parnaharit

paudhon ki koshikaaon mein kloroplaast ke klorofil atyadhik maatra mein paai jaati hain.

parnaharit, parn harim ya klorofil ek proteenayukt jatil raasaayanik yaugik hai. yeh varnak patton ke hare rang ka kaaran hai. yeh prakaash-sanshleshan ka mukhya varnak hai. ise fotosinthetik pigmeint bhi kehte hain. iska gathan kaarban, okseejan, naaitrojan tatha maignisiym tatvon se hota hai. klorofil-A tatha klorofil-bi do prakaar ka hota hai. yeh sabhi svaposhi hare paudhon mein paaya jaata hai.

klorofil ke saath saath do anya varnak kairoteen (C₄₀ H₅₆) aur jaithofil (C₄₀ H₅₆ O₂) bhi patton mein paae jaate hain.

klorofil ka mahatva is kaaran hai ki yahi sooryaprakaash ki oorja ka avashoshan kar vaayu ke kaarban daaioksaaid se paudhon mein sharkaraaon, paulishrkaraaon tatha anya jatil kaarbanik yaugikon ka srujan karta hai. yeh swayam bhi soorya ke prakaash dvaara hi banta hai. bahut samay tak iske sanghatan ke sambandh mein hamaara gyaan adhoora tha. vilstetar (Willstatter) naamak jarman rasaayanajnya ne 1911 E. mein is varnak ko shuddh roop mein pruthak kiya aur iske vightit avayavon ke sanghatan ka adhyayan karke iska asthaayi raasaayanik sootr nirdhaarit kiya. unhaanne yeh bhi pata lagaaya ki klorofil do prakaar ke hote hain. ek ko unhonne klaarofil ailfa, ya klorofil-A aur doosare ko klaarofil beeta, ya klaarofil-bi, ki sanjnyaa di. ye donon 3:1 ke anupaat mein patton mein paae jaate hain. hare patton ke 1,000 bhaag mein 2 bhaag klorofil-A ka, 3/4 bhaag klorofil-bi ka, bhaag jainthofil ka aur 1/6 bhaag kairoteen ka rahata hai.

hare patton ya sookhe patton ke choorn se 85% ailkohal ya 80% aiseeton vilaayak dvaara klorofil ka nishkarsh nikaala jaata hai. sookhe choorn ke lagbhag do kilogram se praaya: 13 gram klorofil praapt hota hai. kloreefil-A kuchh neelaapan liye hare rang ka hota hai aur klorofil-bi kuchh peelaapan liye hare rang ka. donon ke sanghatan mein koi vishesh antar naheen hai. ek mein jahaaain methil moolak hai, doosare mein uske sthaan mein aildihaaid moolak hai. isse donon ki okseekaran kriya mein antar aa jaata hai. ailfa klorofil ka vishisht ghoornan - 262 degree aur beeta ka - 267 degree hai. klorofil-A ka aanavik sootr C₅₅ H₇₂ O₅ N₄ Mg aur klorofil-bi ka C₅₅ H₇₀ O₆ N₄ Mg hai.

klorofil, mein 2.6% maigneeshiym rahata hai. ismein loha ya fausforas naheen hota. iske jalavishleshan se methil ailkohal aur feetol ailkohal (C₂₀ H₄₀₀) tatha 8 paairol keindrak praapt hote hain.

klorofil, heemoglobin se bahut kuchh samaanata rakhata hai. heemoglobin maanav tatha anya praaniyon ke rakt ka aavashyak avayav hai. inmein kuchh antar bhi hai. klorofil mom sa padaarth hai. heemoglobin heem aur globin ka aanavik yaugik hai. klorofil vastut: estar prakaar ka yaugik hai, jismein methil aur feetol ailkohal sanyukt hain.

klorofil ke jalavishleshan se methil aur feetol ailkohalon ke saath-saath kaarbokseelik amlon ke lavan praapt hote hain, jinhein klorofilin kehte hain. klorofilin mein ab bhi maigneeshiym rahata hai, jiske kaaran usaka rang hara hota hai. yadi klorofil ka jal vishleshan klorofilej naamak enjaaim mein kiya jaaya, to jo utpaad praapt hota hai use klorofilaaid kehte hain. klorofilaaid sookshm kristaleeya padaarth hai, jabki klorofil akristali hota hai. amlon ke upachaar se maignishiym nikal jaata hai aur ab jo utpaad praapt hota hai use paurafirin kehte hain. paurafirin mein aml aur kshaar donon ke gun hote hain. vibhinn avasthaaon mein vibhinn abhikrmakon ke upachaar se klorofil se anek utpaad praapt hue hain, jinse pata lagta hai ki klorofil mein paairol keindrak rahate hain. in utpaadon ke sanghatan ke aadhaar par klorofil ka fishr ne ek raasaayanik sootr 1939 E. mein diya tha.

• prakaash-sanshleshan