patanyajali
patanyajali yogasootr ke rachanaakaar hai jo hinduon ke chh: darshanon (nyaaya, vaisheshik, saankhya, yog, meemaansa, vedaant) mein se ek hai. bhaarateeya saahitya mein patanyajali ke likhe hue 3 mukhya granth milte hai: yogasootr, ashtaadhyaayi par bhaashya aur aayurved par granth. kuchh vidvaanon ka mat hai ki ye teenon granth ek hi vyakti ne likhe; anya ki dhaarana hai ki ye vibhinn vyaktiyon ki krutiyaaain hain. patanyajali ne paanini ke ashtaadhyaayi par apni teeka likhi jise mahaabhaashya ka naam diya (maha+bhaashya (sameeksha, tippani, vivechana, aalochna)). inka kaal koi 200 E poo maana jaata hai.
anukram
jeevan
patanyajali kaashi mein isa poorv doosari shataabdi mein vidyamaan the. inka janm gonaaradya (goniya) mein hua tha par ye kaashi mein naagakoop par bas gaye the. ye vyaakaranaachaarya paanini ke shishya the. kaasheevaasi aaj bhi shraavan Krishna 5, naagapanchami ko chhote guru ka, bade guru ka naag lo bhaai naag lo kehkar naag ke chitr baaaintate hain kyonki patanyajali ko sheshanaag ka avataar maana jaata hai.
yogadaan
patanyajali mahaan chikitsak the aur inhein hi 'charak sanhita' ka praneta maana jaata hai. 'yogasootr' patanyajali ka mahaan avadaan hai. patanyajali rasaayan vidya ke vishisht aachaarya the - abhrak vindaas, anek dhaatuyog aur lauhashaastr inki den hai. patanyajali sambhavat: pushyamitr shung (195-142 E.poo.) ke shaasanakaal mein the. raaja bhoj ne inhein tan ke saath man ka bhi chikitsak kaha hai.
- yogen chittasya paden vaachaan malan shaareerasya ch vaidyaken.
- yoऽpaakarottan pravaran muneenaan patanyajalin praanjaliraanatoऽsmi.
(arthaat chitt-shuddhi ke liye yog (yogasootr), vaani-shuddhi ke liye vyaakaran (mahaabhaashya) aur shareer-shuddhi ke liye vaidyakashaastr (charakasanhita) denevaale munishreshth paatanjali ko pranaam !)
E.poo. dviteeya shataabdi mein 'mahaabhaashya' ke rachayita patanyajali kaashi-mandal ke hi nivaasi the. munitraya ki parampara mein ve antim muni the. paanini ke pashchaat patanyajali sarvashreshth sthaan ke adhikaari purush hain. unhonne paanini vyaakaran ke mahaabhaashya ki rachana kar use sthirta pradaan ki. ve alaukik pratibha ke dhani the. vyaakaran ke atirikt anya shaastron par bhi inka samaan roop se adhikaar tha. vyaakaran shaastr mein unki baat ko antim pramaan samjha jaata hai. unhonne apne samay ke janajeevan ka paryaapt nireekshan kiya tha. at: mahaabhaashya vyaakaran ka granth hone ke saath-saath tatkaaleen samaaj ka vishvakosh bhi hai. yeh to sabhi jaante hain ki patanyajali sheshanaag ke avataar the. Dravid desh ke sukavi raamachandr Dixit ne apne 'patanyajali charit' naamak kaavya granth mein unke charitra ke sambandh mein kuchh naye tathyon ki sambhaavnaaon ko vyakt kiya hai. unke anusaar aadi shankaraachaarya ke daadaaguru aachaarya gaudpaad patanyajali ke shishya the kintu tathyon se yeh baat pusht naheen hoti hai.
praacheen vidyaaranya svaami ne apne granth 'shankar digvijya' mein aadi shankaraachaarya mein guru govind paadaachaarya ko patanyajali ka rupaantar maana hai. is prakaar unka sambandh advait vedaant ke saath jud gaya.
kaal nirdhaaran
patanyajali ke samay nirdhaaran ke sambandh mein pushyamitr kanv vansh ke sansthaapak braahman raaja ke ashvamedh yajnyaon ki ghatna ko liya ja sakta hai. yeh ghatna E.poo. dviteeya shataabdi ki hai. iske anusaar mahaabhaashya ki rachana ka kaal E.poo. dviteeya shataabdi ka madhyakaal athva 150 E.poorv maana ja sakta hai. patanyajali ki ekamaatr rachana mahaabhaashya hai jo unki keerti ko amar banaane ke liye paryaapt hai. darshan shaastr mein shankaraachaarya ko jo sthaan 'shaareerik bhaashya' ke kaaran praapt hai, vahi sthaan patanyajali ko mahaabhaashya ke kaaran vyaakaran shaastr mein praapt hai. patanyajali ne is granth ki rachana kar paanini ke vyaakaran ki praamaanikta par antim muhar laga di hai.