paramaanuvaad

paramaanuvaad (Atomic theory) ke vikaas mein anek vichaarakon ne bhaag liya hai. praacheen vichaarakon mein dimaakraaitas aur kanaad ke naam aur aadhunik vichaarakon mein nyootan, radaraford aur haaisanabarg ke naam vishesh mahatva ke hain.

dimaakraaitas ke anusaar parmaanu parimaan, aakaar aur sthaan mein ek doosare se bhinn hain, parantu inmein gunabhed naheen. sanyog viyog mein gati aavashyak hai aur gati avakaash mein hi ho sakti hai. isaliye paramaanuon ke atirikt avakaash bhi satta ka antim ansh hai. bojhil hone ke kaaran parmaanu neeche girte hain; bhaari parmaanu adhik veg se girte hain aur neeche ke halake paramaanuon se aa takaraate hain. is tarah paramaanuon mein sanyog hota hai. nyootan ne paramaanuon ko bhaari, thos aur ekaras maana aur unamein gunabhed ko bhi sveekaar kiya. parmaanu ki saralata chirkaal tak maanya rahi; naveen bhautiki ne ise amaanya thaharaaya hai. radaraford ke anusaar parmaanu ek nanha sa sauramandal hai, jismein anek ilektraan atyadhik veg se kendra ke gird chakkar laga rahe hain. haaisanavarg ka anirneetata ka niyam ek aur puraane vichaar ko thokar lagaata hai, is niyam ke anusaar paramaanuon ke samoohon ki dasha mein niyam ka shaasan prateet hota hai, parantu vyaktigat kriya mein parmaanu niyam ki upeksha karte hain; inki gati anirneet hai.

kanaad ne paramaanuon mein gunabhed dekha. bhautik dravyon mein gunabhed hai aur is bhed ke kaaran hamein roop, ras, gandh, sparsh aur shabd ka bodh hota hai. sambhavat:, savedanaaon ke bhed ne use paramaanuon mein gunabhed dekhne ko prerana ki. naveen vigyaan kehta hai ki kuchh tatvon ko chhod anya tatvon ke parmaanu akele naheen milte, apitu 2, 3, 4 ke samoohon mein milte hain. kanaad ke vichaar mein paramaanuon ka milkar bhi "chaturanuk banaana srushti mein maulik ghatna hai, is sanyog ka tootana hi sanhaar ya pralaya hai.

• Atomism by S. Mark Cohen.
• Atom: The Incredible World.