nakshatr
aakaash mein taara-samooh ko nakshatr kehte hain. saadhaaranat: yeh chandrama ke path se jude hain, par vaastav mein kisi bhi taara-samooh ko nakshatr kehna uchit hai. rigved mein ek sthaan soorya ko bhi nakshatr kaha gaya hai. anya nakshatron mein saptarshi aur agastya hain.
nakshatr soochi atharvaved, taittireeya sanhita, shatapath braahman aur lagadh ke vedaaङag jyotish mein milti hai.
anukram
parichay
taare hamaare saur jagat ke bheetar naheen hai. ye soorya se bahut door hain aur soorya ki parikrama na karne ke kaaran sthir jaan padte hain—aarthaat ek taara doosare taare se jis or aur jitni door aaj dekha jaayaga usi or aur utani hi door par sada dekha jaayaga. is prakaar aise do chaar paas-paas rahanevaale taaron ki paraspar sthiti ka dhyaan ek baar kar lene se ham un sabko doosari baar dekhne se pehchaan sakte hain. pehchaan ke liye yadi ham un sab taaron ke milne se jo aakaar bane use nirdisht karke samooche taarakapunj ka koi naam rakh lein to aur bhi subheeta hoga. nakshatron ka vibhaag iseeliye aur isi prakaar kiya gaya hai.
chandrama 27-28 dinon mein pruthvi ke chaaron or ghoom aata hai. khagol mein yeh bhramanapath inheen taaron ke beech se hokar gaya hua jaan padta hai. isi path mein padnevaale taaron ke alag alag dal baaaindhakar ek ek taarakapunj ka naam nakshatr rakha gaya hai. is reeti se saara path in 27 nakshatron mein vibhkt hokar 'nakshatr chakr' kahalaata hai. neeche taaron ki sankhya aur aakruti sahit 27 nakshatron ke naam diye jaate hain—
| nakshatr | taaraasankhya | aakruti aur pehchaan |
|---|---|---|
| ashvini | 3 | ghoda |
| bharani | 3 | trikon |
| kruttika | 6 | agnishikha |
| rohini | 5 | gaadi |
| mrugashira | 3 | harinmastak va vidaalapad |
| aardra | 1 | ujval |
| punarvasu | 5 ya 6 | dhanush ya dhar |
| pushya | 1 va 3 | maanikya varn |
| ashlesha | 5 | kutte ki pooainchh va kulaavachakr |
| magha | 5 | hal |
| poorvaafaalguni | 2 | khatvaakaar X uttar dakshin |
| uttaraafaalguni | 2 | shayyaakaaraX uttar dakshin |
| hast | 5 | haath ka panja |
| chitra | 1 | muktaavat ujval |
| svaati | 1 | kunkun varn |
| vishaakha | 5 va 6 | toran ya maala |
| anuraadha | 7 | soop ya jaladhaara |
| jyeshtha | 3 | sarp ya kundal |
| mul | 9 ya 11 | shankh ya Singh ki pooainchh |
| purvaashaadha | 4 | soop ya haathi ka daaaint |
| uttarashaadha | 4 | soop |
| shravan | 3 | baan ya trishool |
| dhanishtha | 5 | mardal baaja |
| shatabhisha | 100 | mandalaakaar |
| poorvabhaadrapad | 2 | bhaaravat ya ghantaakaar |
| uttarabhaadrapad | 2 | do mastak |
| revati | 32 | machhali ya mrudang |
in 27 nakshatron ke atirikt 'abhijit' naam ka ek aur nakshatr pehle maana jaata tha par vah poorvaashaadha ke bheetar hi aa jaata hai, isse ab 27 hi nakshatr gine jaate hain. inheen nakshatron ke naam par maheenon ke naam rakhe gaye hain. maheene ki poornima ko chandrama jis nakshatr par rahega us maheene ka naam usi nakshatr ke anusaar hoga, jaise kaartik ki poornima ko chandrama kruttika va rohini nakshatr par rahega, agrahaayan ki poornima ko mrugashira va aarda par; isi prakaar aur samajhiye.
| # | naam | devata | paashchaatya naam | maanachitr | sthiti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ashvini (Ashvinī) | ketu | β and γ Arietis |  |
00AR00-13AR20 |
| 2 | bharani (Bharanī) | shukr (Venus) | 35, 39, and 41 Arietis | |
13AR20-26AR40 |
| 3 | kruttika (Krittikā) | ravi (Sun) | Pleiades |  |
26AR40-10TA00 |
| 4 | rohini (Rohinī) | chandr (Moon) | Aldebaran | |
10TA00-23TA20 |
| 5 |
|
|
λ, φ Orionis |  |
23TA40-06GE40 |
| 6 | aadra (Āaardrā) | raahu | Betelgeuse | |
06GE40-20GE00 |
| 7 | punarvasu (Punarvasu) | bruhaspati(Jupiter) | Castor and Pollux |  |
20GE00-03CA20 |
| 8 | pushya (Pushya) | shani (Saturn) | γ, δ and θ Cancri |  |
03CA20-16CA40 |
| 9 |
|
budh (Mercury) | δ, ε, η, ρ, and σ Hydrae |  |
16CA40-30CA500 |
| 10 |
|
ketu | Regulus |  |
00LE00-13LE20 |
| 11 |
|
shukr (Venus) | δ and θ Leonis | |
13LE20-26LE40 |
| 12 | uttaraafaalguni (Uttara Phalgunī) | ravi | Denebola | |
26LE40-10VI00 |
| 13 | hast (Hasta) | chandr | α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi |  |
10VI00-23VI20 |
| 14 | chitra (Chitrā) | chitragupt | Spica |  |
23VI20-06LI40 |
| 15 |
|
raahu | Arcturus |  |
06LI40-20LI00 |
| 16 | vishaakha (Vishāakhā) | bruhaspati | α, β, γ and ι Librae |  |
20LI00-03SC20 |
| 17 | anuraadha (Anurāadhā) | shani | β, δ and π Scorpionis |  |
03SC20-16SC40 |
| 18 |
|
budh | α, σ, and τ Scorpionis | |
16SC40-30SC00 |
| 19 | mool (Mūala) | ketu | ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ and ν Scorpionis | |
00SG00-13SG20 |
| 20 |
|
shukr | δ and ε Sagittarii |  |
13SG20-26SG40 |
| 21 | uttaraashaadha (Uttara Ashāadhā) | ravi | ζ and σ Sagittarii | |
26SG40-10CP00 |
| 22 | shravan (Shravana) | chandr | α, β and γ Aquilae |  |
10CP00-23CP20 |
| 23 |
|
α to δ Delphinus |  |
23CP20-06AQ40 | |
| 2 | 4shatabhisha (Shatabhishaj) | raahu | γ Aquarii |  |
06AQ40-20AQ00 |
| 25 |
|
bruhaspati | α and β Pegasi |  |
20AQ00-03PI20 |
| 26 |
|
shani |
γ Pegasi and |
 |
03PI20-16PI40 |
| 27 | revati (Revatī) | budh | ζ Piscium |  |
16PI40-30PI00 |
28vein nakshatr ka naam
28vein nakshatr ka naam abhijit (Abhijit)(α, ε and ζ Lyrae - Vega - uttaraashaadha aur shravan madhye)
raashi
jis prakaar chandrama ke path ka vibhaag kiya gaya hai usi prakaar us path ka vibhaag bhi hua hai jise soorya 12 maheenon mein poora karta hua jaan padta hai. is path ke 12 vibhaag kiye gaye hain jinhein raashi kehte hain. jin taaron ke beech se hokar chandrama ghoomta hai unheen par se hokar soorya bhi gaman karta hua jaan padta hai; khachakr ek hi hai, vibhaag mein antar hai. raashichkr ke vibhaag bade hain jinsein se kisi kisi ke antargat teen teen nakshatr tak aa jaate hain. kuchh vidvaanon ka mat hai ki yeh raashi-vibhaag pehle pahal misravaalon ne kiya jise yavan logon (yoonaaniyon) ne lekar aur aur sthaanon mein failaaya. pashchimi jyotishiyon ne jab dekha ki baarah raashiyon se saare antariksh ke taaron aur nakshatron ka nirdesh naheen hota hai tab unhonne aur bahut si raashiyon ke naam rakhe. is prakaar raashiyon ki sankhya din par din badhti gayi. par bhaarateeya jyotishiyon ne khagol ke uttar aur dakshin khand mein jo taare hain unhein nakshatron mein baaaindhakar nirdisht naheen kiya.