paan

paan
paan ka patta
vaigyaanik vargeekaran
jagat: paadap (ashrenikrut) enjiyosparm (ashrenikrut) maignoliyaaidi gan: paaiparels kul: paaipareshi prajaati: paaipar jaati: P. betle
dvipd naam
paaipar beetl L.

paan Bhaarat ke itihaas evam paranparaaon se gahre se juda hai. iska udbhav sthal malaaya dweep hai. paan vibhinn bhaarateeya bhaashaaon mein alag-alag naamon se jaana jaata hai jaise taambool (sanskrut), pakkoo (telugu), vetilaai (tamil aur malayalam) aur naaguravel (gujaraati) aadi. paan ka prayog hindu sanskaar se juda hai, jaise naamakaran, yajnyaopaveet aadi. vedon mein bhi paan ke sevan ki pavitrata ka varnan hai.

yeh taanbooli ya naagavalli naamak lata ka patta hai. khair, choona, supaari ke yog se iska beeda lagaaya jaata hai aur mukh ki sundarata, sugandhi, shuddhi, shrrungaar aadi ke liye chaba chabaakar use khaaya jaata hai. iske saath vibhinn prakaar ke sugandhit, asugandhit tamaakhoo, tarah tarah ke paan ke masaale, lavang, Kapoor, sugandhadravya aadi ka bhi prayog kiya jaata hai. Madras mein bina khair ka bhi paan khaaya jaata hai. vibhinn pradeshon mein apne apne svaad ke anusaar iske prayog mein tarah tarah ke masaalon ke saath paan khaane ka rivaaj hai. jahaaain bhojan aadi ke baad, tatha utsavaadi mein paan beeda laabhakar aur shobhaakar hota hai vaheen yeh ek durvyasan bhi ho jaata hai. tambaakoo ke saath adhik paan khaanevaale log praaya: iske vyasani ho jaate hain. adhik paan khaane ke kaaran bahuton ke daaaint kharaab ho jaate hain- unamein tarah tarah ke rog lag jaate hain aur muainh se durgandh aane lagti hai.

is lata ke patte chhote, bade anek aakaar prakaar ke hote hain. beech mein ek moti nas hoti hai aur praaya: is patte ki aakruti maanav ke hrudaya (heart) se milti julati hoti hai. Bhaarat ke vibhinn bhaagon mein honevaale paan ke patton ki saikadon kismein hain - kade, mulaayam, chhote, bade, lacheele, rookhe aadi. unke svaad mein bhi bada antar hota hai. katu, kashaaya, tikt aur madhur-paan ke patte praaya: chaar svaad ke hote hain. unamein aushadheeya gun bhi bhinn bhinn prakaar ke hote hain. desh, gandh aadi ke anusaar paanon ke bhi gunardhamamoolak saikadon jaatinaam hain jaise- jagannaathi, baingaali, saaainchi, magahi, saunfiya, kapuri (kapoori) kashakaathi, mahobaai aadi. garm deshon mein, nameevaali bhoomi mein jyaadaatar iski upaj hoti hai. Bhaarat, barma, silon aadi mein paan ki aghik paidaayash hoti hai. iski kheti ki liye bada parishram apekshit hai. ek or jitni ushnata aavashyak hai, doosari or utana hi ras aur nami bhi apekshit hai. deshabhed se iski lata ki kheti aur suraksha mein bhed hota hai. par sarvatr yeh atyant shramasaadhya hai. iski kheti ke sthaan ko kaheen barai, kaheen baraj, kaheen bareja aur kaheen bheeta aadi bhi kehte hain. kheti aadi kataranevaalon ko bare, baraj, barai bhi kehte hain. sinchaai, khaad, seva, ushnata saur chhaaya aadi ke kaaran ismein baraabar saalabhar tak dekhbhaal karte rahana padta hai aur saalon baad pattiyaaain mil paani hain aur ye bhi praaya: do teen saal hi milti hain. kaheen kaheen 7-8 saal tak bhi praapt hoti hain. kaheen to is lata ko vibhinn pedon-maulasiri, jayant aadi par bhi chadhaaya jaata hai. iske bheeton aur chhaaya mein itni thandhak rahati hai ki vahaaain saaainp, bichhoo aadi bhi aa jaate hain.

in hare patton ko seva dvaara safed banaaya jaata hai. tab inhein bahudha paka ya safed paan kehte hain. banaaras mein paan ki seva bade shram se ki jaati hai. magah ke ek kism ke paan ko kai maas tak bade yatn se surakshit rakhakar pakaate hain jise "magahi paan" kaha jaata hai aur jo atyant susvaadu evam moolyavaan jaata hai. samast Bhaarat mein (visheshat: pashchimi bhaag ko chhodkar) sarvatr paan khaane ki pratha atyadhik hai. mugal kaal se yeh musalmaanon mein bhi khoob prachalit hai. sankshep mein, lage paan ko Bhaarat ka ek saanskrutik ang kah sakte hain.

paan ke paudhe

vaigyaanik drushti se paan ek mahatvapoorn vanaspati hai. paan dakshin Bhaarat aur uttar poorvi Bhaarat mein khuli jagah ugaaya jaata hai, kyonki paan ke liye adhik nami va kam dhoop ki aavashyakta hoti hai. uttar aur poorvi praanton mein paan vishesh prakaar ki sanrakshanashaalaaon mein ugaaya jaata hai. inhein bheet ya baroj kehte hain. paan ki vibhinn kismon ko vaigyaanik aadhaar par paanch pramukh prajaatiyon bangala, magahi,^[1] saanchi, deshaavari, kapoori aur meethi patti ke naam se jaana jaata hai. yeh vargeekaran patton ki sanrachana tatha raasaayanik gunon ke aadhaar par kiya gaya hai. raasaayanik gunon mein vaashpasheel tel ka mukhya yogadaan rahata hai. ye sehat ke liye bhi laabhakaari hai. khaana khaane ke baad paan ka sevan paachan mein sahaayak hota hai.^[2]

paan ki dukaan par bikte paan

paan mein vaashpasheel telon ke atirikt ameeno aml, kaarbohaaidret aur kuchh vitaamin prachur maatra mein hote hain. paan ke aushadheeya gunon ka varnan charak sanhita mein bhi kiya gaya hai. graameen anchalon mein paan ke patton ka prayog log fode-funsi upachaar mein pultis ke roop mein karte hain. hitopadesh ke anusaar paan ke aushadheeya gun hain balagam hataana, mukh shuddhi, apach, shvaans sambandhi beemaariyon ka nidaan. paan ki pattiyon mein vitaamin A prachur maatra mein hota hai. praat:kaal naashte ke uparaant kaali mirch ke saath paan ke sevan se bhookh theek se lagti hai. aisa yoojeenaul avayav ke kaaran hota hai. sone se thoda pehle paan ko namak aur ajavaayan ke saath munh mein rakhane se neend achhi aati hai. yahi naheen paan sookhi khaansi mein bhi laabhakaari hota hai.^[3]

Bhaarat ki saanskrutik drushti se taanbool (paan) ka sthaan atyant mahatvapoorn hai. jahaaain vah ek or dhoop, deep aur naivedya ke saath aaraadhya Dave ko chadhaaya jaata hai, vaheen shrungaar aur prasaadhan ka bhi atyaavashyak ang hai. iske saath saath visaalakreeda ka bhi vah ang raha hai. mukhashuddhi ka saadhan bhi hai aur aushadheeya gunon se sampann bhi maana gaya hai. sanskrut ki ek sookti mein taanbool ke gunavarnan mein kaha hai - vah vaatadhn, kruminaashak, kafadoshadoorak, (mukh ki) durgandh ka naashakarta aur kaamagni sandeepak hai. use rdharya utsaah, vachanapatuta aur kaanti ka vardhak kaha gaya hai. sushrut sanhita ke samaan aayurved ke praacheen granth mein bhi iske aushadheeya dravyagun ki mahima varnit hai. ayurvedik chikitsako dvaara vibhinn rogon mein aushadhon ke anupaan ke roop mein paan ke ras ka prayog hota hai. aadhunik vaigyaaniko ne bhi anveshan dvaara iske gunadoshon ka vivran diya hai.

puraanon, sanskrut saahitya ke granthon, stotron aadi mein taanbool ke varnan bhare pade hain. shaakt tantron (sangamatantr-kaaleekhand) mein ise siddhipraapti ka sahaayak hi naheen kaha hai varan yeh bhi kaha hai ki jap mein taanbool-charvan aur deeksha mein guru ko samarpan kiye bina siddhi apraapt rahati hai. use yash, dharm, aishvarya, shreevairaagya aur mukti ka bhi saadhak kaha hai. iske atirikt paaainchaveen shati ke baadavaale kai abhilekhon mein bhi iska prachur ullekh hai. isi tarah hindi ki reetikaaleen kavita mein bhi taanbool ki badi prashansa milti hai - saundaryavardhak aur shobhaakaarak roop mein bhi aur maadak, uddeepak roop mein bhi.

raajaaon aur mahaaraajaaon ke haath se taanboolapraapti ko kavi, vidvaan, kalaakaar aadi bahut badi pratishtha ki baat maanate the. naishadhakaar ne apna gauravavarnan karte hue bataaya hai ki kaanyakubjeshvar se taanbooladvaya praapt karne ka unhein saubhaagya mila tha. mangalakaarya mein, utsavon mein, devapoojan tatha vivaahaadi shubh kaaryon mein paan ke beedon ka prayog hota hai aur uske dvaara aagaton ka shishtaachaaraparak svaagat kiya jaata he. sabka taatparya itna hi hai ki bhaarateeya sanskruti mein taanbool ka mahatvapoorn aur vyaapak sthaan raha hai. Bhaarat ke sabhi bhaagon mein iska prachaar chirkaal se chala aa raha hai. uttar Bhaarat ki samast bhaashaaon mein hi naheen dakshin ki tamil (vettilaai), telagoo (tamaalapaadoo naagavalli), malayalam (vittilla, vetta) aur kanaadi (viledele) aadi bhaashaaon mein iske liye vibhinn naam hain. barmi, sinhali aur arabi faarasi mein bhi iske naam milte hein. isse paan ki vyaapakata gyaat hoti hai.

Bhaarat mein paan khaane ki pratha kab se prachalit hui iska theek theek pata naheen chalta. parantu "vaatsyaayanakaamasootr" aur raghuvansh aadi praacheen granthon mein "taanbool" shabd ka prayog milta hai. is shabd ko anek bhaashaavijnya aaryetar mool ka maanate hai. bahuton ke vichaar se yavadveep iska aadi sthaan hai. taanbool ke atirikt naagavalli, naagavalleedal, taanbooli, parn (jisse hindi ka paan shabd nikla hai), naagarabel (gujaraati) aadi iske naam hain. yeh aushadheeya kaam mein bhi aata hai par iska sarvaadhik upayog ke liye hota hai.

• dainik jaagaran, joolaai 08, 2006 - bade kaam ka hai paan