naravaanar gan
naravaanar gan (Primate) naravaanar stani varg ka ek gan hai, jiske antargat maanav, vaanar,
anukram
sanrachana tatha svabhaav
naravaanar adhikaansh vrukshavaasi praani hain, jinke haath pair vrukshaarohan ke upayukt hote hain. haath svatantrataapoorvak ghumaae aur oopar neeche kiye ja sakte hain. hastaanguliyon aur paadaanguliyon mein nakh hote hain, kintu kuchh nar vaanaron mein nakhar bhi paae jaate hain. paadaangushth kuchh kuchh apasaari hote hain aur unase tahaniyon ka pakadne ka kaam liya jaata hai. vrukshavaasi praaniyon mein ghraanashakti ki apeksha shravan shakti tatha drushti adhik prabal hoti hai. dantarachana, mishrit bhojan aur visheshat: fal tatha vanaspati sevan ke anukool hoti hai. vhjhvbhkv hkn
vargeekaran
vidyamaan nar vaanaron ko do bade upaganon mein vibhaajit kiya gaya hai : prausimii (Prosimiae) aur ainthropoidiya (Anthropoidea).
prausimii
is upagan ke sabhi naravaanar is arth mein 'aadya' kahalaate hain ki inmein keetabhakshiyon ki visheshataaeain - lamba mukh, paashvavarti aaainkhein tatha kshudr mastishk - pai jaati hain. is gan mein nishaakapi aur koorchamarkat aate hain.
nishaakapi ya leemar
yeh naravaanaron mein sabse adhik aadya hai aur pramukhat: maidaagaastar dweep mein paaya jaata hai. yeh ghane baalonvaala, saamaanyat: chhota, raatrichr tatha vrukshavaasi praani hai. iske haath pair madhyamaan se kuchh adhik lambe, kaan nukeele, bade aur chalaayamaan tatha aaainkhe bahut badi hoti hain. iska mukh apekshaakrut lamba aur shrungaal ke samaan thoothanavaala hota hai. pooainchh lambi, kintu aparigraahi (nonprehensile), hoti hai. daaaint ganana mein naravaanaron ki laakshanik sankhya ke anusaar hi hote hain. indri (Indri) naamak leemar sabse bada hai. iski lanbaai teen foot ke lagbhag hoti hai. anya nishaakapiyon ke naam I-I (Aye-aye) tatha loris (Loris) hain, jinmein thode bahut antar ke saath uparyukt visheshataaeain pai jaati hain.
koorchamarkat
yeh malaaya tatha uske aaspaas ke dveepon ka nivaasi hai. yeh vichitr pashu chhote kad ka raatrichr hai. ulloo ke samaan badi aaainkhon ke kaaran vah aisa dikhaai deta hai maano ainak lagaae ho. pooainchh lambi aur sire par guchhedaar hoti hai. yeh mukhyat: keetabhakshi hai. ismein apne sir ko 180 ansh tak ghumaane ki vilkshan shakti hai, jisse yeh peeth peechhe bhi dekh sakta hai. iske baahya karn bade, gatisheel tatha shravan shakti atyadhik teevr hoti hai. koorchamarkat ki sabse badi visheshata hai iske taaaingon ki kuchh asthiyon ka adhik failaav, jo uske naamakaran ka kaaran hai.
ainthropoidiya
yeh upagan nishaakapi ki apeksha adhik chiksintedriya hai. iski visheshataaeain is prakaar hain : daaaint 32 se 36 tak, akshikoop sarvatha band aur stan kandhe ke sameep hote hai. pramastishkagolaardh, atyadhik parivlayit aur anumastishk ko dhake rahata hai. is upagan ko do kulon, chipitnaasa (Platyrrhina), arthaat paataal vaanar, evam adhonaasa arthaat paataaletar vaanar (langoor aur manushya), mein vibhaajit kiya gaya hai.
chipitnaasa kul
paataaleeya vaanar ki visheshataaeain nimnaankit hain : iski naasaapati chaudi hoti hai aur angushth aparisaari, avashisht maatr rah gaya hai. pooainchh lambi aur parigraahi (prehensile) hoti hai. na kapoladhaan (Cheek pouch) hote hain aur na nitanb par kin (callosity) hi. dviteeya pracharvan dant abhi surakshit hain. is kul ko bhi do upakulon mein vibhaajit kiya gaya hai :
kailitrikidi (Callitrichidae)
is upakul mein nakharakapi aate hain. nakharakapi badi gilhari ke baraabar hota hai. fal, ande aur keede khaata hai. iski anguliyon par nakh ke sthaan par nakhar hote hain. iske teen pracharvan aur do charvan dant hote hain. iski maada ek baar mein do teen bachche paida karti hai, jo saamaanya ainthraaopoidiya ki prakruti ke pratikool hai. yeh dakshin amareeka ke vishuvat pradeshon mein paaya jaata hai.
kapi upakul
dakshin amareeka ke adhikaansh bandar isi upakul ke antargat aate hain. inki pooainchh vishesh roop se lambi aur aparigraahi hoti hai. bhikshukapi is vansh ka aadarsh pratinidhi hai. isi upakul ke kuchh kapi, jaise markatika, atyadhik chatur nartak hain. amareeka ke kapiyon mein sabse bade shareeravaala raavi vaanar hai.
adhonaasa kul (paataaletar vaanar, langoor aur maanav)
is vansh vaalon ki naasaapati sainkari aur nathune neeche ki or ka hote hain. maanav ke samaan sabke 32 daaaint aur aparigraahi pooainchh hoti hai. shareer par avirl vaal aur mukh lomarahit hota hai. inko teen upakulon mein vibhaajit kiya gaya hai- puchhakapi, gorilla aur maanav.
puchhakapi upakul (shvavaanar, narakeesh, langoor)
ye sab chatushpad ki bhaaainti chalte hain. inke nitanb par kin hote hain. ye sankeernavaksh, lambe bhedak dant tatha kapoladhaanayukt sarvabhakshi hote hain. inke kuchh avayavon par vichitr rangon ki aabha pai jaati hai. ye yuddhapraveen hote hain aur Asia tatha Africa ke vanon mein rahanevaale hinsr pashuon ka saamana safalataapoorvak karte hain.
gorilla upakul (purushaabh vaanar)
ye maanav ke door ke sanbhraata maane jaate hain. inki visheshataaeain is prakaar hain : ye kapoladhaanarahit hote hain aur inki pooainchh praarambhik maatr hai. inmein se shaakha vaanaron ko chhodkar kisi ke bhi nitanb par kin naheen hote. haath pairon ki apeksha adhik lambe hote hain. inmein kuchh-kuchh dvipaad pravrutti pai jaati hai. shareer ke agrabhaag aur haath pairon par log paae jaate hain. is vansh mein shaakhaavaanar, vanamaanush, madhyavaanar tatha bheemavaanar aate hain.
gibban (shaakha vaanar) - yeh dakshin-poorvi Asia mein paaya jaata hai. yeh ainthropodiya vaanaron mein se sabse adhik aadya aur chhota hai. saadhaaran gibban khadi avastha mein teen foot se adhik ooaincha naheen hota hai. yeh sarvatha vrukshavaasi hai, kintu bhoomi par bhi seedha khada hokar chal sakta hai. iski baahein bahut lambi hoti hai aur seedha khada hone par bhoomi ka sparsh kar sakta hain. yeh falabhakshi hai, yadyapi iske bhedak dant paryaapt bade aur aatmaraksha ke liye khadg ka kaam dete hain. iski aavaaj bahut bhaari hoti hai.
vanamaanush (auraang-ootaan) - yeh sumaatra aur borniyo dveepaan ka vaasi hai. yeh naata kintu sthoolakaaya aur halake laal baalonvaala hota hai. yadyapi yeh chaar foot hi ooaincha hota hai, tathaapi iski bhuja saat foot ki ooainchaai tak pahuainch sakti hain. sir chhota, chauda aur aaainkhein sannikt hoti hain. jabade gahre, bhaari aur falon ko chabaane tatha shatru ka saamana karne mein sahaayata pahuainchaate hain. haath hi prati rakshaashastr hai aur vanamaanush shatru se ladte samay daaainton ki apeksha unapar adhik nirbhar rahata hai. iske aarohan ka dhang manushya ke hi samaan hai. yeh apna ghar vrukshon par shaakhaaon ke beech mein banaata hai. yeh sarvatha falabhakshi praani hai (dekhein auraang-ootaan).
madhyavaanar-chinpaiji (Chimpanzee) - yeh Africa nivaasi vanamaanush ki apeksha halake shareer ka hone ke kaaran aarohan mein adhik patu hota hai. iska sir bhi vanamaanush ki apeksha bada aur bhroorekhaaeain spasht hoti hain. yeh apne rahane ka sthaan bahut kuchh vanamaanush ke samaan hi banaata hai. yeh visheshat: falabhakshi hai kintu poornat: naheen.
gorilla (Gorilla) bheemavaanar - yeh Africa ke vishuvat pradeshon ke vanon ka nivaasi hai. yeh ainthropodiya vaanaron mein sabse bada aur sabse adhik bhayankar bhi hota hai. yeh saamaanyat: paaainch foot ooaincha aur bhaari shareeravaala hai. shareer ka bhaar dedh sau se lekar do sau kilogram tak hota hai. iske jabade atyant shaktishaali aur bhedak dant bade hote hain. iska chamada kaala hota hai jispar mote kaale baal hote hain. yeh yooth mein rahanevaala praani hai aur bade jhuaind banaakar rahata hai. pratyek jhund ka mukhiya ek vruddh nar bheemavaanar hota hai. yeh jhund maanav ya anya kisi praani se bhayabheet naheen hota, pratyut datakar saamana karta hai. bheemavaanar haathon aur daaainton se bhayankarata se ladta hai.
maanav vansh
maanav sarvabhakshi, sthalavaasi, dvipdagaami praani hai. yeh do pairon par seedha khada hokar chalta tatha daudta hai aur pradhaanat: khule sthaan par rahata hai.