paryatan



paryatan ek aisi yaatra (travel) hai jo manoranjan (recreational) ya furasat ke kshanon ka aanand (leisure) uthaane ke uddeshyon se ki jaati hai. vishv paryatan sangathan (World Tourism Organization) ke anusaar paryatak ve log hain jo "yaatra karke apne saamaanya vaataavaran se baahar ke sthaanon mein rahane jaate hain, yeh daura jyaada se jyaada ek saal ke liye manoranjan, vyaapaar, anya uddeshyon se kiya jaata hai, yeh us sthaan par kisi khaas kriya se sambandhit naheen hota hai. paryatan duniya bhar mein ek aaraamapoorn gatividhi ke roop mein lokapriya ho gaya hai. 2007 mein, 903 million se adhik antararaashtreeya paryatakon ke aagaman ke saath, 2006 ki tulana mein 6.6 % ki vruddhi darj ki gayi. 2007 mein antarraashtreeya paryatak praaptiyaan USD 856 arab thi.[1] vishv arthavyavastha mein anishchittaaon ke baavajood, 2008 ke pehle chaar maheenon mein aagaman mein 5 % ki vruddhi hui, yeh 2007 mein samaan avadhi mein hui vruddhi ke lagbhag samaan thi.[1]
kai deshon jaise ijipt, Thailand aur kai dweep raashtron jaise fiji ke liye paryatan bahut mahatvapoorn hai, kyon ki apne maal aur sevaaon ke vyaapaar se ye desh bahut adhik maatra mein dhan praapt karte hain aur seva udyog (service industries) mein rojagaar ke avsar paryatan se jude hain. in seva udyogon mein parivhan (transport) sevaaeain jaise krooj pot aur taiksiyaaain, nivaas sthaan jaise hotel aur manoranjan sthal aur anya aatithya udyog (hospitality industry) sevaaeain jaise rijort shaamil hain.
anukram
mahatva
bhaarateeya praachya granthon mein spasht roop se maanav ke vikaas, sukh aur shaanti ki santushti va gyaan ke liye paryatan ko ati aavashyak maana gaya hai.
hamaare desh ke rishi muniyon ne bhi paryatan ko pratham mahatva diya hai. praacheen guruon (braahmanon, rishi - tapasviyon) ne bhi yeh kah kar ki "bina paryatan maanav andhakaar premi hokar rah jaayega." paashchaatya vidvaan sant aagastin ne to yahaaain tak kah diya ki "bina vishv darshan gyaan hi adhura hai." panchatantr naamak bhaarateeya saahitya darshan mein kaha gaya hai "vidhaaktim shilpan taavannaapyanoti maanav: samyak yaavad brajati na bhumo desha - deshaantar:."
paribhaasha
Hunziker aur Krapf ne, san 1941 mein paryatan ko is prakaar se paribhaashit kiya "paryatan gair nivaasiyon ki yaatra aur unke thaharane se utpann sambandh aur prakriyaaon ka yog hai, ye log yahaaain sthaayi roop se nivaas naheen karte hain aur yahaaain par kamaai ki kisi gatividhi se naheen jude hain"[6] 1976 mein, England ki paryatan society ne ise nimnaanusaar paribhaashit kiya" paryatan logon ka kisi baahari sthaan par asthaayi aur, alpakaalik gaman hai, patyek gantavya sthaan mein thaharane ke doraan paryatak saamaanyataya yahaaain rahate hain aur kaam karte hain. ismein sabhi uddeshyon ke liye gaman shaamil hai."In 1981, international asosiyeshan of saaintifik eksaparts in toorijm[7] ne paryatan ko ghar ke vaataavaran ke baahar chayanit vishisht gatividhi ke roop mein paribhaashit kiya.
sanyukt raashtra ne 1994 mein paryatan aankadon ke anusaar ise teen roopon mein vargeekrut kiya: ghareloo paryatan, jismein kisi desh ke nivaasiyon ki keval unke desh ke andar yaatra shaamil hai, inabaaund paryatan jismein gair nivaasiyon ki kisi desh mein yaatra shaamil hai; aur aautabaaund paryatan, jismein nivaasiyon ki doosare desh mein yaatra shaamil hai.
sanyukt raashtra ne paryatan ke teen buniyaadi roopon ko milaakar iski teen vibhinn shreniyaan vyutpann ki, ye hain; ghareloo paryatan, inabaaund paryatan aur raashtreeya paryatan. jismein ghareloo paryatan, aautabaaund paryatan; aur antararaashtreeya paryatan shaamil hai, jo inabaaund paryatan aur aautabaaund paryatan se bana hai.intraabaaund paryatan Korea paryatan sangathan (Korea Tourism Organization) ke dvaara diya gaya ek shabd hai aur ise Korea mein vyaapak roop se sveekaar kiya jaata hain. intraabaaund paryatan, ghareloo paryatan se neetinirmaan prakriya tatha raashtreeya paryatan neetiyon ke kaaryaanvayan mein bhinn hai.
haal hi mein, paryatan udyog in baaund paryatan se intraabaaund paryatan ki aur sthaanaantarit ho gaya hai kyonki kai desh inabaaund paryatan ke liye kathin pratiyogita ka anubhav kar rahe hain. kuchh raashtreeya neeti nirmaataaon ne sthaaneeya arthavyavastha mein yogadaan karne ke liye intra baaund paryatan ko badhaava dene ko praathamikta di hai. aise kuchh udahaaran hain; sanyukt raajya mein "See America", malesiya mein "Malaysia Truly Asia", Canada mein "Get Going Canada" fileepeens mein "Wow Philippines", Singapore mein "Uniquely Singapore", nyoojeelaind mein "100% Pure New Zealand" aur Bhaarat mein "Incredible India" .
vishv paryatan ke aaainkade aur ranking
aise desh jahaaain log sabse jyaada ghoomane jaate hain.
vishv paryatan sangathan (World Tourism Organization) nimn 10 deshon ko antararaashtreeya yaatriyon ki sankhya ke aadhaar par sabse adhik daura kiye jaane vaale desh bataati hai. 2006 ki tulana mein, Ukraine aur Turkey roos, aastriya aur Mexico ko peechhe chhodte huve sheersh das ki soochi mein pravesh kar gaye hain. sabse adhik daura kiye jaane vaale desh Europeeya mahaadveep mein hi bane hue hain .
raink | desh | mahaadveep | antarraashtreeya paryatak aagaman (2007)[1] |
international paryatak aagaman (2006)[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Europe | 819 lakh. | 791 lakh. | |
2 | Europe | 592 lakh. | 585 lakh. | |
3 | uttari amareeka | 560 lakh. | 511 lakh. | |
4 | Asia | 547 lakh | 496 lakh | |
5 | Europe | 437 lakh | 411 lakh | |
6 | Europe | 307 lakh | sanrekhan="daaeain" | |
7 | Europe | 244 lakh. | 231 lakh. | |
8 | Europe | 231 lakh. | 189 lakh. | |
9 | yooreshiya | 222 lakh. | 189 lakh. | |
10 | uttari amareeka | 214 lakh. | 214 lakh. |
antarraashtreeya paryatan praapti
vishv paryatan sangathan (World Tourism Organization) ne apni report mein nimn 10 deshon ko 2007 ke liye sheersh ke 10 paryatan arjakon mein shaamil kiya hai. yeh dhyaan rakhane yogya baat hai ki inmein se adhikaansh Europeeya mahaadveepamein hain lekin abhi bhi sanyukt raajya America sheersh ka arjak hai.
kram | desh | mahaadveep | antarraashtreeya paryatan praaptiyaan (2007)[1] |
antarraashtreeya paryatan praaptiyaan (2006)[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | uttari amareeka | 96.7 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|85.7 arab dollar | |
2 | Europe | 57.8 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|51.1 arab dollar | |
3 | Europe | 54.2 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|46.3 arab dollar | |
4 | Europe | 42.7 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|38.1 arab dollar | |
5 | Asia | 41.9 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|33.9 arab dollar | |
6 | Europe | 37 .6 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|33.7 arab dollar | |
7 | Europe | 36.0 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|32.8 arab dollar | |
8 | oshiniya | 22.2 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|17.8 arab dollar | |
9 | Europe | 18.9 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|16.6 arab dollar | |
10 | yooreshiya | 18.5 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|16.9 arab dollar |
antarraashtreeya paryatan ke sheersh speindaras
vishv paryatan sangathan (World Tourism Organization) ke anusaar nimn 10 deshon ne 2007 ke liye antararaashtreeya paryatan par sabse adhik kharch kiya hai. ek pankti mein paanchavein saal ke liye, jarman paryatak sabse jyaada kharch karte hain[1]Dresdner bank (Dresdner Bank) adhyayan[9] ka poorvaanumaan hai ki 2008 ke liye Germany aur Europe ke log sabse jyaada kharch karne vaale raheinge kyonki anya gantavyon ke paksh mein yu S ke liye adhik maang ke saath ameriki dollar ke vipreet Euro adhik shaktishaali hai.[10]
kram | desh | mahaadveep | antarraashtreeya paryatan vyaya (2007)[1] |
antarraashtreeya paryatan vyaya (2006)[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Europe | 82.9 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daanyein" |73.9 arab dollar | |
2 | uttari amareeka | 76.2 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|72.1 arab dollar | |
3 | Europe | 72.3 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|63.1 arab dollar | |
4 | Europe | 36.7 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|31.2 arab dollar | |
5 | Asia | 29.8 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|24.3 arab dollar | |
6 | Europe | 27.3 arab dollar | sanrekhan="daaeain"|23.1 arab dollar | |
7 | Asia |
26.5 arab dollar |
sanrekhan="daanyein" |
26.9 arab dollar |
|
8 | uttari amareeka |
24.8 arab dollar||sanrekhan="daaeain"| 20.5 arab dollar |
||
9 | yooreshiya | 22.3 arab dollar |
sanrekhan="daaeain"|18.2 arab dollar |
|
10 | Asia | 20.9 arab dollar | 18.9 arab dollar |
sabse jyaada aakarshak sthaan
Forbes Traveller ne 2007 mein paryatan ki drushti se duniya ke 50 sabse adhik aakarshak deshon ki soochi jaari ki, jismein ghareloo aur antararaashtreeya donon hi prakaar ke paryatak shaamil hain.[11] is 50 ki soochi mein nimn 10 sheersh ke aakarshan hain, uske baad kuchh anya prasiddh saaits hain;[12] yeh dhyaan dene yogya baat hai ki sheersh 5 mein se 4 aur sheersh mein se 6 uttar America mahaadveep mein hain .
2007 mein ghareloo aur antararaashtreeya paryatakon ke liye sabse adhik aakarshak[11] paryatan aakarshan mein sheersh 10 ke kram mein. |
|||||
vishv ka kramaankan |
paryatak aakarshan | shahar | desh |
aagantuk ki sankhya (das lakh mein) |
|
1 | times square (Times Square) | New York shahar | 35 | ||
2 | raashtreeya mall aur smaarak park (National Mall & Memorial Parks) | Washington deesi | 25 | ||
3 | vaalt dijni world (Walt Disney World) ka jaadoo kingadam (Magic Kingdom) | jheel byooena vista (Lake Buena Vista), oralaindo (Orlando) | sanyukt raajya amareeka | 16.6 | |
4 | trafaalagar square (Trafalgar Square) | London | 15 | ||
5 | dijni land (Disneyland) | Anaheim (Anaheim), CA | 14.7 | ||
6 | niyaagra prapaat (Niagara Falls) | ontaariyo aur New York | aur![]() |
14 | |
7 | machhuaare ke ghaat (Fisherman's Wharf) aur sunahara gate (Golden Gate) | San Francisco (San Francisco),CA | 13 | ||
8 | tokyo dijni land (Tokyo Disneyland) va tokyo dijni si (Tokyo DisneySea) | tokyo | 12.9 | ||
9 | Notre-Dame de Paris (Notre-Dame de Paris) | peris | 12 | ||
10 | dijni land peris (Disneyland Paris) | peris | 10.6 | ||
|
|||||
11 | cheen ki sabse lambi mahaan deevaar | badaling (Badaling) | 10 | ||
18 | efil tauvar (Eiffel Tower) | peris | 6.7 | ||
31 | grand kainyan | erijona | 4.4 | ||
36 | stechoo of librti (Statue of Liberty) | New York | 4.24 | ||
37 | Vatican aur uske sangrahaalaya | rom | 4.2 | ||
39 | Colosseum (The Colosseum) | rom | 4 | ||
47 | geeja piraamid (Giza Pyramids) | kaayaro (Cairo) | 3 | ||
50 | taaj mahal | Agra | 2.4 |
aise shahar jahaaain log sabse adhik ghoomane aate hain.
Euromonitor ne 2006 mein antararaashtreeya paryatakon ke dvaara duniya mein sabse jyaada ghoome jaane vaale 150 deshon ke kram ko jaari kiya.[5] Euromonitor ke kramaankan ke anusaar nimn 15 pramukh shahar hain;
2006 mein antararaashtreeya paryatakon ke dvaara sabse adhik daura kiye jaane vaale shahar[5] 15 sheersh ke shaharon ka kram |
|||||||||||
shaili = " prushthabhoomi : # ABCDEF ; " | shahar !!shaili = " prushthabhoomi : # ABCDEF ; "|desh!!shaili = " prushthabhoomi : # ABCDEF ; "| intl . aagantuk ki sankhya (laakhon) |
kramaankan | shahar | desh |
intl . aagantuk ki sankhya (laakhon) |
kramaankan | shaili = " prushthabhoomi : # ABCDEF ; " | shahar !!shaili = " prushthabhoomi : # ABCDEF ; " |
intl . aagantuk ki sankhya (laakhon) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | London | 15.64 | 6 | New York shahar | sanrekhan=baaeain | 6.22 | 11 | dabalin (Dublin) | sanrekhan=baaeain| | 4.47 | |
2 | bainkauk | 10.35 | 7 | dubai | 6.12 | 12 | bahareen | 4.42 | |||
3 | peris | 9.70 | 8 | rom | 6.03 | 13 | Shanghai (Shangai) | 4.31 | |||
4 | Singapore | 9.50 | 9 | siyol | 4.92 | 14 | Toronto (Toronto) | 4.16 | |||
5 | Hongkong | 8.14 | 10 | Barcelona | 4.69 | 15 | Kuala Lumpur | 4.12 |
itihaas
dhani logon ne hamesha duniya ki badi imaaraton aur kalaakrutiyon ko dekhne ke liye duniya ke door door ke kshetron tak yaatra ki hai, aisa ve nai bhaashaaeain jaanane (learn new languages), sanskrutiyon ka anubhav karne ke liye, aur nae aur alag svaad ke vyanjanon (cuisine) ko chakhane ke liye karte aae hain. bahut pehle roman ganaraajya (Roman Republic) ke samay mein kuchh sthaan jaise Baiae (Baiae) ameer logon ke liye lokapriya tateeya resort the.
shabd paryatan ka prayog 1811 mein kiya gaya aur paryatak ka 1840 mein.[13] 1936 mein league of nations (League of Nations) ne videshi paryatakon ko aise vyaktiyon ke roop mein paribhaashit kiya jo kam se kam chaubees ghante ke liye videsh yaatra karte hain. uttaraadhikaari, sanyukt raashtra ne is paribhaasha mein 1945 mein sanshodhan kiya aur ismein adhiktam 6 maah ka pravaas shaamil kar diya.[14]
poorv beesaveen shataabdi
aisa kaha ja sakta hai ki Europeeya paryatan ne madhyayugeen teerthayaatra ko aarambh kiya hai.
yadyapi kaintarabari kahaaniyon (Canterbury Tales) mein bataaya gaya hai ki teerthayaatri praarambhik roop se dhaarmik kaaranon se yaatra par jaate the, fir bhi ise avakaash (holiday) maana gaya hai (shabd holiday khud 'holy de' arthaat pavitra din se vyutpann hua hai jo fursat ke kshanon se sambandhit hai.) teerth sthaan bhi paryatan ke pahaloo se kai suvidhaaeain upalabdh karaate hain jismein shaamil hai- bringing back souvenirs, videshi bankon se rin ki praapti, (madhya kaal mein yahoodiyon aur Lombards (Lombards) ne antar raashtreeya network ka upayog shuroo kiya) aur parivhan ke upasthit roopon ke aadhaar par upalabdh sthaan ka upayog shuroo kiya gaya (jaise Vigo (Vigo) ke liye Santiago de Compostela (Santiago de Compostela) ke teerthayaatriyon ke dvaara madhyakaaleen English wine ships bound ka upayog).
aadhunik paryatan mein dhaarmik, dharm nirpeksh aur pavitra teerth sthaan abhi bhi prachalit hain-jaise Ireland mein Lourdes (Lourdes) ya knock (Knock), Pèare simetri Lachaise (Pèare Lachaise Cemetery) mein jim morisn (Jim Morrison) ki kabr aur Graceland (Graceland).
17 veen sadi ke dauraan, England mein ek badi yaatra (Grand Tour) par jaana fashion ban gaya.kuleen (nobility) aur bhadr (gentry) logon ke putr shaikshanik anubhav ke liye Europe ke daure par par bheje jaate the. 18 veen shataabdi badi yaatra ke liye svarn yug tha aur kai Pompeo Batoni (Pompeo Batoni) ke dvaara rom mein bahut se faishanebal aagantukon ko chitrit kiya gaya hai.baikapekar (backpacker) ki aadhunik yaatra badi yaatra ke samaan hi hai, haalaanki saanskrutik avakaash bhi mahatvapoorn hai jaise svaan hailenik (Swan Hellenic) ki peshakash.
svaasthya paryatan
snaan (Bath) mein roman snaan (Roman Baths) par
svaasthya paryatan lambe samay tak maujood raha, lekin aisa athaarahaveen shataabdi tak naheen tha ki yeh mahatvapoorn ban gaya. England mein yeh spa (spa) se sambaddh tha, aise sthaan jahaaain svaasthya kaari mineral jal (mineral water) diya jaata tha, gathiya (gout) se lekar yakrut vikaar aur bronkaaitis (bronchitis) jaisi bimaariyon ka ilaaj kiya jaata tha. sabse lokapriya risaurt the snaan (Bath), cheltanahaam (Cheltenham), Buxton (Buxton), hairoget (Harrogate) aur Tunbridge vels (Tunbridge Wells).'aise jal sthaanon ' par jaane vaale logon ko geindon (balls) aur anya manoranjak cheejon ka upayog karne ki anumati di jaati thi.Continental spa jaise Carlsbad (Karlovy vary (Karlovy Vary)) ne unneesaveen sadi ke kai faishanebal yaatriyon ko aakarshit kiya.
srujanaatmak paryatan.
swayam paryatan ki praarambhik shuruaat se lekar nirmaanaatmak paryatan ne apna astitv saanskrutik paryatan (cultural tourism) ke roop mein banaaye rakha hai. Europe mein logon ko apne pichhle samay ki badi yaatraaon (Grand Tour) ki yaad I, jab kuleen parivaar ke putron ko (jyaadaatar intaraiktiv) shaikshik anubhav ke uddeshya se yaatra par bheja jaata tha. abhi haal hi mein, krispin remand aur Greg richrds, ke dvaara nirmaanaatmak paryatan ko apna naam diya gaya hai, jo association for toorijm end leejr education ke sadasya hain, inhone Europeeya aayog (European Commission) ke liye kai pariyojanaaon ko nirdeshit kiya hai, jismein saanskrutik paryatan, ya shilp paryatan sthaayi paryatan shaamil hai (sustainable tourism).inhone "nirmaanaatmak paryatan" ko mejabaan samudaaya ki sanskruti mein yaatriyon ki sakriya bhaageedaari se sambandhit paryatan ke roop mein paribhaashit kiya hai, jo anaupachaarik shiksha aur aapas mein baithakar ki gayi kaarya shaalaaon ke maadhyam se kaaryaanvit hoti hain.
saath hi, "nirmaanaatmak paryatan" ki avadhaarana ko uchch stareeya sangathanon jaise unesko (UNESCO) ke dvaara apnaaya gaya hai, jo kriyetiv shahar network (Creative Cities Network) ke maadhyam se nirmaanaatmak paryatan ko ek praamaanik (authentic) anubhav maanate hain, yeh ek sthaan (place) ke vishesh saanskrutik lakshanon ko sakreeya roop se samajhne mein madad karta hai.
manoranjan yaatra
manoranjan yaatra United kingadam ke udyogeekaran se sambandhit thi;--yeh pehla Europeeya desh tha jisne badhati hui audyogik janasankhya ke manoranjan ko badhaava diya.praarambh mein, yeh machinery ke maalikon ke utpaadan, kuleen tantr ki aarthik avastha, factory ke maalik aur vyaapaariyon par laagoo hua .ismein naya madhyam varg (middle class) shaamil hai.kauks end kings (Cox & Kings) 1758 mein gathit hui pehli aadhikaarik yaatra company thi. baad mein, shramik varg (working class) furasat ke samay ka laabh uthaane laga.
british mool ka yeh naya udyog kai jagahon ke naamon se parilkshit hota hai. Nice, France mein French Riviera (French Riviera) par samudra ke saamane sabse pehle sthaapit holi de resort Promenade des Anglais ke naam se jaana jaata hai; Europe mahaadveep (continental Europe) mein kai anya aitihaasik resort jo bahut puraane hotel hain unke naam hain hotel Bristol, hotel kaarlatan ya hotel majestik jo angreji graahakon ki prabhaavita ko prardashit karte hain .
kai paryatak furasat mein garmi aur sardiyon donon mein katibandhon mein jaate hain. yeh praay: kyooba, is dominik ganaraajya, Thailand, uttar kveensalaind (North Queensland) Australia aur florida (Florida) mein sanyukt raajya America mein kiya jaata hai..
sheetakaaleen paryatan
[[chit|right|thumb| Matterhorn (Matterhorn) Zermatt ke paas Swiss aalps mein (Swiss Alps).]] sheetakaaleen khelon (Winter sports) ki khoj bade paimaane par british svachhand vargon, ke dvaara ki gayi, praarambh mein 1864 mein Swiss gaanv jaramet (Zermatt) (Valais (Valais)) aur seint moritj (St Moritz) mein inhe khoja gaya. pehle pekejd sheetakaaleen avakaash khel (packaged winter sports holidays)1902 mein edalabodan (Adelboden), Switzerland mein hue.sheetakaaleen khel in svachhand logon ke liye ek praakrutik javaab tha jo thande mausam ke dauraan manoranjan ki talaashakar rahe the.
major ski risaurt vibhinn Europeeya deshon, Canada, America, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, chili aur Argentina ke mukhya bhaagon mein sthit hain.
saamoohik paryatan
janasanchaar yaatra takaneek mein sudhaar ke saath hi viksit ho sakti thi jisne badi sankhya mein logon ko kam samay mein ghoomane ke sthaanon par parivhan (transport) mein madad ki, ab jyaada sankhya mein log khaali samay ka aanand uthaane lage.
sanyukt raajya America mein Europeeya shaili mein, pratham mahaan samudra tateeya sairagaah banaaya gaya, yeh atalaantik city, new jersey (Atlantic City, New Jersey) aur lambe dweep mein tha.
Europe mahaadveep mein, shuruaati risorton mein shaamil the, ostend (Ostend) (brusels ke logon ke liye (Brussels)) aur baulogne sur - - rangaroot (Boulogne-sur-Mer) (charan - de - kelai (Pas-de-Calais)) aur Deauville (Deauville) (Calvados (Calvados)) (peris ke logon ke liye) .
haal hi mein hue vikaas


pichhle kuchh dashakon se paryatan mein roojhaan ek feshan ban gaya hai, vishesh roop se Europe mein jahaaain chhoti avadhi ke liye antararaashtreeya yaatra par jaana aam ho gaya hai.paryatakon ke paas uchch star ki aay, bahut adhik samay hai aur ve adhik padhe-likhe hain, unke paas parishkrut svaad hai. ab behtar gunavatta utpaadon ki maang badh gayi hai, jiske parinaamasvaroop samudra kinaare par chhuttiyaaain bitaane ka baajaar vibhaajit ho gaya hai; log adhik vishesh suvidhaaeain chaahate hain jaise club 18-30 (Club 18-30), quieter resorts, parivaar unmukh chhuttiyon, ya niche market-targeted gantavya hotel (destination hotel).
takaneek aur parivhan dhaanche mein vikaas, jaise janbo jet (Jumbo jet) aur kam laagat waali eyaralaainon (low-cost airlines) aur adhik sulabh havaai addon (airports) ne kai prakaar ke paryatan ko aur adhik kifaayati bana diya hai. jeevan shaili mein bhi parivartan aaya hai, jaise seva nivrut log paryatan mein samay bitaana pasand karte hain. paryatan utpaadon ki Internet bikri (internet sales) ne ise aur adhik sulabh bana diya hai. kuchh saaiton ne ab gatisheel paikejing (dynamic packaging), ki shuruaat ki hai jismein graahak ke anurodh par tailor-made package ke liye ek samaaveshi keemat ka uddharan kiya jaata hai.
paryatan mein kuchh nuksaan bhi rahe hain, jaise 11 September 2001 ke hamlon (September 11, 2001 attacks) aur aatankvaad ne baali aur Europeeya shaharon mein paryatakon par hamla bol diya.Cancúan (Cancúan) ke samudra tateeya resort sahit kuchh paryatan sthal pasand badalne ke kaaran apni lokapriyta kho chuke hain.is sandarbh mein, atyadhik nirmaan aur paryaavarani vinaash paaramparik " soorya aur samudra tat " paryatan se sambandhit hain jo ek gantavya mein dheemi giraavat ka kaaran ho sakte hain.Spain ka kosta Brava (Costa Brava), jo 1960 aur 1970 ke beech ek lokapriya samudra tateeya sthaan raha hai ab apne paryatan udyog mein sankat ka saamana kar raha hai.
26 December 2004 ko 2004 hind mahaasaagar mein aae bhookamp ke kaaran ek sunaami ne hind mahaasaagar ki seema se lage hue Asiaee deshon aur maaladeev par hamla kar diya. dasiyon hajaaron logon ne jeevan kho diya, aur kai paryatakon ki mrutyu ho gayi . is sthaan par vishaal safaai abhiyaan ke saath paryatan ko rok diya gaya hai, yeh is udyog par sankat hai.
kai baar paryatan aur yaatra karna in shabdon ka upayog ek doosare se badal kar kiya jaata hai. is sandarbh mein yaatra ki paribhaasha paryatan ke samaan hai, lekin iska taatparya ek adhik uddeshyapoorn yaatra se hai.paryatan aur paryatak shabdon ka upayog kabhi kabhi pejoratively kiya jaata hai, yeh paryatan sthal aur usaki sanskruti mein paryatakon ki kam ruchi ko darshaata hai.
paaristhitiki paryatan
chikitsa paryatan
jab kisi chikitsa ki keemat mein vibhinn deshon ke beech bahut adhik fark hota hai to log kam keemat ya behtar chikitsa ke liye yaatra karte hain ise "chikitsa paryatan " kehte hain. jaise dakshin poorv Asia, Bhaarat aur poorvi Europe (Eastern Europe) ya vishesh chikitsa prakriya ke sambandh mein vibhinn deshon ki niyman pranaali mein antar hai udahaaran dant chikitsa (dentistry).
shaikshik paryatan
shaikshik paryatan ka vikaas adhyaapan ki badhati lokapriyta, gyaan ke vikaas aur kaksha ke baahar ke vaataavaran mein takaneeki pratispardha ke badhne ke kaaran hua hai. shaikshik paryatan mein yaatra ka mukhya uddeshya hota hai, doosare desh ki sanskruti ke baare mein jaanana aur seekhana (chhaatr vinimay kaaryakram aur adhyayan yaatra) ya bhinn vaataavaran mein kaksha ke andar apni seekhi hui cheejo par kaam karna aur unhein laagoo karna.((antarraashtreeya vyaavahaarik prashikshan kaaryakram)
anya vikaas
nirmaanaatmak paryatan abhi haal hi mein nirmaanaatmak paryatan ko saanskrutik paryatan ke roop mein lokapriyta mil gayi hai, isse paryatakon ne gantavya desh ki sanskruti mein sakriya roop se bhaag liya hai. kai desh is prakaar ke paryatan vikaas ka udahaaran prastut karte hain, ismein you ke, Britain, Spain, Italy aur New Zealand shaamil hain.
saahasik paryatan paryatan ke doraan paryatak kisi saahasik yaatra ki aasha rakhate hain, ek sthaaneeya vyakti se alag, paryatak ka najriya gantavya ko lekar bhinn hota hai.[ niji tour maargadarshak] kisi desh ke baare mein teji se jaanane ka sabse achha tareeka hai aur sthaaneeya logon ki aay badhne mein madad karta hai.
haal ke varshon mein, doosari chhuttiyaaain manaane ka prachalan badh gaya hai kyon ki logon ki vivekaadheen aay mein vruddhi hui hai. ek paryatak rijort ke liye praaroopik sanyojan ek package hai, jaise sardiyon mein skeeng holeede ya ek shahar mein saptaah ke ant mein chhuttiyaaain manaana ya raashtreeya udyaan .
kaala paryatan paryatan ruchi ka ek ubharata hua kshetr kaale " paryatan ke roop mein Lennon and Foley (2000) ke dvaara pahachaana gaya hai. is prakaar ke paryatan mein "kaale" saaiton jaise yuddh bhoomi, bhayaanak drushya ya aparaadhon ke krutyon narasanhaar (genocide) ki kriyaaon vaale sthaanon ki yaatra shaamil hai, udaaharan ke liye, ekaagrata shivir (concentration camps). kaala paryatan naitikta ke liye gambhir khtara hai: kya aisi saaitein dekhne ke liye upalabdh honi chaahiyein, yadi aisa hai to prachaar ke tareeke ki pravruti kaisi honi chaahiye.kaala paryatan vibhinn uddeshyon ke dvaara sanchaalit ek chhota sa aala baajaar hai, jaise shok, smaran, daitya ya jijnyaaasa aur yahaaain tak ki manoranjan iski shuruaati jadein madhyayugeen melon se I hain.[15]
vikaas
vishv paryatan sangathan (World Tourism Organization) (UNWTO) ka poorvaanumaan hai ki antararaashtreeya paryatan 4 % ki ausat vaarshik dar ke saath badhta rahega.[16] 2020 tak Europe sarvaadhik lokapriya gantavya rahega, lekin iska hissa jo 1995 mein 46%tha, 60% gir jaaega.ekeekrut yaatra ki tulana mein Long-haul ki vruddhi thodi teji se hogi aur 2020 tak iska hissa 1995 mein 24% se 18% tak badh jaaega.
E -vaanijya (e-commerce) ke aagaman ke saath paryatan utpaad Internet par sabse adhik kaarobaar vaale utpaadon mein se ek ban gaye hain.paryatan utpaad aur sevaaeain madhyasthon ke maadhyam se upalabdh ho gayi hain, haalaanki paryatan pradaata (hotel, vimaan sevaaon, aadi) apni sevaaon se seedhe bech sakte hain .isne on-line aur paaramparik dukaanon donon hi prakaar ke madhyasthon par dabaav banaaya hai.
yeh sujhaav diya gaya hai ki, prati vyakti paryatan vyaya aur jis ansh tak desh duniya ke sandarbh mein bhoomika nibhaate hain, in donon ke beech mein gahra sambandh hai.[17] na keval paryatan udyog ke mahatvapoorn aarthik yogadaan, se sthaaneeya arth vyavastha ko laabh milta hai, balki yeh us vishvaas ka bhi sanket hai jiske saath duniya bhar ke naagrik sansaadhanon ka laabh uthaate hain. yahi kaaran hai ki paryatan mein vikaas ka koi bhi anumaan us saapeksh prabhaav ka soochak hai jise pratyek desh bhavishya mein anubhav karega.
antariksh paryatan ki ummeed 21 veen sadi pehle chauthaai bhaag mein ki jaati hai, haalaanki paaramparik sthalon ki tulana mein paryatakon ki sankhya kaksh mein kam rahegi, fir bhi antariksh elevetar (space elevator) antariksh yaatra ko sasta banaaega.
takaneeki sudhaar ke kaaran saur shakti (solar-powered) ya bade chalaaye jaane yogya (dirigible) havaai jahaajon par aadhaarit havaai jahaaj hotel banne ki sambhaavana hai. paani ke neeche hotel, jaise Hydropolis (Hydropolis), ke 2009 mein dubai mein khulne ki sambhaavana hai, iska nirmaan kiya jaaega.samudra par paryatakon ka bahut bade krooj jahaajon ya shaayad tairate hue shaharon (floating cities) ke dvaara svaagat kiya jaaega.
nakaaraatmak prabhaav
ek uchch maatra ke paryatakon ko aakarshit karna nakaaraatmak prabhaav daal sakta hai jaise new yaark shahar par ek varsh mein 3 lakh paryatakon ka prabhaav.[18] ya vaataavaran ko kamjor banaane ki kshamata.[19] ya 26 December 2004 ki sunaami ka paryatakon par prabhaav pada hai.[20] paryaavaran (environment) krooj pot pradooshan (cruise ship pollution) ke dvaara kai maayanon mein nakaaraatmak roop se prabhaavit kiya ja sakta hai, ismein gitti paani unmochan (ballast water discharge) aur vimaan se pradooshan (pollution from aircraft) shaamil hai.
yeh bhi dekhiye
- paryatan lekh
- paaristhitiki hotel (Eco hotels)
- Backpacking (yaatra) (Backpacking (travel))
- aatithya udyog (Hospitality industry)
- aatithya prabandh adhyayan (Hospitality management studies)
- aatithya seva (Hospitality Services)
- hotel
- hotel prabandhan (Hotel management)
- aavaas ke prakaar ki soochi (List of types of lodging)
- package avakaash (Package holiday)
- passport (Passport)
- teerthayaatra
- rijaurt taaoon (Resort town)
- paryatan maargadarshak (Tour guide)
- desh ke dvaara paryatan (Tourism by country)
- paryatan bhoogol
- saahitya mein paryatan (Tourism in literature)
- paryatan praudyogiki (Tourism technology)
- paryatak trap (Tourist trap)
- treval agency (Travel agency)
- yaatra aur paryatan pratispardhaatmakata report (Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report)
- vishv paryatan sangathan (World Tourism Organization)
- paryatan ki vishv bindu academy (World-Point Academy of Tourism)
- upalabdh paryatan (Accessible Tourism)
- ksba paryatan (Township tourism)
- graameen paryatan (Rural tourism)
sandarbh
- ↑ a aa i E u oo A khand 6 nan 2
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ a aa i yeh lekh mein 150 shaharon ki poori soochi hai
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ a aa i
- ↑ paryatan report . January 2008 (jarman)
- ↑
- ↑ a aa
- ↑ is website par sheersh ke 50 ki poori soochi dekhein.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ paryatan siddhaant aur vyavahaar, si.koopar, jeflechar, eFyall, di. gilbart, esaWanhill, Pearson shiksha, teesara sanskaran, 2005 Madrid
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
baahari kadiyaaain
- Bhaarat paryatan Bhaarat paryatan ke baare mein jaankaari
- paryatan kosh (Google pustak ; lekhak - haridtt sharma)
- apni yaatra (hindi mein paryatak soochana)
- Bhaarat darshan (paryatan par hindi chittha)
- 3355, en_2649_34389_1_1_1_1_1, paryatan 00.html : udyamita ke liye oiseedi kendra, laghu aur sthaaneeya udyog vikaas paryatan aur paryatan neetiyon mein antarraashtreeya pravruttiyon ke baare mein jaankaari aur aankadon ke liye ek moolyavaan sansaadhan .
- graameen paryatan sansaadhan USDA, raashtreeya krushi pustakaalaya, graameen soochana kendra .
- graameen America mein paryatan ko badhaava dena.USDA, raashtreeya krushi pustakaalaya, graameen soochana kendra .2004 .
- graameen paryatan.USDA, raajya sahakaari anusandhaan, shiksha aur seva vistaar
- aarthik anusandhaan : yaatra aur paryatanaka aarthik prabhaav.yaatra udyog association of America .2004 .
- Bhaarat mein paryatan: ek sinhaavalokan