nyaaya (drushtaant vaakya)

sanskrut mein nyaaya (niynti anen ; ni + i + ghanya) ka ek arth samaanata, saadrushya, lokaroodh neetivaakya, upayukt drushtaant, nirdeshana (likeness, analogy, a popular maxim or apposite illustration) aadi hota hai. arthaat koi vilkshan ghatna soochit karanevaali ukti jo upasthit baat par ghatati ho, 'nyaaya' kahalaati hai. aise drushtaant vaakyon (ya kahaavaton) ka vyavahaar lok mein koi prasang aa padne par hota hai.

lokaroodh neetivaakyon ke prayog se kam shabdon mein aur tarkasammat dhang se vichaar vyakt karne mein suvidha hoti hai.

sanskrut mein laukik nyaaya ki sooktiyon ke bhi anek sangrah-granth hain. inmein bhuvanesh ki laikiknyaayasaahasri ke alaava laukik nyaayasangrah, laukik nyaaya muktaavali, laukiknyaayakosh aadi hain. laukik nyaaya sangrah naamak granth ke kartta raghunaath hain. ismein 364 nyaayon ki soochi hain.

anukram

kuchh udaaharan

neeche sanskrut mein prayukt kuchh nyaaya (lokaroodh neeti vaakyaansh) diye hue hai.

arundhateedarshananyaaya - gyaat se agyaat ki or jaana

shaakhaachandranyaaya -

kaakataleeyanyaaya -

ajaakrushaaneenyaaya -

andhachatakanyaaya - andhe ke haath bater lagana

andhagajanyaaya - andha aur haathi

andhagaalaaङalanyaaya - andha aur gaaya ki poonchh

andhapaङagunyaaya - andha aur langada

andhadarpananyaaya - andha aur darpan

nashtaashvadagdharathanyaas - nasht ashv aur jala hua rath

andhaparamparaanyaaya - andh parampara

aranyarodananyaaya - van mein rona

sthoonaanikhnanyaaya - khoonte ko hilaakar pakka karna

ardhakukkuteenyaaya - aadhi murgi khaane ke liye, aadhi ande dene ke liye

ashokavanikaanyaaya - ashok vaatika nyaaya (seeta ko ashok vaatika mein hi kyon rakha?)

ashmaloshtanyaaya - patthar se int (dhela) naram hota hai. yeh nyaaya yeh darshaane ke liye upayukt hota hai ki sher ko bhi kabhi 'sava sher' mil jaata hai. rooi ki apeksha dhela bahut kathor hai kintu patthar usase bhi adhik kathor hota hai.

drushadishtikaanyaaya -

kanthachaameekaranyaaya - gale mein jevar ka nyaaya

kadambakorak (kadambagolak) nyaaya - kadamb ki kali ka nyaaya ; yeh nyaaya tab upayukt hota hai jab udaya ke saath hi vikaas aarambh ho jaaya. jnyaaatabya hai ki kadamb ka kali/fool se fal banane ki prakriya ekasaath hi hoti hai.

kafoneegudanyaaya - kohani par lage gud ka nyaaya (chaat bhi naheen sakte)

kambalanirnejananyaaya - kanbal dhone ka nyaaya (kaam kuchh, parinaam kuchh aur)

kaakadantapareekshaanyaaya (kaakadantagaveshananyaaya) - kauve ke daant ginna (byarth ka kaam karna)

kaakaakshigolakanyaaya - kauve ke aankh ke golak ka nyaaya (do bhinn arth soochit karne vaale shabd ya shabd-samooh)

koopakhaanakanyaaya - kuaaain khodane vaale ka nyaaya (angon par mitti lagi ho to bhi kuen se paani nikalne par dho sakte hai)

koopamandookanyaaya - kuen ka medhak (jiski soch seemit aur sankuchit ho)

koopayantraghatikaanyaaya - rahat ki baalti (ghatika) ka nyaaya

khalekapotanyaaya - khalihaan par kabootar (ek saath dhaava bolte hain)

gudajivhikaanyaaya - gud aur jeebh (meetha lep ki hui aushadhi)

ghattakuteeprabhaatanyaaya - chungi naake ki prabhaat

ghunaaksharanyaaya - deemak aur akshar ka nyaaya (deemak ke kaatne se akshar banana)

choraaparaadhemaandavyadandanyaaya - chor kare aparaadh aur sanyaasi ko faansi

tamodeepanyaaya - andhere ko dekhne ke liye deeya (deep)

dehaleedeepanyaaya - dahaleej par rakha hua deeya

tushyatudurjananyaaya - durjanon ka tushteekaran

trunajalaukaanyaaya - ghaas aur jonk ka nyaaya

dandaapoopanyaaya - lakadi par lagi mithaai (lakadi ke saath hi gayi)

ksheeraneeranyaaya x tiltandulanyaaya (hansaksheeranyaaya) - doodh ka doodh, paani ka paani

vishkruminyaaya - vish ke krumi (vish mein hi jinda rahate hain)

svaamibhrutyanyaaya - maalik aur naukar (sambandh)

veechitraङanyaaya - laharon se lahar paida hoti hai.

vrudhdakumaareevaakya (var) nyaaya - vruddh kumaari ka vaakya (prastaav)

soocheekataahanyaaya - sui aur kadaahi

nrupanaapitnyaaya - raaja aur naai

pishtapeshananyaaya - aate ko peesana (se kya laabh?)

pradhaanamallanirbahananyaaya - mukhya yoddha (mall) ka haar jaana

mandookaplutinyaaya - meindhak ki chhalaang

vateyakshanyaaya - bargad ka bhoot (suni-sunaai baat)

samudrataraङagnyaaya - samudra aur tarang (ek hi cheej ke roop)

sthaaleepulaakanyaaya - pake bhaat ki pareeksha ke liye ek daane ki pareeksha hi kaafi hai.

kuchh nyaayon ka parichay

kuchh prachalit nyaayon ka parichay akaaraadi kram se neeche diya gaya hai-

(1) ajaakrupaaneeya nyaaya—akaheen talavaar latakati thi, neeche se bakara gaya aur vah sanyog se usaki gardan par gir padee. jahaaain daivasanyog se koi viptti aa padti hai vahaaain iska vyavahaar hota hai.

(2) ajaataputranaamotkeertan nyaaya—aarthaat putr na hone par bhi naamakaran hone ka nyaaya. jahaaain koi baat hone par bhi aasha ke sahaare log anek prakaar ke aayojan baaaindhane lagte hain vahaaain yeh kaha jaata hai.

(3) adhyaarop nyaaya—ajo vastu jaisi na ho usamein vaise hone ka (jaise rajju me sarp heene ka) aarop. vedaant ki pustakon mein iska vyavahaar milta hai.

(4) andhakoopapatan nyaaya—akisi bhale aadmi ne andhe ko raasta batala diya aur vah chala, par jaate jaate kooeain mein gir padaa. jab kisi anadhikaari ko koi upadesh diya jaata hai aur vah usapar chalakar apne ajnyaaan aadi ke kaaran chook jaata hai ya apni haani kar baithata hai tab yeh kaha jaata hai.

(5) andhagaj nyaaya—akai janmaandhon ne haathi kaisa hota hai yeh dekhne ke liye haathi ko tathola. jisne jo ang tatol paaya usane haathi ka aakaar usi ang ka sa samjha. jisne pooainchh tatoli usane rassi ke aakaar ka, jisne pair tatola usane khanbhe ke aakaar rassi ke aakaar ka, jisne pair tatola usane khanbhe ke aakaar ka samjha. kisi vishay ke purn ang ka gyaan na hone par uske sambandh mein jab apni apni samajh ke anusaar bhinn bhinn baate kahi jaati hain tab is ukti ka prayog karte hain.

(6) andhagolaangool nyaaya—aek andha apne ghar ke raaste se bhatak gaya tha. kisi ne uske haath mein gaaya ki pooainchh pakadaakar kah diya ki yeh tumhein tumhaare sthaan par pahuaincha degi. gaaya ke idhar udhar daudne se andha apne ghar to pahuaincha naheen, kasht usane bhale hi paaya. kisi dusht ya moorkh ke upadesh par kaam karke jab koi kasht ya du:kh uthaata hai tab yeh kaha jaata hai.

(7) andhachatak nyaaya—aandhe ke haath bater.

(8) andhaparanpara nyaaya—ajab koi purush kisi ko koi kaam karte dekhkar aap bhi vahi kaam karne lage tab vahaaain yeh kaha jaata hai.

(9) andhapangu nyaaya—aek hi sthaan par jaanevaala ek andha aur ek laingadaa yadi mil jaayain to ek dusare ki sahaayata se donon vahaaain pahuainch sakte hain. saankhya mein jad prakruti aur chetan purush ke sanyog se srushti hone ke drushtaant mein yeh ukti kahi gayi hai.

(10) apavaad nyaaya—ajis prakaar kisi vastu ke sambandh meinjnyaaan ho jaane se bhram naheen rah jaata usi prakaar. (vedaant).

(11) aparaahnachhaaya nyaaya— jis prakaar dopahar ki chhaaya baraabar badhati jaati hai usi prakaar sajjanon ki preeti aadi ke sambandh mein yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(12) apasaaritaagribhootal nyaaya— jameen par se aag hata lene par bhi jis prakaar kuchh der tak jameen garam rahatau hai usi prakaar dhani dhan ke na rah jaane par bhi kruchh dinon tak apni akad rakhata hai.

(13) aranyarodan nyaaya— jungle mein rone ke samaan baat. jahaaain kehne par koi dhyaan denevaala na ho vahaaain iska prayog hota hai.

(14) arkamadhu nyaaya— yadi madaar se hi madhu mil jaaya to uske liye adhik parishram vyarth hai. jo kaarya sahaj mein ho uske liye idhar udhar vahoot shram karne ki aavashyakta naheen.

(15) arddhajarateeya nyaaya— er braahman devata arthakasht se du:kh ho nitya apni gaaya lekar baajaar mein bechne jaate par vah na bikti. baat yeh thai ki avastha poochhane par ve usaki bahut avastha batalaate the. ek din ek aadmi ne unes na bikne ka kaaran poochha. braahnan ne kaha jis prakaar aadmi ki avastha adhik hone par usaki kadar badh jaati hai usi prakaar mainne gaaya ke sambandh mein bhi samjha tha. usane aage aisa na kehne ki salaah di. braahman ne kocha ki ek baar gaaya ko buddhi kehkar ab fir javaan kaise kahooain. ant mein unhonne sthir kiya ki aatma to buddhi hoti nahi deh buddhi hoti hai. at: ise main 'aadhi buddhi aadhi javaan' kahooainga. jab kisi ki koi baat is paksh mein bhai aur us paksh mein bhi ho tab yeh ukti kahi jaati hai.

(16) ashokavanika nyaaya— ashok ban mein jaane ke samaan (jahaaain chhaaya sauram aadi sab kuchh praapt ho). chab kisi ek hi sthaan parasab kuchh praapt ho laaya aur kaheen jaane ki aavashyakta na ho tab yeh kaha jaata hai.

(17) ashmalosht nyaaya— arthaat taraajoo par rakhane ke liye patthar to dhele se bhi bhaari hai. yeh vishmata soochit karne ke avsar par hi kaha jaata hai. jahaaain do vastuon mein saapekshikta soochit karni hoti hai. vahaaain 'paashaaneshtik nyaaya' kah jaata hai.

(18) asnehadeep nyaaya— bina tel ke deeye ki si baat. thode hi kaal rahanevaali baat dekhkar yad kaha jaata hai.

(19) asnehadap nyaaya— saaainp ke kundal maarkar baithane ke samaan. kisi sbaabhaavik baat par.

(20) ahi nakul nyaaya— saaainp nevale ke samaan. svaabhaavik virodh ya bair soochit karne ke liye.

(21) aakaashaaparichhinnatv nyaaya— aakaash ke samaan aparichhinn.

(22) aabhraanak nyaaya—alokapravaad ke samaan.

(23) aamravan nyaaya—ajis prakaar kisi van mein yadi aam ke ped adhik hote hain to use 'aam ka van' hi kehte hain, yadyapi aur bhi ped us van mein rahate hain, usi prakaar jahaaain auron ko chhod pradhaan vastu ka hi ullekh kiya jaata hai vahaaain yeh ukti kahi jaati hai.

(24) utpaatitdatanaag nyaaya—adaaaint tode hue saaainp ke samaan. kuchh karne dharane ya haani pahuainchaane mein asamarth hue manushya ke sambandh mein.

(25) udakanimjjan nyaaya—akoi doshi hai ya nirdosh iski ek divya pareeksha praacheen kaal mein prachalit thi. doshi ko paani mein khadaa karke kisi or baana chhodte the aur baan chhodne ke saath hi abhiyukt ko tabatak doove rahane ke liye kehte the jabatak vah chhodaa hua baan vahaaain se fir chhootane par laut na aave. yadi itne beech mein doobanevaale ka koi ang baahar na dikhaai padaa to use nirdesh samajhte the. jaahaaain satya- staya ki baat aati hai vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(26) ubhayat: paasharajju nyaaya—ajahaaain donon or viptti ho arthaat do kartavyapakshon mein se pratyek mein du:kh ho vahaaain iska vyavahaar hota hai. 'saaainp chhachhooaindar ki gati'.

(27) ushtookantak bhakshan nyaaya—ajis prakaar thode se sukh ke liye ooaint kaaainte khaane ka kasht uthaata hai usi prakaar jahaaain thode se sukh ke liye adhik kasht uthaaya jaata hai vahaaain yeh kahaavat kahi jaati hai.

(28) ooparavrushti nyaaya—akisi baat ka jahaaain koi fal na ho vahaaain kaha jaata hai.

(29) kanthachaameekar nyaaya—agale mein sone ka haar ho aur use idhar udhar dhoodhainta fire. aanandasvaroop brahm ke apne mein rahate bhi ajnyaaanavash sukh ke liye anek prakaar ke du:kh bhogane ke drushtaant mein vedaanti kehte hain.

(30) kadanbagolak nyaaya—ajis prakaar kadanb ke gole mein sab fool ek saath ho jaate hain, usi prakaar jahaaain kai baatein ek saath ho jaati hain vahaaain ise kehte hain. kuchh naiyaayik shabdo- tpatti mein kai varnon ke uchchaaran ek saath maankar uske drushtaant mein yeh kehte hain. yeh bhi kehte hain ki jis prakaar kadanb mein sab taraf kijlk hote hain vaise sabd jahaaain utpann hota hai uske sabhi or usaki tarangon ka prasaar hota hai.

(31) kadaleefal nyaaya—akela kaatne par hi falata hai isi prakaar neech seedhe kehne se naheen sunate.

(32) kafonigud nyaaya—asoot na kapaas julaahon se matakauval.

(33) karakankan nyaaya—'kankan' kehne se hi haath ke gahane ka bodh ho jaata hai, 'kar' kehne ki aavashyakta naheen. par kar kankan kehte hain jiska arth hota hai 'haath mein padaa hua kadaa'. is prakaar ka jahaaain abhipraaya hota hai vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(34) kaakataaleeya nyaaya—akisi taad ke ped ke neeche koi pathik leta tha aur oopar ek kauva baitha tha. kauva kisi orako udaa aur uske udne ke saath hi taad ka ek paka hua fal neeche gira. yadyapi fal pakakar aapse aap gira tha tathaapi pathik ne donon baaton ko saath hote dekh yahi samjha ki kauve ke udne se hi taalafal gira. jahaaain do baatein sanyog se is prakaar ek saath ho jaati hain vahaaain unamein paraspar koi sambandh na hote due bhi log sambandh samajh lete hain. aisa sanyog hone par yeh kahaavat kahi jaati hai.

(35) kaakadadhyupaghaatak nyaaya—'kauve se dahi bachaana' kehne se jis prakaar 'kutte, billi aadi sab jantuon se bachaana' samajh liya jaata hai usi prakaar jahaaain kisi vaakya ka abhipraaya hota hai vahaaain yeh ukti kaheen jaati hai.

(36) kaakadantagaveshan nyaaya—aakauve ka daaaint dhooaindhna nishfal hai at: nishfal prayatn ke sambandh mein yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(37) kaakaakshigolak nyaaya—akahate hain, kauve ke ek hi putali hoti hai jo prayojan ke anusaar kabhi is aaainkh mein kabhi us aaainkh mein jaati hai. jahaaain ek hi vastu do sthaanon mein kaarya kare vahaaain ke liye yeh kahaavat hai.

(38) kaaranagunaprakram nyaaya—akaaran ka gun kaarya mein bhi paaya jaata hai. jaise soot ka roop aadi usase bune kapade mein.

(39) kushakaashaavalanban nyaaya—ajaise doobata hua aadmi kush kaaains jo kuchh paata hai usi ko sahaare ke liye pakadta hai, usi prakaar jahaaain koi drudh aadhaar na milne par log idhar udhar ki baaton ka sahaara lete hain vahaaain ke liye yeh kahaavat hai. 'doobate ko tinke ka sahaara' bolte bhi hain.

(40) koopakhaanak nyaaya—ajaise kooaaain khodanevaale ki deh mein laga hua keechad usi kooeain ke jal mein saaf ho jaata hai usi prakaar Ram, Krishna aadi ko bhinn bhinn roopon mein samajhne se ishvar mein bhed buddhi ka jo desh lagta hai vah unheen ki upaasana dvaara hi advaitabuddhi ho jaane par mit jaata hai.

(41) koopamandook nyaaya—asamudra ka medhak kisi kooeain mein ja padaa. kooeain kai medhak ne poochha 'bhaai ! tumhaara samudra kitna badaa hai.' usane kaha 'bahut badaa'. kooeain ke medhak ne poochha 'is kooeain ke itna badaa'. samudra ke medhak ne kaha 'kahaaain kooaaain, kahaaain samudra'. samudra se badee koi vastu pruthvi par naheen. ispar kooeain ka medhak jo kooeain se badee koi vastu jaanta hi na tha bigdkar bola 'tum jhoothe ho, kooeain se badee koi vastu ho naheen sakti'. jahaaain parimit gyaan ke kaaran koi apni jaankaari ke oopar koi doosari baat maanata hi naheen vahaaain ke liye yeh ukti hai.

(42) koormaag nyaaya—ajis prakaar kachhuaa jab chaahata hai tab apne sab ang bheetar samet leta hai aur jab chaahata hai baahar karta hai usi prakaar ishvar srushti aur laya karta hai.

(43) kaimutik nyaaya—ajisne bade bade kaam kiye use koi chhota kaam karte kya lagta hai. usi ke drushtaant ke liye yeh ukti kahi jaati hai

(44) kaundinya nyaaya—ayah achha hai par aisa hota to aur bhi achha hota.

(45) gajabhukt kapitth nyaaya—ahaathi kai khaae hue kaith ke samaan oopar se dekhne mein theek par bheetar bheetar ni:saar aur shoonya.

(46) gadulikaapravaah nyaaya—abhediya dhasaan.

(47) ganapati nyaaya—aek baar devataaon mein vivaad chala ki sabamein poojya kaun hai. brahma ne kaha jo pruthvi ki pradakshina pehle kar aave vahi shreshth samjha jaaya. sab devata apne apne vaahanon par chale. ganesh ji choohe par savaar sabke peechhe rahe. itne mein mile naarad. unhonnein ganesh ji ko yukti bataai ki Ram naam likhkar usi ki pradakshina karke chatapat brahma ke paas pahuainch jaao. ganapati ne aisa hi kiya aur devataaon mein ve pratham poojya hue. isi se jahaaain thodee si yukti se badee bhaari baat ho jaaya vahaaain iska prayog karte hain.

(48) gataanugatik nyaaya—akuchh braahman ek ghaat par tarpan kiya karte the. ve apna apna kush ek hi sthaan par rakh dete the jisse ek ka kush doosra le leta tha. ek din pehchaan ke liye ek ne apne kush ko iaint se daba diya. usaki dekha dekhi doosare din sabne apne kush par int rakhi. jahaaain ek ki dekhaadekhi log koi kaam karne lagte hain vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(49) gudjihvika nyaaya—ajis prakaar bachche ko kadvi aushadh khilaane ke liye use pehle gud dekar fusalaate hain usi prakaar jahaaain aruchikr ya kathin kaam karaane ke liye pehle kuchh pralobhan diya jaata hai vahaaain is ukti ka prayog hota hai.

(50) govaleeravard nyaaya—'valeevard' shabd ka arth hai bail. jahaaain yeh shabd go ke saath ho vahaaain arth aur bhi jaldi khul jaata hai. aise shabd jahaaain ek saath hote hain vahaaain ke liye yeh kahaavat hai.

(51) ghattakuteepraabhaat nyaaya—aek baniya ghaat ke mahasool se bachane ke liye theek raasta chhod oobadkhaabad sthaanon mein raatabhar bhatakata raha par sabera hote hote fir usi mahasool ki chhaavani par pahuaincha aur use mahasool dena padaa. jahaaain ek kathinaai se bachane ke liye anek upaaya nishfal hon aur ant mein usi kathinaai mein fainsana pade vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(52) ghatapradeep nyaaya—adhadaa apne bheetar rakhe hue deep ka prakaash baahar naheen jaane deta. jahaaain koi apna hi bhala chaahata hai doosare ka upakaar naheen karta yahaaain yeh prayukt hota hai.

(53) ghunaakshar nyaaya—aghunon ke chaalane se lakadee mein aksharon ke se aakaar ban jaate hain, yadyapi ghun in uddeshya se naheen kaatate ki akshar banein. isi prakaar jahaaain ek kaam karne mein koi doosari baat anaayas ho jaaya vahaaain yeh kaha jaata hai.

(54) chanpakapatavaas nyaaya—ajis kapade mein chanpe ka fool rakha housamein foolon ke na rahane par bhi bahut der tak mahaink rahati hai. isi prakaar vishay bhog ka sanskaar bhi bahut kaal tak bana rahata hai.

(55) jalatarang nyaaya—aalag naam rahane par bhi tarang jal se bhinn gun ki naheen hoti. aisa hi abhed soochit karne ke liye is ukti ka vyavahaar hota hai.

(56) jalatunbika nyaaya—(k) tooainbi paani mein naheen doobati, dubaane se oopar aa jaati hai. jahaaain koi baat chhipaane se chhipnevaali naheen hoti vahaaain ise kehte hain. (kh) tooainbi ke oopar mitti keechad aadi lapetakar use paani mein daale to vah doob jaati hai par keejad dhokar paani mein daalein to naheen doobati. isi prakaar jeev dehaadi ke nalon se yukt rahane par sansaar saagar mein nimgn ho jaata hai aur mal aadi chhootane par paar ho jaata hai.

(57) jalaanayan nyaaya—apaani 'laaon' kehne se usakai saath baratan ka laana bhi samajh liya jaata hai kyonki baratan ke bina paani aavega kismein.

(58) tiltandul nyaaya—achaaval aur til ki tarah mili rahane par bhi alag dikhaai denevaali vastuon ke sambandh mein iska prayog hota hai.

(59) trunajalauka nyaaya—ade0'trunajalauka' shabd.

(60) dandachakr nyaaya—ajaise ghadaa banane mein dand, chakr aadi kai kaaran hain vaise hi jahaaain koi baat anek kaaranon se hoti hai vahaaain yeh ukti kahi jaati hai.

(61) dandaapoop nyaaya—akoi dande mein baindhe hue maalapooe chhodkar kaheen gaya. aane par usane dekha ki dande ka bahut sa bhaag choohe kha gaye hain. usane socha ki jab choohe danda tak kha gaye tab maalapooe ko unhonne kab chhodaa hoga. jab koi dushkar aur kashtasaadhya kaarya ho jaata hai tab uske saath hi laga hua sukhad aur sahaj kaarya avashya hi hua hoga yahi soochit karne ke liye yeh kahaavat kehte hain.

(62) dasham nyaaya—adas aadmi ek saath koi nadi tairakar paar gaye. paar jaakar ve yeh dekhne ke liye sabko ginne lage ki koi chhoota ya vah to naheen gaya. par jo ginta vah apne ko chhod deta isse ginne mein nau hi thaharate. ant mein us ek khoe hue ke liye sabne rona shuroo kiya. ek chatur pathik ne aakar unase fir se ginne ke liye kaha. jab ek uthakar nau tak gin gaya tab pathik ne kaha 'dasvein tum'. ispar sab prasann ho gaye. vedaanti is nyaaya ka prayog yeh dikhaane ke liye karte hain ki guru ke 'tatvamasi' aadi upadesh sunane par ajnyaaan aur tajjanit du:kh door ho jaata hai.

(63) dehaleedeepak nyaaya—adehali par deepak rakhane se bheetar aur baahar donon or ujaala rahata hai. jahaaain ek hi aayojan se do kaam sadhein ya ek shabd ya baat donon or lage vahaaain is nyaaya ka prayog hota hai.

(64) nashtaashvaradagdharath nyaaya—asanskrut shaastron mein prasiddh ek nyaaya jiska taatparya hai, do aadamiyon ka is prakaar milkar kaam karna jismein donon AK doosare ki cheejon ka upayog karke apna uddeshya siddh karein. yeh nyaaya nimnalikhit ghatna ya kahaani ke aadhaar par hai. do aadmi alag alag rath par savaar hokar kisi van mein gaye. vahaaain sanyogavash aag lagne ke kaaran ek aadmi ka rath jal gaya aur doosare ka ghodaa jal gaya. kuchh samay ke uparaant jab donon mile tab ek ke paas keval ghodaa aur doosare ke paas keval rath tha. us samay donon ne milkar ek doosare ki cheej ka upayog kiya. ghodaa rath mein jota gaya aur ve donon nirdisht sthaan tak pahuainch gaye. donon ne milkar kaam chala liya. is prakaar jahaaain do aadmi milkar ek doosare ki truti ki poorti karke kaam chalaate hain vahaaain ise kehte hain.

(65) naarikelafalaanbu nyaaya—anaarikel ke fal mein jis prakaar na jaane kahaaain se kaise jal aa jaata hai usi prakaar lakshmi kis prakaar aati hai naheen jaan padta.

(66) nimnagaapravaah nyaaya—anadi ka pravaah jis or ko jaata hai udhar ruk naheen sakta. isi prakaar ke anivaarya kram ke drushtaant mein yeh kahaavat hai.

(67) nrupanaapitputr nyaaya—akisi raaja ke yahaaain ek naai naukar tha. ek din raaja ne usase kaha ki kaheen se sabse sundar baalak laakar mujhe dikhaao. naai ko apne putr se badhkar aur koi sundar baalak kaheen na dikhaai padaa aur vah usi ko lekar raaja ke saamane aaya. raaja us kaale kaloote baalak ko dekh bahut kruddh hua, par peechhe usane socha ki prem ya raag ke vash ise apne ladke sa sundar aur koi dikhaai hi na padaa. raag ke vash jahaaain manushya andha ho jaata hai aur use achhe bure ki pehchaan naheen rah jaati vahaaain is nyaaya ka prayog hota hai.

(68) pankaprakshaalan nyaaya—akeechad lag jaayaga to dho daaleinge iski apeksha yahi vichaar achha hai ki keechad lagne hi na paave.

(69) panjarachaalan nyaaya—adas pakshi yadi kisi pinjade mein band kar diye jaayain aur ve sab ek saath yatn karein to pijde ko idhar udhar chala sakte hain. das jnyaaanedriyaaain aur das kameindriyaaain praanaroop kriya utpann karke deh ko chalaati hain isi ke drushtaant mein saakhyavaale ukt nyaaya karte hain.

(70) paashaaneshtak nyaaya—ait bhaari hoti hai par usase bhi bhaari patthar hota hai.

(71) pishtapeshan nyaaya—apeese ko peesana nirrthank hai. kiye hue kaam ko vyarth jahaaain koi fir karta hai vahaaain ke liye yeh ukti hai.

(72) pradeep nyaaya—ajis prakaar tel, batti aur aag in bhinn bhinn vastuon ke mel se deepak jalata hai usi prakaar satv, raj aur tam in paraspar bhinn gunon ke sahayog se deh- dhaaran ka vyaapaar hota hai. (saankhya).

(73) praapaanak nyaaya—ajis prakaar ghi, cheeni aadi kai vastuon ke ekatr karne se badhiya mithaai banti hai usi prakaar anek upaadaanon ke yog se sundar vastu taiyaar hone ke drushtaant mein yeh ukti kahi jaati hai. saahityavaale vibhaav, anubhaav aadi dvaara ras ka paripaak soochit karne ke liye iska prayog praay: karte hain.

(74) praasaadavaasi nyaaya—amahal mein rahanevaala yadyapi kaamkaaj ke liye neeche utarakar baahar idhar udhar bhi jaata hai par use prasaadavaasi hi kehte hai isi prakaar jahaaain jis vishay ki pradhaanata hoti hai vahaaain usi ka ullekh hota hai.

(75) falavatsahakaar nyaaya—aaam ke ped ke neeche pathik chhaaya ke liye hi jaata hai par use fal bhi mil jaata hai. isi prakaar jahaaain ek laabh hone se doosra laabh bhi ho vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(76) bahuvrukaakrusht nyaaya—aek hirn ko yadi bahut se bhediye lagein to uske ang ek sthaan par naheen rah sakte. jahaaain kisi vastu ke liye bahut se log kheenchaakheenchi karte hain vahaaain vah yathaasthaan va samoochi nahi rah sakti.

(77) vilvartigodha nyaaya—ajis prakaar bill mein sthit goh ka vibhaag aadi naheen ho sakta usi prakaar jo vastu agyaat hai uske sambandh mein bhala bura kuchh naheen kaha ja sakta.

(78) braahmanagraam nyaaya—ajis gram mein braahmanon ki basti adhik hoti hai use braahmanon ka gaaainv karte hai yadyapi usamein kuchh aur log bhi basate hain. auron ko chhod pradhaan vastu ka hi naam liya jaata hai, yahi soochit karne ke liye yeh kahaavat hai.

(79) braahmanaaman nyaaya—abraahman yadi apna dharm chhod shraman (bauddh bhikshuk) bhi ho jaata hai tab bhi use brahman shraman kehte hain. ek vrutti ko chhod jab koi doosari vrutti grahan karta hai tab bhi log usaki poorvavrutti ka nirdesh karte hain.

(80) majjanonmajjan nyaaya—atairana na jaananevaala jis prakaar jal mein padkar doobata utarata hai usi prakaar moorkh ya dusht vaadi pramaan aadi theek na de sakane ke kaaran kshubdh or vyaakul hota hai.

(81) mandookatolan nyaaya—aek dhoort baniya taraajoo par saude ke saath medhak rakhakar taula karta tha. ek din medhak koodakar bhaaga aur vah pakadaa gaya. chhipaakar ki hui buraai ka bhada ek din footata hai.

(82) rajjusarp nyaaya—ajabatak drushti theek naheen padti tabatak manushya rassi ko saaainp samajhta hai isi prakaar jabatak brahmajnyaaan naheen hota tabatak manushya dushya jagat ko satya samajhta hai, peechhe brahmajnyaaan hone par usaka bhram door hota hai aur vah samajhta hai ki brahm ke atirikt aur kuchh naheen hai. (vedaanti).

(83) raajaputravyaadh nyaaya—akoi raajaputr bachapan mein ek byaadh ke ghar pad gaya aur vaheen palakar apne ko vyaadhaputr hi samajhne laga. peechhe jab logon ne use usaka kul bataaya tab use apna theek theek gyaan hua. isi prakaar jabatak brahmajnyaaan naheen hota tabatak manushya apne ko na jaane kya samjha karta hai. brahmajnyaaan ho jaane par vah samajhta hai ki 'mein brahm hooain'. (vedaanti).

(84) raajapurapravesh nyaaya—araaja ke dwaar par jis prakaar bahut se logon ki bheed rahati hai par sab log bina gadbad ya halla kiye chupachaap kaayade se khade rahate hain usi prakaar jahaaain suvyavasthaapoorvak kaarya hota hai vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(85) raatridivs nyaaya—araat din ka fark. bhaari fark.

(86) lootaatantu nyaaya—ajis prakaar makadee apne shareer se hi soot nikaalkar jaala banaati hai aur fir aap hi usaka sanhaar karti hai isi prakaar brahm apne se hi srushti karta hai aur apne mein use laya karta hai.

(87) loshtralagud nyaaya—adhela todne ke liye jaise danda hota hai usi prakaar jahaaain ek ka daman karanevaala doosra hota hai vahaaain yeh kahaavat kahi jaati hai.

(88) loh chunbak nyaaya—aloha gatiheen aur nishkriya hone par bhi chunbak ke aakarshan se uske paas jaata hai usi prakaar purush nishkriya hone par bhi prakruti ke saahacharya se kriya mein tatpar hota hai. (saankhya).

(89) varagoshthi nyaaya—ajis prakaar varapaksh aur kanyaapaksh ke log milkar vivaah roop ek aise kaarya ka saadhan karte hain jisse donon ka abheesht siddh hota hai usi prakaar jahaaain kai log milkar sabke hit ka koi kaam karte hain vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(90) vahnidhoom nyaaya—adhoomaroop kaarya dekhkar jis prakaar kaaran roop agni ka gyaan hota hai usi prakaar kaarya dvaara kaaran anumaan ke sambandh mein yeh ukti hai (naiyaayik).

(91) vilvakhallaat (khalvaat) nyaaya—adhoop se vyaakul ganja chhaaya ke liye bail ke ped ke neeche gaya. vahaaain uske sir par ek bail tootakar gira. jahaaain ishtasaadhn ke prayatn mein anisht hota hai vahaaain yeh ukti kahi jaati hai.

(92) vishvruksh nyaaya—avish ka ped lagaakar bhi koi use apne haath se naheen kaatata. apni paali posi vastu ka koi apne haath se naash naheen karta.

(93) veechitrang nyaaya—aek ke uparaant doosari, is kram se bara- bar aanevaali tarangon ke samaan. naiyaayik kakaaraadi varnon ki utpatti veechitrang nyaaya se maanate hain.

(94) veejaankur nyaaya—abeej se ankur ya ankur se beej hai yeh theek naheen kaha ja sakta. na beej ke bina ankur ho sakta hai na ankur ke bina. beej aur ankur ka pravaah anaadi kaal se chala aata hai. do sambaddh vastuon ke nitya pravaah ke drushtaant mein vedaanti is nyaaya ko kehte hain.

(95) vrukshaprakanpan nyaaya—aek aadmi ped par chadhaa. neeche se ek ne kaha ki yeh daal hilaao, dusare ne kaaha yeh daal hilaao. ped par chadhaa hua aadmi kuchh sthir na kar saka ki kis daal ko hilaaooain. itne mein ek aadmi ne ped ka dhad hi pakadkar hila daala jisse sab daalein hil gayi. jahaaain koi ek baat sabke anukool ho jaati hai vahaaain iska prayog hota hai.

(96) vruddhakumaarika nyaaya ya vruddhakumaari vaakya nyaaya— koi kumaari tap karato karti buddhi ho gayi. indro ne usase koi ek var maaaingane ke liye kaha. usane var maaainga ki mere bahut se putr sone ke baratanon mein khoob dhi doodh aur ann khaayain. is prakaar usane ek hi vaakya mein pati, putr godhan dhaanya sab kuchh maaaing liya. jahaaain ek ki praapti se sab kuchh praapt ho vahaaain yeh kahaavat kahi jaati hai.

(97) shatapatrabhed nyaaya—asau patte ek saath rakhakar chhedane se jaan padta hain ki sab ek saath ek kaal mein hi chhid gaye par vaastav mein ek ek patta bhinn bhinn samay mein chhida. kaalaantar ki sookshmata ke kaaran iska gyaan naheen hua. is prakaar jahaaain bahut se kaarya bhinn bhinn samayon mein hote hue bhi ek hi samay mein hue jaan padte hain vahaaain yeh drushtaant vaakya kaha jaata hai. (saankhya).

(98) shyaamarakt nyaaya—ajis prakaar kachcha kaala dhadaa pakane par apna shyaam gun chhod kar raktagun dhaaran karta hai usi prakaar poorv gun ka naash aur upper gun ka dhaaran soochit karne ke liye yeh ukti kahi jaati hai.

(99) shyaalakashunak nyaaya—akisi ne ek kutta paala tha aur usaka naam apne saale ka naam rakha tha. jab vah kutte ka naam lekar gaaliyaaain deta tab usaki stri apne bhaai ka aap- maan samajhakar bahut chidhti. jis uddeshya se koi baat naheen ki jaati vah yadi usase ho jaati hai to yeh kahaavat kahi jaati hain.

(100) sandanshapatit nyaaya—asaindsi jis prakaar apne beech I hui vastu ke pakadti hai usi prakaar jahaaain poorv or uttar padaarth dvaara madhyasthit padaarth ka grahan hota hai vahaaain is nyaaya ka vyavahaar hota hai.

(101) samudravrushti nyaaya—asamudr mein paani barasane se jaise koi upakaar naheen hota usi prakaar jahaaain jis baat ki koi aavashyakta ya fal naheen vahaaain yadi vah ki jaati hai to yeh ukti charitaarth ki jaati hai.

(102) sarvaapeksha nyaaya—abahut se logon ka jahaaain nimantran hota hai vahaaain yadi koi sabke pehle pahooainchata hai to use sabki prateeksha karni hoti hai. is prakaar jahaaain kisi kaam ke liye sabka aasara dekhna hota hai vahaaain ukti kahi jaati hai.

(103) sinhavalokan nyaaya—asinh shikaar maarkar jab aage badhta hai tab peechhe fir firkar dekhta jaata hai. isi prakaar jahaaain agali aur pichhli sab baaton ki ek saath aalochna hoti hai vahaaain is ukti ka vyavahaar hota hai.

(104) soocheekataah nyaaya—asooi banaakar kadaah banaane ke samaan. kisi lohaar se ek aadmi ne aakar kadaah banaane ko kaha. thodee der mein ek doosra aaya, usane sooi banaane ke liye kaha. lohaar ne pehle sooi banaai tab kadaah. sahaj kaam pehle karna tab kathin kaam mein haath lagaana, isi ke drushtaant mein yeh kaha jaata hai.

(105) sundopasund nyaaya—asund aur upasund donon bhaai bade bali daitya the. ek stri par donon mohit hue. stri ne kaha donon mein jo adhik balavaan hoga usi ke saath main vivaah karooaingi. parinaam yeh hua ki donon lad mare. paraspar ke foot se balavaan se balavaan manushya nasht ho jaata hain yahi soochit karne ke liye yeh kahaavat hain.

(106) sopaanaarohan nyaaya—ajis prakaar praasaad par jaane ke lise ek ek seedhee kram se chadhna hota hai usi prakaar kisi bade kaam ke karne mein kram kram se chalana padta hain.

(107) sopaanaavarohan nyaaya—aseedhiyaaain jis kram se chadhte hain usi ke ulate kram se utarate hain. isi prakaar jahaaain kisi kram se chalakar fir usi ke ulate kram se chalana hota hai (jaise, ek baar ek se sau tak ginti ginkar fir sau se ninnaanave, atthaanabe is ulate kram se ginna) vahaaain yeh nyaaya kaha jaata hai.

(108) sthavirlagud nyaaya—abuddhe ke haath feinki hui laathi jis prakaar theek nishaane par naheen pahuainchati usi prakaar kisi baat ke lakshya tak na pahuainchane par yeh ukti kahi jaati hai.

(109) sthoonaanikhnan nyaaya—ajis prakaar ghar ke chhappar mein chaaaind dene ke liye khanbha gaadne mein use mitti aadi daalkar drudh karna hota hai usi prakaar yukti udaaharan dvaara apna paksh drudh karna padta hai.

(110) sthoolaarundhati nyaaya—avivaah ho jaane par var aur kanya ko arundhati taara dikhaaya jaata hai jo door hone ke kaaran bahut sookshm hain aur jaldi dikhaai naheen deta. arundhati dikhaane mein jis prakaar pehle saptarshi ko dikhaate hain jo bahut jaldi dikhaai padta hai aur fir uaingali se bataate hain ki usi ke paas vah arundhati hai dekho, isi prakaar kisi sookshm tatv ka parijnyaaan karaane ke liye pehle sthool drushtaant aadi dekar kramash: us tatv tak le jaate hain.

(111) svaamibhrutya nyaaya—ajis prakaar maalik ka kaam karke naukar bhi svaami ki prasannata se apne ko krutakaarya samajhta hai usi prakaar jahaaain doosare ka kaam ho jaane se apna bhi kaam ya prasannata ho jaaya vahaaain ke liye yeh ukti hain.

nyaaya (drushtaant vaakya)

anukram

kuchh udaaharan

kuchh nyaayon ka parichay

inhein bhi dekhein

baahari kadiyaaain