padmaakar

reeti kaal ke brajabhaasha kaviyon mein padmaakar (1753-1833) ka mahattvapoorn sthaan hai. moolat: hindeebhaashi na hote hue bhi padmaakar jaise aandhr ke anginat tailang-braahmanon ne hindi aur sanskrut saahitya ki shreevruddhi mein jitna yogadaan diya hai vaisa academic udaaharan anyatr durlabh hai.

moolat: telagu bhaashi inke poorvaj dakshin ke aatreya, aarchanaanas, shabaasya-tripravaraanvit, Krishna yajurved ki taittareeya shaakha ke yashasvi tailang braahman the. padmaakar ke pita mohanalaal bhatt saagar mein bas gaye the. yaheen padmaakar ji ka janm san 1753 mein hua. par ' hindi saahitya ka itihaas' mein aachaarya raamachandr shukl [1] aur 'baaainda distrikt gajetiyr' ke alaava kuchh vidvaan Madhya Pradesh ke saagar ki bajaay uttar pradesh ke nagar baanda ko padmaakar ki janmabhoomi kehte hain- shaayad isliye bhi kyonki bahut se varsh unhonne baanda mein hi bitaae.

padmaakar kaveeshvar ek pratibhaasampann janmajaat kavi the. inhein aashu-kavitt-shakti apne pehle ke kaviyon aur sanskrut-vidvaanon ki sudeergh vansh-parampara se hi praapt thi. unke poore kutunb ka vaataavaran hi kavitaamaya tha. unke pita ke saath-saath unke kul ke anya log bhi bahut samaadrut kavi the, at: unke kul / vansh ka naam hi 'kaveeshvar' pad gaya tha. maatr 9 varsh ki umr mein hi padmaakar utkrusht kavita likhne lage the. Jaipur naresh mahaaraaj jagat Singh ko padmaakar ne apna parichay kuchh is tarah diya tha-

bhatt tilangaane ko, bundelakhand-vaasi kavi, sujas-prakaasi 'padmaakar' sunaama hon

jorat kabitt chhand-chhappaya anek bhaanti, sanskrut-praakrut padhi ju gunagraama hon

haya rath paalaki geind gruh gram chaaroo aakhar lagaaya let laakhan ki saamaan hon

mere jaan mere tum kaanh ho jagatasinh tere jaan tero vah vipr main sudaama hon/

padmaakar raajadarabaari kavi ke roop mein kai nareshon se sammaanit kiye gaye the at: ve anek raajadarabaaron mein sammaanapoorvak rahe. sudhaakar paandeya ne^[1] likha hai- "...padmaakar aise sarasvateeputr the, jin par lakshmi ki krupa sada se rahi. atul sampatti unhonne arjit ki aur sang-saath sada aise logon ka, jo darabaari-sanskruti mein doobe hue log the. ...kaha jaata hai jab vah chalte the to raajaaon ki tarah (unka) juloos chalta tha aur usamein ganikaaen tak rahateen theen..." 'himmat bahaadur virudaavali' ki bhoomika mein deen ji ne likha hai -" ...padmaakar ne apni kaavya-shakti ke prataap se (ek avsar par to) 56 lakh rupaye nakd, 56 gaaainv aur 56 haathi inaam mein paae the...raghunaath Rao ke panna aur Jaipur ke ranivaason mein padmaakar ka parda na tha. utsavon aur tyohaaron ke avsar par raajasi shrrungaar kiye asooryapashya kai kamaneeya-kaantaaon ko unhonne najdeek se dekha tha..."^[2] samay-samay par Nagpur, datiya,sataara, saagar, jaitapur, Udaipur , gvaaliyr, ajayagadh aur booaindi darbaar ki or se unhein bahut sammaan aur dhan aadi mila. panna mahaaraaj hindupati ne unhein paanch gaaainv jaageer mein diye. Jaipur naresh savaai prataap Singh ne ek haathi, svarn-padak, jaageer tatha 'kavi-shiromani' ki upaadhi di aur baad mein Jaipur raaja jagat Singh ne unhein darbaar mein dhan-sanpada aur aadar diya aur saath mein kuchh gaanvon ki jaageer bhi. "kehte hain ki padmaakar apni uttaraavastha mein to aashcharyajanak roop se itne dhanaadhya vyakti ho gaye the ki jrurat padne par kai raajaaon / raajagharaanon tak ki 'aarthik-sahaayata' swayam darabaari kahe jaane vaale is mahaakavi ne ki." unke vanshaj guru kamalaakar 'kamal'[2] aur bhaalachandr Rao is kon se padmaakar ko mugl-yug ke bhaama shaah jaisa maanate hain jinhonne mahaaraana prataap ko mevaad ki sainyashakti punargathit karne ke liye apni sampatti daan kar di thi.^[3]

ajayagadh ke gusaain anoop giri (himmat bahaadur) ki kaavyaatmak-prashansa mein unhonne 'himmat-bahaadur-viroodaavali', Jaipur naresh prataapasinh ke sammaan mein 'prataapasinh-viroodaali' aur savaai jagat Singh ke liye 'jagat-vinod', gvaaliyr ke shaasak daulataraav sindhiya ke sammaan mein aaleejaaprakaash, Jaipur naresh ishvari Singh ki prashasti mein 'ishvar-pacheesi' jaise suprasiddh kavita-granthon ki rachana ki. yon padmaakar ji rachit granthon mein sabse jaane maane sangrahon mein - himmatabahaadur virudaavali, padmaabharan, jagadvinod, raamarasaayan (anuvaad), gangaalahari, aaleejaaprakaash, prataapasinh viroodaavali, prabodh pachaasa, ishvar-pacheesi, yamunaalahari, prataapasinh-safaranaama, bhagvatpanchaashika, raajaneeti, kali-pacheesi, raayasa, hitopadesh bhaasha (anuvaad), ashvamedh aadi pramukh hain.^[4]

padmaakar ne sajeev moort vidhaan karne waali kalpana ke maadhyam se shaurya, shrrungaar, prem, bhakti, raajadarabaar ki sampann gatividhiyon, melo-utsavon, yuddhon aur prakruti-saundarya ka maarmik chitran kiya hai. jagah-jagah laakshanik shabdon ke prayog dvaara ve sookshm-se-sookshm bhaavaanubhootiyon ko sahaj hi moortimaan kar dete hain. unke ritu-varnan mein bhi isi jeevantata aur chitraatmakata ke darshan hote hain. unke aalankaarik varnan ka prabhaav paravarti kaviyon par bhi saghan roop se pada. padmaakar ki bhaasha saras, kaavyamaya, suvyavasthit aur pravaahapoorn hai. anupraas dvaara dhvanichitr khada karne mein ve siddhahast hain. kaavya-gunon ka poora nirvaah unke chhandon mein hua hai. chhandaanushaasan aur kaavya-pravaah ki drushti se doha, savaiya aur kavitt par jaisa asaadhaaran adhikaar padmaakar ka tha, vaisa anya kisi madhyakaaleen kavi ki rachanaaon mein dikhlaai naheen padta.

vrajabhaasha ke alaava sanskrut aur praakrut par bhi padmaakar ka adbhut adhikaar tha- unke aprakaashit sanskrut-lekhan par gahan shodh-kaarya apekshit hai yadyapi dau॰ Baba saaheb aanbedakar maraathavaada vishvavidyaalaya Aurangabad-431 004 phone: 0240-2401962 faiks: 0240-2401962 ke hindi / sanskrut vibhaag ne kabhi isi disha mein kuchh shodh-pariyojanaaen banaai theen.

kaha jaata hai- jeevan ke antim samay mein unhein kushtharog ho gaya tha, jis se vah gangaajal ke oshadhimoolak prayog ke baad antat: svasth bhi ho gaye. jagannaath panditraaj ki tarah ganga ki stuti mein apne jeevan-kaal ki antim kaavya-rachana “ganga-laharee” likh kar Kanpur mein ganga-kinaare unka 80 varsh ki aayu mein san 1833 mein nidhan hua. saagar mein taalaab ghaat par padmaakar ki moorti sthaapit hai.

• nakachhedi tivaari : devanaagar, vatsar-1, ank-1, 'padmaakar kavi' prushth 17
• bhaalachandr kaveeshvar tailang,'maadhuri' ank February 1934, prushth 34
• pandit vishvanaath prasaad mishr : 'padmaakar granthaavali'
• Shiv Singh 'saroj' : 'hindi sahitya ka pratham' itihaas: kavi sankhya 446 prushth 245
• sudhaakar paandeya : 'hindi-saahitya-chintan' 'kala-mandir', Delhi prushth 349-354
• dau॰ bhaalachandr Rao, profesar evam vibhaagaadhyaksh, hindi vibhaag, maraathavaada vishvavidyaalaya dvaara Rajasthan vishvavidyaalaya Jaipur mein diya vyaakhyaan
• sv. pandit ratnagarbh tailang mahaapura aur sv. kamalaakar 'kamal' Jaipur ke sroton se praapt jaankaari tatha 'uttar bhaarateeya aandhr-tailang-bhatt-vanshavruksh' (bhaag-2) sampaadak sv. potakoorchi kanthamani shaastri aur karanji gokulaanand tailang dvaara 'shuddhaadvait vaishnav vellanaateeya yuvak-mandal', naathadvaara se vi. san. 2007 mein prakaashit padmaakar kaveeshvar ki granth-soochi

saaaincha:hindi saahitya

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