paandya raajavansh

paandya
பaaாaaணaa்aaடaaிaaயaaரaa்

lagbhag 1250 C.E. mein paandya raajavansh
raajabhaasha	tamil
raajadhaaniyaaain	korkaai maaduraai
sarkaar	ekaadhiptya
pichhla raashtra	agyaat
agale raashtron	Delhi saltanat, vijyanagar, maaduraai ke naayak

paandya raajavansh (tamil: பaaாaaணaa்aaடaaிaaயaaரaa்) praacheen Bhaarat ka ek raajavansh tha. isne Bhaarat mein 560 se 1300 E tak raaj kiya.

tamil pradesh ka itihaas praarambh se hi mukhya roop se teen raajavanshon ka itihaas raha hai- chol, cher aur, paandya. inmein se paandya raajavansh ka adhikaar is pradesh ke dakshini poorvi chhor par tha. uttar mein paandya raajya puthukkattai raajya tak faila tha; vallaru nadi iski uttari seema thi. saadhaaranataya dakshini traavanakor aur vartamaan tinnevali, madura tatha ramnaad jile hi ismein sammilit the. paadyon ki rajdhani ka naam 'madura' uttar Bhaarat sthit Mathura ke anukaran par tha jo paandavon ke saath inke sabandh ki parampara ki or sanket karta hai. dakshin mein aaj bhi mahaabhaarat ke yuddh ke avsar par paandyon ki sthiti ka nirdesh karti hui anushrutiyaaain hai. 'mahaavans' se gyaat hota hai ki paandya raajya buddh ke samay mein bhi bana raha; is granth mein buddh ke parinirvaan ke kuchh dinon baad lanka ke Rajkumar vijay aur ek paandya Rajkumari ke vivaah ka ullekh hai.

kaatyaayan ne paandya shabd ki utpatti 'paandu' se batalaai hai jisse paandavon ke saath inke sabandh ki anushruti ka samarthan hota hai. megasthaneej ke anusaar paandya desh mein striyon ka shaasan tha; paandya naam herekleej (Krishna ke yoonaani paryaaya, jis megasthaneej ne shaurasenon ka upaasya kaha hai) ki putri pandaaiya ke naam par pada jis uske pita ne 500 haathi, 4000 ghudsavaar aur 1,30,000 paidal sena ke saath sudoor dakshin ka raajya diya jahaaain ke 365 gaaainvon ke log kram se use pati din upahaar dete the. arthashaastr mein paandyakavaat ke moti aur Mathura ke sooti vastron ka ullekh hai. ashok ke doosare aur 13vein shilaabhilekh mein paandyon ka naam dakshin ke padosi raajya ke roop mein aata hai; ashok ne yahaaain manushyon aur pashuon ki chikitsa ka prabandh karaaya, aavashyak aushadhiyon ke utpaadan ki vyavastha karaai aur 'dhamm' ki shiksha ke liye apne doot bheje. kaling naresh khaarabel ke paandya raaj se mukta, mani aur ratn praapt kiye the jo sambhavat: vijyoparaant upahaar ke roop mein the. yoonaani leka straivo se paandya naresh ke dvaara 20 E.poo. mein roman samraat aagastas ke paas doot bhejane ki soochana milti hai. periplas naam ke granth aur taalemi ne pindanoi aur unki naajadhaani madaura ka ullekh kiya hai.

aarambhik itihaas (isaapoorv 3ri shataabdi - 3ri shataabdi E.)

tamil bhaasha ke sangam saahitya se sarvapratham kuchh praacheen paandya raajaaon ke naam unke ullekhaneeya krutyon ke sahit gyaat hote hain. inmein pehla naam nediyon ka hai kintu usaka vyaktitv kaalpanik maaloom hota hai. doosra shaasak palshaalai mudukudubhi adhik sajeev hai. kaha jaata hai, usane anek yagya kiye the aur vijit pradesho ke saath nirdayata ka vyavahaar kiya tha. teesara shaasak nedd jeliyn tha jiska virud (prashasti) tha 'ek aarya' (uttar Bhaarat ka) sena par vijay praapt karanevaala (aariyppadaik dand). ek chhoti si kavita usaki rachana batalaai jaati hai. praacheen paandya nareshein mein sabse adhik prasiddh shaasak ek doosra neddanjeliyn tha jiska raajyakaal 210 E. ke lagbhag tha. alp aayu mein hi sinhaasan par baithate hi usane apne samakaaleen shaasakon ke sammilit aakraman ko vifal kiya, unka chol desh mein khadedkar talaiyaalangaanam ke yuddh mein paraajit kiya aur cher naresh ko bandi banaakar kaaraagaar mein daal diya.

pratham paandya saamraajya (chhathi shataabdi - dasveen shatabdi)

chhathi shataabdi mein paandya raajya par kalabhron ka adhikaar ho gaya tha. kaddangon (590-620) aur uske putr maaravarman aranishoolaamani (620-645) ne kalabhron ke aadhiptya ka ant kar paandya raajya ka punaruddhaar kiya. sheindan athva janyatavarman (645-670) ne cher raajya ki vijay ki thi. kintu usaki prasiddhi apne nyaaya aur shaurya ke kaaran hai. arikesari paraankush maaravarman (670-710) ke saya se pratham paandya saamraajya ke gaurav ka shreeganesh hota hai. paandya saamraajya ka vistaar unki paramparaagat seemaaon ke baahar bhi hua. is saamraajyavaadi neeti ke kaaran usaka uttar mein pallavon aur pashchim mein keralon ke saath sangharsh hua. sambhavat: yahi anushrutiyon mein varnit koon paandya naam ka raaja tha jisne sant sanbadar se prabhaavit hokar shaiv siddhaant ki deeksha li aur jainiyon ko trust kiya. kochchadaiyan ranadheer (710-730) ki prabhuta chol aur cher raajya maanate the. usane kongudesh aur mangalapuram (mangalor) ki bhi vijay ki th. maaravarman raajasinh pratham (730-765) ne pallav naresh nadivrman mallavamall ko kai yuddhon mein paraajit kiya. usane kaaveri nadi paarakar malakongam ki vijay ki. pashchimi chaalukya naresh keertivrman dviteeya aur uske gang saamant shreepurush ko usane venvai ke prasiddh yuddh mein paraajit kiya tha. apne gaurav ke anukool usane anek mahaadaan sampann kiye. jatil paraantak nedunjadaiyan ne ja varaguram mahaaraaj pratham (765-815) ke naam se prasiddh hai, paandya saamraajya ke vistaar mein sabse adhik yog diya. usane apne raajyakaal ke praranbhik varshon mein hi pallavon ko kaaveri ke dakshini tat par peinnaagavam naam ke sthaan par paraajit kiya. usane pashchimi kongu desh ke shaasak ke samant adiyaimaan tatha pallav aur Kerala nareshon ki sangathit shakti ko paraajit kar kongu desh ko apne adhikaar mein kar liya. viliym ke sudrudh durg ko nasht kar usane venaad (dakshini traavanakor) ki vijay ki. beech ke pradesh ke aarya saamant ko bhi paraajit kiya tha. paandya satta trichnaapali ke atirikt tanjor, saalem, koyanbattoor aur dakshini traavanakor mein bhi fail gayi thi. usane mahaadev aur vishnu donon ke hi mandiron ka nirmaan karaaya. sambhavat: yahi shaiv sant maanikk vaachagar se sanbadhit varagun tha. shreemaar shreevallabh (815-862) ne prasaar ke kram ko banaae rakha. usane lanka par aakraman kare uske uttari bhaag aur usaki rajdhani ko loota.

pallav naresh nandivmr truteeya ne shreemaar ki vikaasavaadi neeti ke viruddh gang, chol aur raashtrakooton ke saath shaktishaali sangh banaaya. paandyon ko paraajit kar pallav sena unke raajya ke andar ghus gayi thi kintu shreemaar ne apne virodhiyon ko kunbakonam ke sameep paraajit kiya. ant mein vah pallav naresh nrupatung ke haathon arishil ke yuddh mein poori tarah paraajit hua. isi samay lanka ke shasak sen dviteeya ne paandyon ki rajdhani ko loota. shreemaar ki mrutyu yuddh ke ghaavon ke kaaran hui. sinhali senaapati ne shreemaar ke putr varagun varman dviteeya (862-880) ko sinhaasan par baithaaya. varagun varman ne pallavon ki badhti shakti ko rokane ka prayatn kiya kintu fir pallav, chol aur gang vanshon ki sanmilit senaaon ne paandyon ko shreeyuranbiym ke yuddh mein paraajit kiya. paraantak veer Narayan (880-900) ke samay mein chol naresh ne kongu desh ko paandyon se chheen liya. maaravarman raajasinh dviteeya (900-920) ko yadyapi lanka ki sahaayata praapt hui fir bhi use chol naresh paraantak ke haathon paraajit hona pada. pehle usane lanka aur fir Kerala mein sharan li.

cholon ke aadheen (10veen se 13veen shataabdi)

is prakaar paandya raajya cholon ki adheenata mein aa gaya aur praaya: teen shataabdiyon tak usaki koi svatantr satta naheen rahi. kintu paandya raajavansh ne kabhi bhi is apamaanajanak sthiti ko sveekaar naheen kiya aur nirantar vidroh ke dvaara cholon ko chain naheen lene diya. veer paandya dviteeya ne raashtrakut naresh Krishna dviteeya ke aakraman ke kaaran cholon ki vipnn sthiti ka laabh uthaakar apne ko svatantr kar liya. veen paandya ka raajya 15-20 varshon tak raha jismein usane naap taul ke paimaanon ko sudhaarane ka bhi prayatn kiya. vah cholavansheeya aaditya dviteeya ke dvaara maara gaya. kintu raajaraaj pratham ne paandya naresh ka fir paraajit kiya. paandyon ki vidrohaatmak pravrutti ke kaaran raajeindr pratham ne bhi madura par aakraman kiya aur suraksha ki drushti se is pradesh ka shaasan chol paandya upaadhiyukt chol raajakumaaron ko hi dene ka chalan nikaala. lekin praacheen paandya raajavansh ke vyakti fir bhi bach rahe the. praaya: ye lanka ke saath milkar cholon ka virodh karte the. isi se raajeindr pratham aur kulottung pratham ke beech ke sabhi chol naresh paanndya raajaaon par apni vijay ka ullekh karte hain. kulottung pratham ne apne raajyakaal mein paandyon ke vidroh ko kuchalakar raajya ka shaasan paandya raajavansh ke hi vyaktiyon ko saunp diya. kulottung ke baad paandya raajya par cholon ka shaasan siddh karne ke liye koi bhi abhilekh praapt naheen hota. paandya cholon ke adheen the lekin dheere dheere unke prabhaav se mukt hote gaye.

1166 E. mein paraakram paandya aur kulashekhar ke beech uttaraadhikaar ke liye kalah hua. lanka ke naresh paraakramabaahu ne paraakram ki sahaayata ke liye sena bheji. kulashekhar ki sahaayata cholon ne ki. ant mein lanka ki sena paraajit hui. paraakramabaahu ne is sangharsh ke falasvaroop lanka mein apni sthiti ko vipnn paakar kulashekhar ke sinhaasanaadhikaar ko sveekaar kar cholon ke viruddh uske saath ek gupt sandhi ki. cholon ne paandya sinhaasan ke liye veer paandya ka samarthan kiya aur kulashekhar ko bhaga diya. is baar paraakramabaahu ne veer paandya ko cholon ke viruddh apne paksh mein kar liya. kintu chol fir vijayi hue aur unhonne vikram paandya ko madura ke sinhaasan par baithaaya. veer paandya ne bhi cholon ki adheenata sveekaar kar li.

punarutthaan tatha charamotkarsh (13veen - 14veen shataabdi)

cholon ki ksheen hoti hui shakti ka laabh uthaakar paandyon ne apne svatantr raajya ki sthaapana ki. paandyon ke is dviteeya saamraajya ka praarambh jataavarman kulashekhar (1190-1213) se hota hai. kintu jataavarman kulashekhar ki svatantr hone ki laalasa ko chol naresh kulottung truteeya ne daba diya tha. jataavarman ke anuj maaravarman sundar paandya (1216-1238) ne sachche roop mein dviteeya paandya saamraajya ka aarambh kiya. usane chol raajya par aakraman karke chindabaram tak ki vijay ki thi. kintu hoyasalon ke hastakshep karne ke kaaran usane cholon ko adheenata sveekaar karne par hi chhod diya. doosari baar usane chol naresh raajaraaj truteeya ko paraajit kiya kintu is baar bhi hoyasalon ke hastakshep karne par vah chol saamraajya par sthaayi adhikaar na kar saka. fir bhi use raajya ki seemaaeain vistrut theen. maaravarman sundar paandya dviteeya (1248-1251) chol naresh raajeindr truteeya ke haathon paraajit hua tha kintu hoyasalon ne paandyon ka paksh lekar cholon ko manamaani naheen karne diya. jataavarman sundar paandya pratham (1251-68) is vansh ka nishchaya hi sarvashreshth samraat tha. usane apne samakaaleen cher, hoyasal, chol, telugu, kaakateeya aur baan sabhi ka apne paraakram se abhibhoot kiya tha. uske saamraajya ka vistaar lanka se nellor tak ho gaya tha. apni vijyon se praapt vaibhav ka upayog usane chidanbaram aur shreerangam ke mandiron ko aakarshak aur sampann banaane mein kiya. usaki vaibhavapradarshan ki pravrutti uske anek abhilekhon aur tulaabhaaron mein parilkshit hoti hai.

jataavarman ne paandya raajakumaaron ko uparaaja ke roop mein shaasan se sambandhit kiya tha. is paddhati ka ullekh videshi lekhakon ne bhi kiya hai. jataavarman sundar paandya pratham ke saath jataavarman veer paandya pramukh uparaaja tha. maaravarman kulashekhar (1268-1310) ne jataavarman sundar paandya ke antim varshon mein hi uparaaja ke roop mein shaasan aanrabh kar diya tha. swayam uske saath anek uparaaje sambaddh the jinmein pramukh hain jataavarman sundar paandya dviteeya aur truteeya, jataavarman veer paandya dviteeya aur maaravarman vikram paandya. maaravarman kulashekhar is vansh ka antim mahaan samraat tha. usane chol, hoyasal aur lanka ke nareshon tatha anya doosare shaasakon ko fir se paraajit kiya tha. Marco polo aur muslim itihaasakaar vassaaf ne usaki shakti aur vaibhav ka varnan kiya hai.

malik kaafoor ka aakraman

maaravarman ki vruddhaavastha mein uske do putron jataavarman sundar paandya aur jataavarman veer paandya mein sinhaasan ke liye sangharsh hua jismein kulashekhar ki mrutyu hui. paandyon ki ksheen shakti ka laabh uthaakar alaauddeen khalji ke senaapati malik kaafoor ne madura par aakraman kar use loota. kintu paandya raajaaon ki sthiti fir bhi bani rahi. cher naresh ravivrman kulashekhar aur kaakateeyon ne paandya raajya ke kuchh bhaagon par adhikaar kar liya. anek saanmaton ne svatantrata ki ghoshana kar di. paandya raajya par doosra muslim aakraman 1329 E. mein khumaroo khaaain ke adheen hua aur falasvaroop madura mein Delhi ke sultaan ki or se praantapaal ki niyukti hui. fir bhi paandyon ka adhikaar madura, raamanaad, tanjor, dakshini aakati aur pudukkottai par bana raha. kintu kanpan ke dvaara madura par vijyanagar saamraajya ka adhikaar sthaapit hone ke baad paandyon ka prabhutv keval tinnevelli tak hi seemit rah gaya. ab paandyon ka itihaas kramik patan ki katha maatr rah jaata hai. 16veen shataabdi ke aarambh mein is raajavansh ka poorn roop se lop ho jaata hai.

katuङakon --- san 575-600

avaऩai choolaamani --- san 600-625

chॆliyn chendan --- san 625-640

arikesari --- san 640-670

ranadheer --- san 670-710

paraaङakush --- san 710-765

paraantak --- san 765-790

irantaam iraachachimman --- san 790-792

varagunan --- san 792-835

shreevallabh --- san 835-862

varagun varman --- san 862-880

paraantak paandya --- san 880-900

maaravarman raajasinh dviteeya --- san 900–920

moonraam iraachachimman --- san 900-945

veer paandya --- san 946-966

amar bhujang --- san 930-945

shreevallabh paandya --- san 945-955

veerakesari --- san 1065-1070

jataavarman shreevallabh --- san 1145-1150

jataavarman vikram --- san 1149-1158

paraakram paandya --- san 1150-1160

jataavarman paraantak paandya --- san 1150-1162

maaravarman shreevallabh --- san 1132-1162

jataavarman kulashekhar paandya --- san 1162-1175

jataavarman veer paandya --- san 1175-1180

vikram paandya --- san 1180-1190

mutalaam jataavarman kulashekhar --- san 1190-1218

paraakram paandya dviteeya (sinhal ka raaja) --- san 1212–1215

maaravarman sundar paandya --- san 1216-1238

irantaam jataavarman kulashekhar --- san 1238-1250

maaravarman sundar paandya dviteeya --- san 1239-1251

mutalaam jataavarman sundar paandya --- san 1251-1271

irantaam jataavarman veer paandya --- san 1251-1281

maaravarman kulashekhar paandya pratham --- san 1268-1311

maaravarman vikram paandya --- san 1268-1281

irantaam jataavarman sundarapaandya --- san 1276-1293

jataavarman paraakram paandya --- san 1422-1463

moonraam jataavarman kulashekhar paandya --- san 1429-1473

alakan pॆrumaal paraakram paandya --- san 1473-1506

kulashekhar Dave --- san 1479-1499

jataavarman shreevallabh paandya --- san 1534-1543

paraakram kulashekhar --- san 1543-1552

nॆlveli maaran --- san 1552-1564

jataavarman ativeeraraam paandya --- san 1564-1604

varatuङag paandya --- san 1588-1612

varagunaraam paandya --- san 1613-1618