ootak

ootak (tissue) kisi jeev ke shareer mein koshikaaon ke aise samooh ko kehte hain jinki utpatti ek samaan ho tatha ve ek vishesh kaarya karti ho. adhikaanshat: ootako ka aakaar env aakruti ek samaan hoti hai. parantu kabhi kabhi kuchh utakon ke aakaar env aakruti me asamaanata pai jaati hai, magar unki utpatti env kaarya samaan hi hote hain.

ootak ke adhyayan ko ootak vigyaan (Histology) ke roop mein jaana jaata hai.

maanav ootak mukhyat: paaainch prakaar ke hote hain:

1. upakala
2. sanyoji ootak
3. skeleras ootak
4. peshi ootak tatha
5. tantrika ootak.

upakala (Epithelial Tissue)

yeh ootak shareer ko baahar se dhainkata hai tatha samast khokhale angon ko bheetar se bhi dhainkata hai. rudhirvaahiniyon ke bheetar aisa hi ootak, jise ant:star kehte hain, rahata hai. upakala ke bhed ye hain -

• (k) saadhaaran,
• (kh) stanbhaakaar,
• (g) romash,
• (gh) starit,
• (ch) parivrtanasheel, tatha
• (chh) ranjakakanakit .

sanyoji ootak (Connective tissue)

yeh ootak ek ang ko doosare ang se jodne ka kaam karta hai. yeh pratyek ang mein paaya jaata hai. iske antargat

• (k) rudhir ootak,
• (kh) asthi ootak,
• (g) las ootak tatha
• (gh) vasa ootak aate hain.

rudhir ootak ke, laal rudhirkanika tatha shvet rudhirkanika, do bhaag hote hain. laal rudhirkanika okseejan ka aadaan pradaan karti hai tatha shvet rudhirkanika rogon se shareer ki raksha karti hai. maanav ki laal rudhirkoshika mein nyookliys naheen rahata hai.

asthi ootak ka nirmaan asthikoshika se, jo choona evam fausforas se poorit rahati hai, hota hai. iski ganana ham skeleras ootak mein kareinge,

las ootak lasakoshikaaon se nirmit hai. isi se lasaparv tatha taunsil aadi nirmit hain. yeh ootak shareer ka rakshak hai. aaghaat tatha upasarg ke turant baad lasaparv shothayukt ho jaate hain.

vasa ootak do prakaar ke hote hain : eriolar tatha edipos.

inke atirikt (1) peet ilaistik ootak, (2) myukaaid ootak, (3) ranjak kanakit sanyoji ootak, (4) nyuraagliya aadi bhi sanyoji ootak ke kaarya, aakaar, sthaan ke anusaar bhed hain.

skeleras ootak

yeh sanyoji tantu ke samaan hota hai tatha shareer ka dhaaaincha banaata hai. iske antargat asthi tatha kaartilej aate hain. kaartilej bhi teen prakaar ke hote hain :

• haailaain,
• faaibro-kaartilej, tatha
• ilaistik faaibro-kaartilej ya peet kaartilej.

maanav shareer mein 206 asthiya hoti hai

peshi ootak (Muscular Tissue)

ismein laal peshi tantu rahate hain, jo sankuchit hone ki shakti rakhate hain.

• rekhaankit ya aichhik peshi ootak vah hai jo shareer ko naana prakaar ki gatiyaan karaata hai,
• anaichhik ya arekhaankit peshi ootak vah hai jo aashayon ki deevaar banaata hai tatha
• hrut peshi (cardiac muscle) ootak rekhaankit to hai, parantu aichhik naheen hai.

tantrika ootak (Nervous Tissue)

ismein sanvedanaagrahan, chaalan aadi ke gun hote hain. ismein tantrika koshika tatha nyooraagliya rahata hai. mastishk ke dhoosar bhaag mein ye koshikaaeain rahati hain tatha shvet bhaag mein nyooraagliya rahata hai. koshikaaon se aikson tatha deindraun naak prarvadh nikalte hain. naana prakaar ke ootak milkar shareer ke vibhinn angon (organs) ka nirmaan karte hain. ek prakaar ke kaarya karanevaale vibhinn ang milkar ek tantr (system) ka nirmaan karte hain.

• ootak vigyaan
• ootak sanvardhan