ka hi bas ek anya naam hai aur paramapita parameshvar, uske putr aur pavitra aatma ke beech ko fark naheen hai.

jehova ke gavaah

jehova ke gavaah ka maanana hai ki pavitra aatma asli maanav naheen hai, balki parameshvar ki shakti hai, jaise ki parameshvar ki divya "saanse" ya "oorja", jiska istemaal unki ichha ko poora karne aur srujan, mukti, pavitrata au divya maargadarshan ke uddeshya mein hota hai aur ve is shabd ka saamaanya taur par laabh naheen uthaate.[27] jehova ke gavaah ek vivranika even laimasan ko uddhrut karta hai: "... paramapita, putr aur... pavitra aatma (en) ek jaisi naheen hoti hain, na hi sankhyaatmak saar ke roop mein aur na hi ek mein teen... tathya iske theek vipreet hai."[28]

kristaadelafiyn

kristaadelafiynon (Christadelphians) ka maanana hai ki vaakyaansh pavitra aatma parameshvar ki kshamata ya man/charitra ke liye sandarbhit hai.[29]

unity girjaaghar

unity girjaaghar dhaarmik shabdon paramapita parameshvar, parameshvar aur pavitra aatma ki aadhyaatmik vyaakhya bauddhik gatividhi: buddhi, kalpana aur abhivyakti ke teen svaroop mein karta hai. ve maanate hain ki yeh ek prakriya hai jismein sabhi abhivyakti sama jaati hai.[30]

gair-isaai darshan

bahaai dharm

bahaai dharm ki avadhaarana sabse mahaan aatma ki hai, jise parameshvar ki seema ke roop mein dekha jaata hai.[31] iska istemaal aamtaur par parameshvar ke doot/paiganbar ke oopar parameshvar ki aatma ke avataran ka varnan karne ke liye kiya jaata hai, jo ki parameshvar ke aavirbhaav ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, tatha inmein isaamaseeh, muhammad aur bahaaulla shaamil hain.[32] bahaai mein aisa maana jaata hai ki pavitra aatma vaahak hai jiske maadhyam se parameshvar ka gyaan seedhe unke doot ke saath jud jaata hai aur vibhinn dharmon mein, alag-alag tarah se jaise moosa ka jhaadi jalaana, jo ki paarasiyon ke liye pavitra agni hai, isaamaseeh ke paas kabootar, muhammad ka doot grebriyl aur bahaaulla ke paas svarg ki apsara ka ismein varnan kiya gaya hai.[33] bahaai dharm is avadhaarana ko khaarij kar deta hai ki devatv mein pavitra aatma parameshvar ka saajhedaar hai, balki maanata hai ki vishuddh saar parameshvar ki visheshata hai.[34]

islaam dharm

mukhya lekh : Holy Spirit (Islam)

islaam dharm mein, ek doot ke roop mein srujit aatma jo daivik kaarya karta hai ya sandesh deta hai, vah aamtaur par doot gaibriyl (arabi: jibrel) ya ruhool kudas (hibroo mein ruach hakodesh) ke saath jod kar dekha jaata hai aur vah pavitra aatma kahalaata hai, lekin vaikalpik roop se parameshvar se srujit aatma jisse usane aadam mein jaan foonka, jannat ke doot aur paiganbar se prerit hota hai. triniti mein vishvaas Quraan mein spasht roop se varjit hai aur yeh bhayaanak paap kahalaata hai. yahi mat parameshvar (Allah) ke dvaitavaad par bhi laagoo hota hai.[35][36]

yahoodi dharm

yahoodi dharm mein parameshvar ki avadhaarana dvaitavaad ki hai aur trimoorti ko vidhrmi maana gaya hai.[krupaya uddharan jodein] baharahaal, ruhool kudas (pavitra aatma) shabd talmood (Talmudic) ya midraasi (Midrashic) saahitya mein paaya jaata hai. kuchh maamalon mein, iska abhipraaya paiganbar ki prerana hota hai, jaba‍aaki anya ise amoort bhautik vishay (haaipostaitajeshan (hypostatization)) ke roop mein ya parameshvar ke liye lakshanaanlakaar mein istemaal karte hai.[37] kuchh had tak rabbi mein "pavitra aatma" ka maanaveekaran kiya gaya hai, lekin yeh parameshvar ki gunavatta usaki ek visheshata ke roop mein hai; na ki devatv mein pratinidhi ke aadhyaatmik vibhaajan ke roop mein, jaisa ki isaai dharm mein hai.[38]

shekhinaah bhi dekhein.

rastaafari dhaarmik aandolan

mukhya lekh : Rastafari movement

isaai dharm se baahar ek dhaarmik aandolan viksit hua, jo rastaafari kahalaaya, yeh holi triniti aur pavitra aatma ki apni anoothi vyaakhya karta hai. haalaanki bahut saare maamooli badlaav hai, ye aamtaur par yeh kehte hain ki yeh haile selaasi hai, jo param pita parameshvar aur parameshvar donon ko moort kar deta hai; jabki holi (balki "hola ") yaani pavitra aatma rasta dharm mein vishvaas karanevaalon (dekhein 'I end I' ('I and I') mein) aur har maanav jaati mein paaya jaata hai. rasta yeh bhi kehta hai ki maanav shareer hi sachcha girjaaghar hai aur yeh bhi ki is girjaaghar (ya "sanrachana ") mein pavitra aatma ka vaas hota hai.

kala mein chitran

inhein bhi dekhein: pashchimi kala mein paramapita parameshvar

jaurdan mein jab isaamaseeh ka bapastima hota hai tab pavitra aatma un par ek kabootar ke roop mein utarati hain; is vivran ke aadhaar par pavitra aatma ko hamesha kabootar ke roop mein darshaaya gaya hai. udghoshana ke bahut saare chitron mein pavitra aatma ko ek kabootar ke roop mein dikhaaya gaya hai, jaise hi mahaadoot gaibriyl ghoshana karte hain ki isaamaseeh meri ke garbh mein aa rahe hain, meri ki or ek prakaash ki kirnein badhne lagti hain.

chitr:RubensAnnunciation1.jpg
roobeins, 1628 dvaara ghoshana
petro perugino, 1498 lagbhag dvaara maseeh ke bapatisma
15 veen sadi mein prakaashit paandulipi ek pavitra aatma ke avataran.musi konde, chaintili.
chitr:Cathedral of Saint Mary & Saint John (Holy Spirit).jpg
steind glaas mein seint mairi aur seint John (bishp) ke kaithedral, kyujn city, filipeens
filipo lipi dvaara drushya, 1459
parameshvar ke donon haath (apekshaakrut asaamaanya) aur kraaist ke bapatisma mein dav ke roop mein pavitra aatma, verochio dvaara, 1472.

ek kabootar mahaan sant gregari ke kaan mein bhi dekha ja sakta hai jaisa ki anya girjaagharon ke father lekhakon ya unke sachivon dvaara unke ‍akiye gaye kaamon ke diye gaye varnan mein darj hai.

kabootar uske bhi samaanaanantar hai, jo jal pralaya ke baad nooh ke liye jaitoon ki shaakha ke saath aata hai (shaanti ke prateek ke roop mein) aur rabi parampara mein paani ki satah ke oopar kabootar ka hona parameshvar ki upasthiti ko darshaata hai.

the book of ekts ne hava ke roop mein peintekost mein parameshvar ke doot ke oopar utarate hue pavitra aatma ka varnan kiya hai aur lapalapaati hui agni ko parameshvar ke doot ke oopar vishraam karte hue dikhaaya gaya hai. kalpana ke aadhaar par is vivran mein pavitra aatma ko kabhi-kabhi agni shikha ke prateek ke roop mein dikhaaya gaya hai.

ling

mukhya lekh : Gender of the Holy Spirit
inhein bhi dekhein: Gender of God in Christianity

yahoodi dharm

hibroo bhaasha ke granthon mein, hibroo baaibil ke puraana vidhaan (old testaameint) mein pavitra aatma (ruach edoniya, ruach L, ruach elohim aadi) sanjnyaa ka streeling hai. iske alaava, parameshvar ki divya upasthiti shekhinaah mein hai aur yeh bhi streeling hai. yahoodi dharmashaastr ka kehna hai ki ve ek hi cheej naheen hain (pavitra aatma divya upasthiti ke samaan naheen hai); baharahaal, donon hi sanjnyaa pepe (pepe) streeling hai.

islaam

pavitra aatma shabd ka anuvaad arabi bhaasha اaaلaaقaaدaaس اaaلaaرaaوaaح mein kiya gaya hai aur sabhi kuraanon mein iska istemaal punling ke roop mein kiya gaya hai.

arabi bhaasha mein "pavitra aatma" سaaكaaيaaنaaة ke roop mein naheen kiya gaya hai jaisa ki iska istemaal sakinaah mein streeling ke roop mein kiya gaya hai. shabd sakinaah ka arth vishraam avastha hai.

isaai dharm

isaamaseeh ne ghoshana ki, "ishvar aatma hai aur jo unki pooja karte hain, unhein aatma aur sachchaai mein poojana hoga."[Jn 4:24] yoonaani granth mein aatma shabd se pehle koi aalekh naheen hai aur yeh shabd ki gunavatta aur iske saar par jor deta hai. iske alaava, pehle vaakya mein aatma shabd jor dene ke liye aaya hai. shaabdik bhaav kuchh is tarah hoga, "nishchit taur par unke saar mein aatma parameshvar hai."

diskavari bibikl equality mein "gaud, gender end bibikl metaafor" sheershak ke tahat ek adhyaaya mein kaha gaya ki parameshvar ko punling shabd ke roop mein dekha jaana vah tareeka hai jismein ham ishvar par alankaarik bhaasha mein baat karte hain, lekin is bhaasha mein yeh pratibinbit naheen hota hai ki vah vaastav mein kaun hai. lekhak is baat ko doharaata hai ki parameshvar aatma hai aur baaibil maanaveekaran aur avataaravaad ke jariye ishvar ko pesh karta hai, jo keval ishvar ki samaanata ko darshata hai.[39]

God is not a sexual being, either male or female─aasomething that was considered to be true in ancient Near Eastern religion. He even speaks specifically against such a view in Num 23:19, where the text has God saying he is not a man [ish], and in Deut 4:15-16, in which he warns against creating a graven image of himself in "the likeness of male and female." But though he is not a male, the "formless" deity (Deut 4:15) has chosen to reveal himself largely in masculine ways.[39]

kala mein jab pavitra aatma ko ek maanaveeya deh ke roop ka prayog karke pesh kiya jaata hai, to vah roop aamtaur par purush ke shareer ka hota hai, aisi shaareerik visheshataaon dvaara vaastavikta ko pesh karne ka iska taatparya naheen hota hai. udaaharan ke liye, teen samaroop vyaktiyon ke roop mein trimoorti (Trinity) ke chitran ke durlabh maamale mein pavitra aatma purush ka pratinidhitv karta hai, pita aur putr ke chitranon ki shaili mein.

kuchh isaai samooh hain, jo yeh sikhaate hai ki pavitra aatma stri hai, ya iska svaroop stri ka hai. baaibil ki mool bhaashaaon mein jahaan pavitra aatma ka taatparya hai vahaan vah jyaadaatar kriyaaon ke lingon par aadhaarit hain. hibroo mein aatma (ruach (ruach)) ke liye shabd streeling hai.[40] yoonaani bhaasha mein (nyooma (pneuma)) shabd kleevaling hai,[40] aur araami, jis bhaasha mein aamtaur par maana jaata hai isaamaseeh bolte the, yeh shabd streeling hai. jyaadaatar bhaashaavidon dvaara aisa naheen maana gaya hai ki vyakti ke ling ka uske naam ke saath koi mahatva hai. baaibil maamalon mein jahaan pavitra aatma ke sarvanaam ke liye purushavaachak sarvanaam ka aur aatma ke liye vipreet ling ka prayog hota hain.[Jn 16:13][40]

siriyaai bhaasha, jiska prayog aamtaur par isa poorv 300 saal pehle hota tha, ki utpatti araami se hui hai. puraane miyaafisaait girjaaghar (baad mein yeh siriyn othrodauks church ban gaya) dvaara diye gaye siriyaai bhaasha ke dastaavej mein aatma shabd ka streeling rdhamashaastr ka utthaan bataata hai, jismein pavitra aatma ko streeling maana gaya hai.[41]

1977 mein branch devidiyn girjaaghar ke neta rodan lois ne aupachaarik roop se sikhaana shuroo kiya ki pavitra aatma svargeeya svaroop mein mahila hain; yahoodi, isaai aur anya srot ke vidvaan aur shodhakartaaon ka aisa kehna hai.[krupaya uddharan jodein]

samaan seekh vaale kuchh anya svatantr muktidaata yahoodi dharm ke dal hain[42] aur kuchh anya "mukhyadhaara" ke sanpradaayon ke saath jude kuchh vidvaan bhi hain, jabki ye sanpradaaya apne aapakon anivaarya roop se jataaya naheen karte, jinke paas devatv ke teesare sadasya ki streeling vyaakhya karanevaala lekhan kaarya hai.[43][44][45]

unity girjaaghar ke sah-sansthaapak Charles filmor ka maanana hai ki pavitra spashtataya parameshvar ke svaroop ka streeling hai, iseeliye "jehova ka pyaar" aur "prem hamesha streeling hai" aisa maana jaata hai.[46]

church kraaist of laitar-de seints mein ling "shaashvat pehchaan aur prayojan ki anivaarya visheshata" ke roop mein dekha gaya hai.[47] eladeees (LDS) girjaaghar ka maanana hai ki hamaare pruthvi par nivaas karne se pehle aadhyaatmik deh mein ling se paribhaashit hokar, hamaara astitv aadhyaatmik roop se vidyamaan rahata hai,[48] aur yeh bhi ki pavitra aatma bhi aisi hi deh hai, lekin vah devatv ka ansh ho gayi thi. eladeees (LDS) girjaaghar ka maanana hai ki devatv ka teenon ansh purush hai.[49]

inhein bhi dekhein

Christianity portal
Spirituality portal
  • pavitra aatma ke saath bapatisma
  • vishvaas upachaaraatmak
  • isaai dharm mein parameshvar
  • chamatkaar
  • aatma-shaastr (nyumaitolauji)
  • lakshan aur chamatkaar
  • aatma mein mrut

sandarbh

  1. ↑ a aa i Millard J. Erickson (1992). Introducing Christian Doctrine.. Baker Book House. pa॰ 103.
  2. ↑ a aa i T C Hammond; Revised and edited by David F Wright (1968). In Understanding be Men:A Handbook of Christian Doctrine. (sixth san॰). Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 54–56 and 128–131.
  3. ↑ a aa i E "Catholic Encyclopedia:Holy Spirit". http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07409a.htm.
  4. ↑ Wikisource-logo.svg "Person". Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company. mein charcha dekhein
  5. ↑ grudem, ven A. 1994. vyavasthit dharmashaastr: baaibal siddhaant ko ek parichay. leesestar, England: intar-vairisiti press, grand raipids, emaaai: jondarvain. prushth 226.
  6. ↑ a aa olsan, Roger E. the story of krischan thiolauji: twenty seinchrij of tredishn emad reform .daaunars grov: intar-vairisiti press, 1999. ISBN 139780830815050. :pp. 185-6.
  7. ↑ "Norfolk schools told Holy Ghost 'too spooky'". The Guardian (London). 2005-04-11. http://education.guardian.co.uk/faithschools/story/0,13882,1457028,00.html. abhigman tithi: 2010-05-04.
  8. ↑ pavitra aatma aur usaka upahaar. J. osavaald saindars. intar-vairisiti press. adhyaaya 5.
  9. ↑ a aa i E u Millard J. Erickson (1992). Introducing Christian Doctrine.. Baker Book House. pp. 265–270.
  10. ↑ haalaanki "fir se janm lena" shabd ka upayog aksar injeel isaaiyon dvaara kiya jaata hai, jyaadaatar sanpradaayon ka manana hai ki nav isaai "naya srujan" aur "fir se janm lena" hai. udaaharan ke liye Catholic vishvakosh dekhein [1]
  11. ↑ T C Hammond; Revised and edited by David F Wright (1968). In Understanding be Men:A Handbook of Christian Doctrine. (sixth san॰). Inter-Varsity Press. pa॰ 134.
  12. ↑ Millard J. Erickson (1992). Introducing Christian Doctrine.. Baker Book House. pp. 267–268.
  13. ↑ Karl Barth (1949). Dogmatics in Outline. New York Philosophical Library. pa॰ 95.
  14. ↑ galaasheeyans 5:22-23 hai, daraasal kehne ka taatparya maanav-aatma se hai, pavitra aatma naheen, jaisa ki galat samajh liya gaya hai. pehle padya ke sandarbh mein padha jaae to yeh darshaata hai ki yahaan maanav-aatma ke baare kaha gaya hai. yoonaan mein, aatma ka isi tarah anuvaad kiya gaya hai, ya to yeh maanav ya parameshvar ki aatma hai, jise is adhyaaya mein galat samajh liya gaya hai. iske alaava, pavitra aatma fal ko vahan naheen karti, isliye uparokt fal vaastav mein maanav aatma dvaara punarnirmit fal hain (punarnirmit - fir se isaai dharm paida hona, pavitra aatma se paripoorn hona) | sanpaadit = paaskal paitriks (kraaist enbesi church, dabalin). lekhak = Stefan ef vinvard | varsh = 1981 | sheershak = aatma ke fal | prakaashak = intar-varsiti press}}
  15. ↑ Catholic church ke dhaarmik ya maulik shiksha, dhaara 1832.
  16. ↑ de saikraameintis 3.8.
  17. ↑ a aa i Millard J. Erickson (1992). Introducing Christian Doctrine.. Baker Book House. pp. 265–275.
  18. ↑ a aa i E u oo David Watson (1973). One in the Spirit. Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 20–25.
  19. ↑ a aa i E u oo Catholic church ke dhaarmik ya maulik shiksha.
  20. ↑ David Watson (1973). One in the Spirit. Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 39–64.
  21. ↑ a aa i E dagalas A. fostar, "vevs of the spirit ageinst a raishanal rock: the impaikt of the peintekosait, kairijmaitik end thard vev moovameints on American charches of kraaist." ristoreshan kvaatarli, 45:1, 2003)
  22. ↑ udahaaran ke liye yeh dekhein, haarve floyad, ij the holi spirit for mi?: a sarch for the meening of the spirit in tude church, 20 seinchari krischan, 1981, ISBN 978-0-89098-446-8, prushth 128
  23. ↑ Wilson, Jerry A. (1992). "Holy Spirit". In Ludlow, Daniel H.. Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: Mcmillan. pa॰ 651. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 0-02-904040-X. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/EoM,3768. "pavitra aatma shabd ka ullekh aksar pavitra aatma ke liye bhi kiya jaata hai. aise maamalon mein pavitra aatma ek vyakti hai."
  24. ↑ McConkie, Joseph Fielding (1992). "Holy Ghost". In Ludlow, Daniel H.. Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: Mcmillan. pa॰ 649. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 0-02-904040-X. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/EoM,3766. "
  25. ↑ di end si 131:7-8 ("abhautik padaarth jaisi ismein koi cheej naheen hai. sabhi aatma padaarth hai, lekin yeh kaheen adhik sookshm aur vishuddh hai aur keval vishuddh aankhon dvaara hi pahachaana ja sakta hai; ham ise naheen dekh sakte; lekin jab hamaara shareer shuddh ho jaaega, tab ham ise dekheinge ki yeh sab padaarth hai.")
  26. ↑ di end si 130:22.
  27. ↑ "Is the Holy Spirit a Person?". Awake!: 14–15. July 2006. http://www.watchtower.org/e/200607a/article_01.htm. "In the Bible, God's Holy Spirit is identified as God's power in action. Hence, an accurate translation of the Bible's Hebrew text refers to God's spirit as “aGod's active force.”".
  28. ↑ "ij IT kleeyarali a baaibal teeching?", shud you bileev in the triniti?, © 1989 vauch tauvar, prushth 7, riprodyoosd hiyr.
  29. ↑ Broughton, James H.; Peter J Southgate. The Trinity: True or False?. UK: The Dawn Book Supply. http://www.biblelight.org/trin/trinind.htm.
  30. ↑ http://www.unitypaloalto.org/beliefs/twenty_questions.html
  31. ↑ `Abdu'l-Bahá (1981) [1904-06]. "The Holy Spirit". Some Answered Questions. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. pp. 108–109. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 0877431906. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/SAQ/saq-25.html.
  32. ↑ Taherzadeh, Adib (1976). The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláah, Volume 1: Baghdad 1853-63. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pa॰ 10. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 0853982708. http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V1/p007-011Ch01.html?back=%3C.
  33. ↑ Abdo, Lil (1994). "Female Representations of the Holy Spirit in Bahá'í and Christian writings and their implications for gender roles". Bahá'í Studies Review 4 (1). http://bahai-library.com/abdo_female_holy-spirit.
  34. ↑ `Abdu'l-Bahá (1981) [1904-06]. "The Trinity". Some Answered Questions. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. pp. 113–115. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 0877431906. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/SAQ/saq-27.html.
  35. ↑ grifith, Sydney H. pavitra aatma, kuraan ka vishvakosh.
  36. ↑ paitrik Hughes, Thomas paitrik Hughes, islaam ka shabdakosh, prushth. 605.
  37. ↑ elan antaramain aur rivka horovitj, ruah ha-kodesh, vishvakosh joodaaika (seedi-rom (CD-ROM) sanskaran, jerusalem: joodaaika malteemeediya/ketar, 1997).
  38. ↑ Joseph abelsan, the immaineins of gaud in raibnikl litrechar (London: maikamiln aur kan, 1912).
  39. ↑ a aa hauus, H. ven (sameekshak). "gaud, gender end baaiblikl metaafaur." J of baaiblikl mainahud end vumanahud, 10:1 (spring 2005) prushth. 64
  40. ↑ a aa i "Catholic Exchange". http://catholicexchange.com/2006/06/24/83561/. abhigman tithi: 2009-05-13.
  41. ↑ http://www.theology.edu/journal/volume3/spirit.htm
  42. ↑ jauya in the world[2]; the tora end testamoni riveeld [3].
  43. ↑ "Martin loothar, protestaint movement ke pravartak, pavitra aatma ko streeling ke roop mein sochane ke liye sharminda naheen hai
  44. ↑ church faadars bilivd the holi spirit vaaj femanin.
  45. ↑ udaaharan ke liye, aar.pi. netelhorst, dharmashaastr ke kvaartj hil haai school ke professor (dakshini bapatisma kanveinshan ke saath sambandhit) is vishay par likha hai. [4][5][6].
  46. ↑ Charles Fillmore. Jesus Christ Heals. pp. 182–183.
  47. ↑ "ling shaashvat pehchaan aur prayojan ki anivaarya visheshata hai", ensaain, October 2008, 67
  48. ↑ "stredning the faimali: kriyeted in the imej of gaud, mel end fimel", ensaain, January. 2005, 48–49
  49. ↑ eladeees (LDS) vishay: pavitra aatma

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