naalaapat baalamani amma

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baalamani amma
എaaൻ. ബaaാaaലaaാaaമaaണaaിaaയaaമaa്aaമ

baalamani amma ka skech
janm 19 July 1909
punnaayurkulam, maalaabaar jila, Madras praijidnsi, british raaj
mrutyu sitmbar 29, 2004(2004-09-29) (umr 95)
kochchi, Kerala, Bhaarat
(mrutyu ka kaaran: alajaaimar rog)
upajeevika kavayitri, lekhika aur anuvaadak
raashtreeyata bhaarateeya
shailiyaaain kavita
vishay saahitya
saahityik aandolan beesaveen shataabdi
pramukh puraskaar padm bhooshan, saahitya academy puraskaar, sarasvati sammaan.
jeevan sangi vee॰aema॰ Nair
santaan kamala das, sulochana, mohanadaas, shyaam sundar
yeh prushth malayalam bhaasha evam saahitya se sambandhit nimn lekh shrrunkhala ka hissa hai-
naalaapat baalamani amma
  • jeevan parichay
  • kaavyagat visheshataaeain
  • yogadaan
baahari chhaviyaaain
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naalaapat baalamani amma (malayalam: എaaൻ. ബaaാaaലaaാaaമaaണaaിaaയaaമaa്aaമ; 19 July 1909 – 29 sitmbar 2004) Bhaarat se malayalam bhaasha ki pratibhaavaan kavayitriyon mein se ek theen. ve hindi saahitya mein chhaayaavaadi yug ke chaar pramukh stambhon[k] mein se ek mahaadevi varma ki samakaaleen theen. unhonne 500 se adhik kavitaaeain likheen. unki ganana beesaveen shataabdi ki charchit va pratishthit malayalam kavayitriyon mein ki jaati hai. unki rachanaaeain ek aise anubhooti mandal ka saakshaatkaar karaati hain jo malayalam mein adrushtapoorv hai. aadhunik malayalam ki sabse sashakt kavayitriyon mein se ek hone ke kaaran unhein malayalam saahitya ki daadi [na 1]kaha jaata hai.[2]

amma ke saahitya aur jeevan par Gandhi ji ke vichaaron aur aadarshon ka spasht prabhaav raha. unki pramukh krutiyon mein amma, muthaassi, majhuveent katha[na 2]aadi hain. unhonne malayalam kavita mein us komal shabdaavali ka vikaas kiya jo abhi tak keval sanskrut mein hi sambhav maani jaati thi. iske liye unhonne apne samay ke anukool sanskrut ke komal shabdon ko chunakar malayalam ka jaama pahanaaya. unki kavitaaon ka naad-saundarya aur paini uktiyon ki vyanjana shaili anyatr durlabh hai. ve pratibhaavaan kavayitri ke saath-saath baal katha lekhika aur srujanaatmak anuvaadak bhi theen.[kh] apne pati vee॰aema॰ Nair ke saath milkar unhone apni kai krutiyon ka anya bhaashaaon mein anuvaad kiya.

amma malayalam bhaasha ke prakhar lekhak ena॰ Narayan Menon ki bhaanji thi. unase praapt shiksha-deeksha aur unki likhi pustakon ka amma par gahra prabhaav pada tha. apne maama se praapt prerana ne unhein ek kushal kavayitri banane mein madad ki. naalaapat house ki aalamaariyon se praapt pustak chayan ke kram mein unhein malayalam bhaasha ke mahaan kavi vee॰ Narayan Menon ki pustakon se parichit hone ka avsar mila. unki shaili aur srujanadharmita se ve is tarah prabhaavit hui ki dekhte hi dekhte ve amma ke priya kavi ban gaye. aaingreji bhaasha ki bhaarateeya lekhika kamala das unki suputri theen, jinke lekhan par unka khaasa asar pada tha.

amma ko malayalam saahitya ke sabhi mahattvapoorn puraskaar praapt karne ka gaurav praapt hai. gat shataabdi ki sarvaadhik lokapriya malayalam mahila saahityakaar ke roop mein ve jeevan bhar poojaneeya bani raheen.[g] unhein saahitya academy puraskaar, sarasvati sammaan aur 'ejhuthaachan puraskaar' sahit kai ullekhaneeya puraskaar va sammaan praapt hue. unhein 1987 mein Bhaarat sarkaar dvaara padm bhooshan se alankrut kiya gaya. varsh 2009, unki janm shataabdi ke roop mein manaaya gaya.

anukram

praarambhik jeevan evam shiksha

mukhya lekh : baalamani amma ka jeevan parichay

amma ka janm 19 July 1909 ko Kerala ke maalaabaar jila ke punnaayurkulam (tatkaaleen Madras praijidnsi, british raaj) mein pita chittanjoor kunjjanni raaja aur maaain naalaapat koochukutti amma ke yahaaain naalaapat mein hua tha. yadyapi unka janm naalaapat ke naam se pahachaane-jaane vaale ek roodhivaadi parivaar mein hua, jahaan ladkiyon ko vidyaalaya bhejana anuchit maana jaata tha. isliye unke liye ghar mein shikshak ki vyavastha kar di gayi thi, jinse unhone sanskrut aur malayalam bhaasha seekhi.[4]

naalaapat house ki alamaariyaaain pustakon se bhari-padi theen. in pustakon mein kaagaj par chhapi pustakon ke saath heen taadpatron par ukeri gayi hastalipi waali pustakein bhi theen. in pustakon mein baaraah sanhita se lekar Tagore tak ka rachana sansaar sammilit tha. unke maama ena॰ Narayan Menon kavi aur daarshanik the, jinhone unhein saahitya srujan ke liye protsaahit kiya. kavi aur vidvaan ghar par atithi ke roop mein aate aur hafton rahate the. is dauraan ghar mein saahityik charchaaon ka ghataatop chhaaya rahata tha. is vaataavaran ne unke chintan ko prabhaavit kiya.[4]

vyaktigat jeevan

har kaheen
laae soorya prakaash
har kaheen
lagaae bageeche
donon maargon par-
badhte vakt
badhaai
madad dene vaale.....!

“
”
baalamani amma ke daampatya ki jhalak waali
ek kavita ka ansh
pustak: 'sarasvati ki chetna' se[5]

unka vivaah 19 varsh ki aayu mein varsh 1928 mein vee॰aema॰ Nair se hua, jo aage chalakar malayalam bhaasha ke dainik samaachaar patra maatrubhoomi [na 3]ke prabandh sampaadak aur prabandh nideshak banein. vivaah ke turant baad amma apne pati ke saath Kolkata mein rahane lagi, jahaan unke pati "velafort transport company" mein varishth adhikaari the. yeh company automobile company "rols rauyas motor kaars" aur "beintale" ke upakaranon ko bechati thi. is company se tyagapatr dene ke baad unke pati ne dainik samaachaar patra maatrubhoomi mein apni sevaaeain dene hetu parivaar sahit Kolkata chhodne ka nirnaya liya. falat: alp pravaas ke baad amma apne pati ke saath Kolkata chhodakar Kerala vaapas aa gayi. 1977 mein unke pati ki mrutyu hui. lagbhag pachaas varsh tak unka daanpatya bana raha. unke daampatya ki jhalak unki kuchh kavitaaon yatha 'amrutan gamaya', 'svapn', 'paraajaya' mein mukhar hui hai.[5]

kamala surayya
amma ki suputri[7]

aadanbaron ke viruddh maanasikta ke kaaran amma aastik hote huye bhi niyamit roop se mandir naheen jaati theen. naalaapat mein rahate samay ve kabhi-kabhi vahaaain ke govindapuram mandir mein jaati theen. vahaaain ke isht devata Krishna hain. unki maama ena॰ Narayan Menon ne naalaapat ghar ke saath hi ek chhota sa mandir banavaaya tha. vahaaain jaakar ve praarthana karti theen. 'devi mahatmyam' naamak kruti ka ve nitya paaraayan karti theen.[5]

ve aaingreji va malayalam bhaasha ki prasiddh bhaarateeya lekhika kamala das ki maaain theen, jinhein unki aatmakatha 'maai story' [na 4]se atyadhik prasiddhi mili thi aur unhein saahitya mein Nobel puraskaar hetu naamit kiya gaya tha. kamala ke lekhan par amma ka atyant prabhaav pada tha.[9]iske alaava ve kramash: naalaapat sulochana, mohanadaas aur shyaam sundar ki bhi maaain theen.

unki putri kamala das unase bhaavanaatmak roop se behad judi theen. ve apni maaain se door rahakar bhi door naheen thi. unhone 1999 mein unhein yaad karte hue aaingreji mein ek kavita likhi. sheershak tha- 'maai madar ait sikshti six'. is kavita mein kamala das ne apni maaain se judi ek katha ke maadhyam se umr badhne, mrutyu aur alagaav ke vishay ki padtaal ki hai.[10] yeh behad charchit kavita kendreeya maadhyamik shiksha board ki baarahaveen kaksha ke aaingreji ke paathyakram mein shaamil hai.[11]

saahityik jeevan

mukhya lekh : baalamani amma ki kaavyagat visheshataaeain

...baalamani amma jaisi varishth lekhikaaon ke saath sabhi bhaarateeya bhaashaaon mein bahut saari jujhaaroo lekhikaaen aain hain. in lekhikaaon ke paas sahi muddon ki deshi aur jaateeya chetna kaheen adhik gahari hain.

“
”
ke॰ sachchidaanandan
pustak: 'bhaarateeya saahitya sthaapanaaen
aur prastaavanaaen mein'[12]

amma malayaali kaviyon mein
sarvashreshth kavayitri maani jaati hain.
ve daarshanik tathyon aur paarivaarik jeevan,
donon ka hi bakhoobi chitran karti hain.
pauraanik charitron-
jaise parashuraam, vishvaamitr, vibheeshan aur
mahaabali aadi ko mool vishay banaakar
unhone naatakeeya samvaad likhe hain.
apni kavitaaon mein unhonne
maanav-astitv ke
vibhinn prakaaron ka pareekshan kiya hai.
unke rangon aur bhavyata, sukh aur
du:kh ki utsukata aur cheedh,
jeet aur traasadi evam oonchaai aur
giraavat ka sookshm vivechan prastut kiya hai.

“
”
E pustak: saahitya aur bhaarateeya ekta
(prushth sankhya: 102) se[13]

amma Kerala ki raashtravaadi saahityakaar theen. unhonne raashtreeya udbodhan waali kavitaaon ki rachana ki. ve mukhyat: vaatsalya, mamata, maanavata ke komal bhaav ki kavayitri ke roop mein vikhyaat hain. fir bhi svatantrataaroopi deepak ki ushn lau se bhi ve achhooti naheen raheen. san 1929-39 ke beech likhi unki kavitaaon mein deshbhakti, gaaaindhi ka prabhaav, svatantrata ki chaah spasht parilkshit hoti hai. iske baad bhi unki rachanaaeain prakaashit hoti raheen. apne srujan se ve bhaarateeya aajaadi mein anokha kaarya kiya.[4]

unhone apni kishoraavastha mein hi anek kavitaayein likh li theen jo pustakaakaar roop mein unke vivaah ke baad prakaashit hui. unke pati ne unhein saahitya srujan ke liye paryaapt avsar diya.[14] unki suvidha ke liye ghar ke kaam-kaaj ke saath-saath bachchon ko samhaalane ke liye alag se naukar-chaakar laga diye the, taaki ve poora samay lekhan ko samarpit kar sakein. amma vivaahoparaant apne pati ke saath Calcutta mein rahane lageen theen. Calcutta- vaas ke anubhavon ne unki kaavya chetna ko atyant prabhaavit kiya.[14] apni pratham prakaashit aur charchit kavita 'kalakatte ka kaala kutiya' unhone apne patidev ke anurodh par likhi thi, jabki antararatama ki prerana se likhi gayi unki pehli kavita 'maatruchunban' hai. svatantrata aandolan ke dauraan mahaatma Gandhi ka prabhaav unke liye aparihaarya ban gaya. unhone khaddar pahani aur charakha kaata.[4]

...amma aanand aur amrut ke liye yahaaain tak ki paranivrutti ke liye door naheen jaati, kyonki :satya to jaisa door hai vaisa nikat hai, tad doore, tadu antike:kavi maanas kehta hai- mujhe shakti do ki/main apne aanand ka ansh/auron ko bhi baaaint sakooain.

“
”
dau॰ haradvaari laal sharma
kaavyalochan mein saundarya drushti,
(prushth sankhya: 67-69)

unki praarambhik kavitaaon mein se ek 'gauraiya' sheershak kavita us daur mein atyant lokapriya hui. ise Kerala raajya ki paathya-pustakon mein sammilit kiya gaya. baad mein unhone garbhadhaaran, prasav aur shishu poshan ke streejanit anubhavon ko apni kavitaaon mein piroya. iske ek dashak baad unhone ghar aur parivaar ki seemaaon se nikalkar adhyaatmikta ke kshetr mein dastak di. tab tak yeh kshetr unke liye aparichit jaisa tha. thiyosaafi ka praarambhik gyaan unke maama se unhein mila. hindu shaastron ka sahaj gyaan unhein pehle se hi tha. isliye thiyosaafi aur hindu maneesha ka sanyojit svaroop hi unke vichaaron ke roop mein lekhan mein utara.[4]

amma ke do darjan se adhik kaavya-sankalan, kai gadya-sankalan aur anuvaad prakaashit hue hain. unhonne chhoti avastha se hi kavitaaeain likhna shuroo kar diya tha. unki pehli kavita "kooppukai" 1930 mein prakaashit hui thi. unhein sarvapratham kocheen british raaj ke poorv shaasak Ram varma pareekshit thanpooran ke dvaara "saahitya nipun puraskaaram" pradaan kiya gaya. 1987 mein prakaashit "nivedyam" unki kavitaaon ka charchit sangrah hai. kavi ena॰ ena॰ Menon ki maut par shokageet ke roop mein unka ek sangrah "lokaantharaangaleel" naam se aaya tha.[15]

unki kavitaaeain daarshanik vichaaron evam maanavata ke prati agaadh prem ki abhivyakti hoti hain. bachchon ke prati prem-pagi kavitaaon ke kaaran malayalam-kavita mein ve "amma" aur "daadi" ke naam se samaadrut hain.[1] Kerala saahitya academy, akhitm achyutan nanboothari mein ek yaadagaar vaktavya ke dauraan unhein "maanav mahima ke nabi" ke roop mein varnit kiya gaya tha aur kavitaaon ki preranaastrot kaha gaya tha.[16]unhein 1987 mein Bhaarat sarkaar ne saahitya evam shiksha ke kshetr mein padm bhooshan se sammaanit kiya tha.[3][17]

prabhaav/prerana

"mere saahityik jeevan aur charitra nirmaan par mere maama ji yaani ena॰ Narayan menanaka bahut prabhaav pada hai. maama ke do upadeshon ko main bahut mahatva deti hooain. pehli baat hai ki kavi ka uddeshya paathak ki samajh mein naahi aae, aisi sthiti nahi aae. bhaav kavi ke liye spasht ho, itna kaafi naheen hai. vah iska samarthan bhi kar sake ki usane shabdon ke jariye us bhaav ko kaise abhivyakt kiya hai. ab doosari baat- vishaad kavita ka vishay ban sakta hai, kintu use pramaad ki seedhi ke roop mein hi lena hoga. mahaj vishaad ke liye vishaad na karein.”
baalamani amma[5]

suprasiddh kavi evam vidvaan ena॰ Narayan Menon ki bhaanji amma ne aupachaarik shiksha praapt naheen ki kintu svaadhyaaya aur manan dvaara saahitya aur sanskruti ko poori tarah aatmasaat kar liya aur kishoraavastha se hi badi sahajata se kavita lekhan aarambh kiya. ena॰ Narayan Menon ki shreshth rachana 'kannuneeratulli ashrubindu' naamak vilaapakaavya ka amma par gahra prabhaav pada aur unhein kavayitri banane mein bharpoor madad ki.[18]

mahaakavi vee॰ Narayan Menon unke maama ena॰ Narayan Menon ke samakaaleen, maargadarshak aur ghanishth mitr the. 'kutteekrushn maraar' aur 'mukund das' jaise vidvaan bhi unke ghar aaya karte the. ghar mein saahityik charcha ka vaataavaran rahata tha. is vaataavaran mein ve paali-badhi theen. saakshi aur asvaadika ke roop mein ve vahaaain upasthit rahati theen. mahaakavi vee॰ Narayan Menon ne malayalam saahitya mein maanav ke maanasik bhaav ko kaalpanikta ka paridhaan dekar sudar roop mein prastut karne vaale mahaan kaviyon mein se ek the, jinhone 1909 mein baalmeeki raamaayan ka anuvaad kiya. 1910 mein "badhirvilaapam" naamak vilaapakaavya likha. iske baad unhonne anek naatakeeya bhaavakaavya likhe--ganapati, bandhanasthanaaya aniruddhan, oroo kattu (ek khat), shishyanum makanum (shishya aur putri), magdalan mari yam, achhanum makanum (pita putri) kochchuseeta ityaadi. san 1924 ke baad rachit saahityamanjariyon mein hi vallattol ke deshbhakti se otaprot ve kaavyasuman khile the jinhonne unako raashtrakavi ke pad par aaseen kiya. enre gurunaathan (mere gurunaath) ityaadi un bhaavageeton mein atyadhik lokapriya hain. jeevan ke komal aur kaant bhaavon ke saath vichran karna vallattol ko priya tha. andhakaar mein khade hokar rone ki pravrutti unamein naheen thi. yeh satya hai ki patit pushpon ko dekhkar unhonne bhi aahein bhari hain, parantu unapar aaainsoo bahaate rahane ki banisbat viksit sumanon ko dekhkar aahlaad prakat karne ki pravrutti hi unamein adhik hain. amma ki rachanaaon mein unke kaavyaagat shishtaachaar ka ansh dekha ja sakta hai.[19][20]

amma kehti hain ki unke maama ena॰ Narayan Menon ke paas vishv saahitya ki kai vishisht krutiyaaain theen. un krutiyon se bachapan se hi unka saannidhya raha tha. mahaakavi rabeendranaath Tagore krut 'di gaardanar' aur 'Victor hyoogo krut 'las misrbalas' jaisi shreshth krutiyon se ve prabhaavit hui theen, jo aage chalakar unki rachanaatmakata ko dhaar dene mein sahaayak siddh hua.[5]

is prakaar amma apne saahityik jeevan mein rabeendranaath Tagore, Victor hyoogo, ena॰ Narayan Menon aur vee॰ Narayan Menon se atyadhik prabhaavit rahi hain.[21]

amma ne svatantrata ke pehle ka Bhaarat bhi dekha aur uske baad ka bhi.[22] falat: vaatsalya, mamata, maanavata ke komal bhaav ki kavayitri ke roop mein vikhyaat amma ne tatkaaleen samaaj ke bheetar vidyamaan haahaakaar, rudan ko dekha, parakha aur karun hokar andhakaar ko door karne waali bhi drushti dene ki koshish ki.[23] tees ke dashak ki unki kavitaaon mein deshbhakti, gaaaindhi ka prabhaav aur svatantrata ki chaah spasht parilkshit hoti hai.[24] bhaarateeya svatantrata sangraam ke dauraan unhone niji jeevan mein unhone khaddar pahani aur charakha bhi kaata. san 1929-39 ke beech likhi unki kavitaaon mein deshbhakti aur svatantrata ki chaah spasht parilkshit hoti hai. amma kehti hain ki naalapat parivaar ke liye Gandhi ji ek sadasya ki tarah the. unka agochar saannidhya unhein unke har kriya-kalaap ko prabhaavit karta raha. tab unhein aadanbaron se alag rahane ki prerana mili.[4]

aatmakathaatmak tippaniyaaain

apni aatmakathaatmak tippaniyon ke kram mein amma ne sveekaar kiya hai, ki kaavya rachana ke kshetr mein unke pati vee॰ ema॰ Nair ne unhein protsaahit kiya. unke sahayog unhein anvarat praapt hue hain. amma kehti hain ki-

"mere sasuraal mein mujhe badi jimmedaari nahi di gayi thi. baal-bachchon ki dekhbhaal, seva-tahal karne ke liye maaain, daadi aur sevikaaen theen. khaana pakaana ek kaam avashya hai, lekin us kaam ne mujhe kabhi bhi aakrusht nahi kiya tha. main jab kavitaaon ko poora karti thi tab patidev usako padh lete the. ve usaki aalochna karte the. ye saare kaam unhein pasand aae the."[5]

amma ek sansmaran sunaati hui kehti hain, ki-

"Kashmir Bhaarat ka hissa hai ya Pakistan ka- is baat par ek vivaad chhida tha. yuddh ki yaatanaaon ke baare mein sunakar main atyant niraash ho gayi thi. is vishay par mainne ek kavita bhi likhi. Bhaarat mein vibhinn deshon ke log aae aur yahaaain bas gaye. is desh mein sanskrutiyon ka samanvaya hua hai. aise desh mein ek tukada jameen ke liye kyon itna raktapaat ho raha hai? kyon itni mrutyu ki ghatanaaeain hoti hai? bhoomi adhik mahatvapoorn hai ya maanav jeevan? meri kavita mein yeh aashay aaya tha. patidev ne ispar aapatti ki ki is kavita mein jo mera drushtikon ubharakar aaya hai vah ek raashtrapremi ke liye uchit nahi lagta. yon kehkar meri kavita ki kamjori ki or unhone ishaara kiya. mainne khoob chintan-manan kiya to samajh mein aaya ki unka kathan theek hai. fir mainne vah kavita chhod di."[5]

pramukh krutiyaaain

mukhya lekh : baalamani amma ka rachanaatmak yogadaan

maaain bhi kuchh naheen jaanti
"batalaao maaain, mujhe batalaao,
kahaaain se, aa pahuainchi yeh chhoti si bachchi ?"
apni anujaata ko parasate-sahalaate hue
mera putr poochh raha tha mujhse;
yeh puraana savaal, jise hajaaron logon ne
pehle bhi baar-baar poochha hai.
prashn jab un pallav-adharon se foot pada
to us se naveen makarand ki kanikaaeain choo padeen;
aah, jijnyaaasa jab pehli baar aatma se footati hai
tab kitni aasvaadya ban jaati hai
teri madhurima ! kahaaain se ? kahaaain se ?
mera ant:karan bhi ratane laga yeh aadim mantr.
samast vastuon mein main usi ki pratidhvani sunane lagi
apne antarang ke kaanon se; he pratyuttaraheen mahaaprashn !
buddhivaadi manushya ki uddhat aatma mein
jisne tujhe utkeern kar diya hai
us divya kalpana ki jaya ho !
athva tumheen ho vah svarnim keerti-pataaka
jo jata rahi hai srushti mein maanav ki mahatta.
dhvanit ho rahe ho tum
samast charaacharon ke bheetar shaayad, aatmashodh ki prerana dene vaale
tumhaare aamantran ko sunakar
gaayein dekh rahi hain apni parachhaain ko jhukakar.
faili hui funagiyon mein apni chonchon se
apne aap ko tatol rahi hain, chidiyaaain.
khoj raha hai ashvatth apni deergh jataaon ko failaakar
mitti mein chhipe mool beej ko; aur, sadiyon se
apne hi shareer ka vishleshan kar raha hai pahaad.
O meri kalpane, vyarth hi too prayatn kar rahi hai
ooainche alaukik tatvon ko chhoone ke liye.
kahaaain tak ooainchi ud sakegi yeh patang
mere mastishk ki pakad mein ?
jhuk jaao mere sir, munne ke jijnyaaasa bhare prashn ke saamane !
gir jaao, he granth-vigyaan
mere sir par ke nirrthak bhaar-se
tum is mitti par.
tumhaare paas stanya ko ek kanika bhi naheen
bachche ki badhi hui satya-trushna ko -
bujhaane ke liye.
is nanheen si buddhi ko thaamane-sambhaalne ke liye
koi shaktishaali aadhaar bhi tumhaare paas naheen !
ho sakta hai, maanav ki chinta pruthvi se takaraaye
aur siddhaant ki chingaariyaaain bikher de.
par, andhakaar mein hai us viraat satya ki saar-satta
aaj bhi yathaavat.
ghadiyaaain bhaagi ja rahi theen sau-sau chintaaon ko kuchalakar;
vismayakaari veg ke saath ud-ud kar chhip rahi theen
khaare samudra ki badalti hui bhaavanaaeain
avyakt aakaar ke saath, antariksh ke path par.
mere bete ne prashn duharaaya, maata ke maun par adheer hokar.
"mere laal, meri buddhi ki aashanka abhi tak thithk rahi hai
is viraat prashn mein dubaki lagaane ke liye aur jis ko
tal-sparshi aaainkhon ne bhi naheen dekha hai, us vastu ko tatolane ke liye.
ham sab kahaaain se aaye ?
main kuchh bhi naheen jaanti !
tumhaare in nanhein haathon se hi naapa ja sakta hai
tumhaari maaain ka tattv-bodh."
apne chhote se prashn ka jab koi seedha pratyuttar naheen mil saka
to munna musakaraata hua bol utha
"maaain bhi kuchh naheen jaanti."

“
”
baalamani amma ki ek charchit kavita
'bhaarateeya jnyaaanapeeth' se prakaashit
'anuvaad 'chhappan kavitaaen' se[25]

kavita sangrah

varsh 1928 mein apne Calcutta- vaas ke anubhavon ko sametate hue unhone apne patidev ke anurodh par apni pratham kavita 'kalakatte ka kaala kutiya' likhi thi. yeh unki pratham prakaashit kavita hai, jabki antararatama ki prerana se likhi gayi unki pehli kavita 'maatruchunban' hai. unki praarambhik kavitaaon mein se ek 'gauraiya' sheershak kavita Kerala raajya ki paathya-pustakon mein sammilit hai. unka pehla kavita sangrah "kooppukai" 1930 mein prakaashit hua tha.[15]unki samast prakaashit krutiyon ka vivran isaprakaar hai-

1. kooppukai (1930)[26]
2. amma (1934)[27]
3. kutunbani (1936)[28]
4. dharmamargathil(1938)[29]
5. stri hrudayam (1939)[30]
6. prabhankuram (1942)[31]
7. bhavanail (1942)[32]
8. oonjaleenmel (1946)[33]
9. kaalikotta (1949)[34]
10. bhaavanaail (1951)[35]
11. avaar peyadunnu (1952)[36]
12. pranaamam (1954)[37]
13. lokaantharaangaleel (1955)[38]
14. sopanaam (1958)[39]
15. muthaassi (1962)[40]
16. anbalatheelekkoo (1967)[41]
17. nagarathil (1968)[42]
18. vaailaarunmpol (1971)[43]
19. amruthangamaya (1978)[44]
20. sandhya (1982)[45]
21. nivedyam (1987)[46]
22. mathruhrudayam (1988)[47]

baal saahitya

1. majhuveent katha (1966)[48]

gadya saahitya

1. jeevitaatteelut(aatmakathaatmak nibandhon ka sankalan, 1969)[49]

2. 'sarasvati ki chetna' (aatmakathaatmak tippaniyaaain hindi mein)[50]

anuvaad

1. "chhappan kavitaaen-baalamani amma" (malayalam bhaasha se hindi mein anuvaad,1971)[25]

2. "thirty poems-baalamani amma" (malayalam bhaasha se aaingreji mein anuvaad,1979)[51]

3. nivedaya (malayalam bhaasha se hindi mein anuvaad,2003)[52]

4. Chakravalam (Horizon) - hindi anuvaad: kshitij, (malayalam bhaasha se aaingreji mein anuvaad,1940)[53]

5. Mother - hindi anuvaad: maaain, (malayalam bhaasha se aaingreji mein anuvaad,1950)[54]

mrutyoparaant prakaashit kruti

1. wala (2010)[55]

saahitya samagr granth

1. 'baalamaniammaayoode kavithaakaal' [gh] (sampoorn samhaaram)[56]

tulanaatmak shodh

1. 'baalamani ammaayoode kavithaalokaangal' (bhaasha: malayalam), lekhika: ema॰ leelaavati[57]

2. "hindi aur malayalam ke svachhandatavaadi kaavya ki prakruti", shodhakarta: muraleedhar pillai, dau॰ harisinh gaur vishvavidyaalaya, saagar, 1969[58]

3. "aadhunik hindi aur malayalam kaavya mein prakruti ka upayog", shodhakarta: Desai bargis, dau॰ harisinh gaur vishvavidyaalaya, saagar, 1970[58]

4. "shreemati mahaadevi varma aur shreemati baalamani amma ki kavitaaon ka tulanaatmak adhyayan", shodhakarta: ema॰ raadhaadevi, dau॰ harisinh gaur vishvavidyaalaya, saagar, 1971[58]

sammaan/ puraskaar

svatantrata-praapti ke pehle hi kaavya saadhana shuroo karne waali kuchh ullekhaneeya kavayitriyaaain malayalam mein hain. svatantrata-praapti ke baad bhi ve srujanarat raheen. us peedhi ki kavayitriyon mein naalaapat baalamani amma agrani hain.

“
”
dau॰ aarasoo[5]

nidhan

lagbhag paaainch varshon tak alajaaimar rog se joojhane ke baad 95 varsh ki avastha mein 29 September 2004 ko shaam 4 baje kochchi mein unki mrutyu ho gayi. apne pati ki mrutyu ke baad se ve yahaaain apne bachchon kramash: shyaam sundar (putr) aur sulochana (putri) ke saath rah raheen theen. unka antim sanskaar kochchi ke ravipuram shav daah gruh mein hui.[17][60]

smruti shesh

amma ki smruti mein kochchi antarraashtreeya pustak mahotsav samiti dvaara pratyek varsh malayalam bhaasha ke kisi ek saahityakaar ko 'baalamani amma puraskaar' pradaan kiya jaata hai. iske antargat sammaan svaroop pachchees hajaar rupaye nakad, smruti chinh aur ang vastram pradaan karne ka praavadhaan hai. abatak yeh sammaan sangathaakumaari, ema॰ leelaavati, akkitm, koviln, kakkaanaadan, vish‍aanu Narayanan nam‍aabooti‍ari, si Radhakrishnan, ema॰ pee॰ veereindrakumaar, yusuf Ali kacheri aur pee॰ valasala ko pradaan kiya ja chuka hai.[61][62]

yeh bhi dekhein

uddharan

  1. ↑ malayalam bhaasha mein മaaുaaതaa്aaതaaശaa്aaശaaി yaani "muthaassi" daadi ko kaha jaata hai..[1]
  2. ↑ malayalam bhaasha mein "amma" ka abhipraaya maaain, "muthaassi" ka daadi aur "majhuveent katha" ka abhipraaya kulhaadi ki kahaani se hai..[3]
  3. ↑ malayalam bhaasha mein മaaാaaതaaൃaaഭaaൂaaമaaി.[6]
  4. ↑ pustak: maai story itni vivaadaaspad hui aur itni padhi gayi ki usaka pandrah videshi bhaashaaon mein anuvaad hua aur antararaashtreeya star par khyaati mili. kamala malayalam bhaasha mein maadhavi kutati ke naam se likhti theen aur unhein varsh 1984 mein Nobel puraskaar ke liye naamaankit bhi kiya gaya tha. .[8]

teeka-tippani

k. ^ chhaayaavaad ke anya teen stambh hain, jayashankar prasaad, sooryakaant tripaathi niraala aur sumitraanandan pant.

kh. ^ unke srujanaatmak lekhan aur anuvaad karm ki charcha pustak: saundarya, kala aur kaavya ke pariprekshya mein hui hai.[69]

g. ^ unke srujanaatmak paksh par sankshipt charcha taarasaptak mein hui hai.[70]

gh. ^ baalamani amma ki kavitaaon ka yeh samagr sangrah unki beti naalaapat sulochana dvaara ek praakkathan ke saath sankalit kiya gaya hai, jiska parichay ke॰ sachchidaanandan ne likha hai.[71]

sandarbh

  1. ↑ a aa "Balamaniamma [baalamani amma]" (malayalam mein). malayaala manorama. http://www.manoramaonline.com/advt//Lifestyle/Poetry_Day/memory_06.htm. abhigman tithi: 23 April 2014.
  2. ↑ "Balamani Amma, Malayali poet (video interview) [baalamani amma, malayaali kavayitri (video saakshaatkaar)]" (angreji mein). India video. http://www.indiavideo.org/literature/poet-malayalam-balamani-amma-3818.php. abhigman tithi: 1 July 2014.
  3. ↑ a aa George, ke॰aema॰ (1998) (aaingreji mein). Western influence on Malayalam language and literature [malayalam bhaasha aur saahitya par pashchimi prabhaav]. saahitya academy. pp. 132. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 978-81-260-0413-3. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=MZqqyxVkufQC.
  4. ↑ a aa i E u oo Tandon, vishn Narayan. "sarasvati sammaan, puraskrut rachanaakaar ka vaktavya". http://books.google.co.in/books?id=I0kNE8X02eMC&pg=RA1-PA27&lpg=RA1-PA27&dq=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&source=bl&ots=tkrp17qfcZ&sig=rqzDUz2Du2ux_FDb-scFyXo3EL0&hl=hi&sa=X&ei=CMeRU9OXCIa8uASMj4LoDw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&f=false. abhigman tithi: 6 June 2014.
  5. ↑ a aa i E u oo A ai O au k naalaapat baalamani amma, anuvaadak: dau॰ aarasu. "sarasvati ki chetna (pustak)" (echateeemael). Google book. p. 102. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=EULXAkOnJqoC&pg=PT103&lpg=PT103&dq=balamani+amma&source=bl&ots=Bd8jcNW6Jf&sig=iZg680QZeF91p-YtAw4siVLToEk&hl=hi&sa=X&ei=b5myU-qTJMW8ugSCtYGIDA&ved=0CBgQ6AEwADgo#v=onepage&q=balamani%20amma&f=false.
  6. ↑ "About us [maatrubhoomi ke baare mein]" (aaingreji mein). http://www.mathrubhumi.com/php/displayBottom.php?bId=121. abhigman tithi: 6 June 2014.
  7. ↑ "The Rediff Interview/ Kamala Suraiya [redif saakshaatkaar / kamala suraiya]" (aaingreji mein). Rediff.com. 19 July 2000. http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jul/19inter.htm. abhigman tithi: 19 June 2014.
  8. ↑ "abhivyakti ke khatre uthaane waali kamala das (lekhak: Ravindra vyaas)". web duniya hindi. http://hindi.webdunia.com/miscellaneous/literature/remembrance/0906/02/1090602062_1.htm. abhigman tithi: 16 June 2014.
  9. ↑ visbord, merrili (2010) (aaingreji mein). The Love Queen of Malabar: Memoir of a Friendship with Kamala Das [maalaabaar ki prem raani: kamala das ke saath ek dosti ka sansmaran]. maikagil-kveens university press. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 978-0-7735-3791-0. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=BXyXH9nP8L8C.
  10. ↑ "My Mother at Sixty-Six Kamala Das [chhaachhath varsh mein meri maaain-kamala das]" (aaingreji mein). notmonk. http://www.notemonk.com/node/1128/My.Mother.at.Sixty-Six.Kamala.Das/. abhigman tithi: 19 July 2014.
  11. ↑ "MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX CBSE – CLASS – XII – ENGLISH TEXT BOOK ANSWERS AND ANALYSIS [chhaachhath varsh mein meri maaain seebeeesai mein baarahaveen kaksha ke angreji paath ka uttar aur vishleshan]" (aaingreji mein). CBSENCERTANSWERS. http://www.cbsencertanswers.com/2014/04/my-mother-at-sixty-six-cbse-class-xii.html. abhigman tithi: 19 July 2014.
  12. ↑ "pustak:bhaarateeya saahitya sthaapanaaen aur prastaavanaaen, lekhak: ke॰ sachchidaanandan, prushth sankhya: 68". Rajkamal prakaashan private limited. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=eRj5opcFoggC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&source=bl&ots=skHCmE7WI1&sig=dUlE9jKmUhbvucymbVawkV-GgNc&hl=hi&sa=X&ei=GbNkU_X2HtO0uAS75IAw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&f=false. abhigman tithi: 3 May 2014.
  13. ↑ "pustak: prem: ek elbam, lekhika: vee॰ ema॰ girja". Rajkamal prakaashan private limited. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=1E9BPikY6A0C&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&source=bl&ots=0uvLuuJsK5&sig=DiApS-lcb04H2g1JNiuwal2_774&hl=hi&sa=X&ei=GbNkU_X2HtO0uAS75IAw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&f=false. abhigman tithi: 3 May 2014.
  14. ↑ a aa amaresh datt aur anya (2006) (angreji mein). The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature [bhaarateeya saahitya ka vishvakosh]. saahitya academy. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 9788126018031. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC.
  15. ↑ a aa i E u oo A ai O au "A prolific writer [ek vipul lekhika]" (angreji mein). the hindu. 30 sitmbar 2004. http://hindu.com/2004/09/30/stories/2004093011150400.htm. abhigman tithi: 23 April 2014.
  16. ↑ "Balamaniyamma remembered [baalamani amma smruti shesh]" (angreji mein). the hindu. 8 October 2004. http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/08/stories/2004100811520400.htm. abhigman tithi: 23 April 2014.
  17. ↑ a aa "Balamani Amma no more [baalamani amma naheen raheen]" (angreji mein). the Indian ekspres. 30 sitmbar 2004. http://archive.is/86ZwD#selection-809.0-809.21. abhigman tithi: 3 May 2014.
  18. ↑ "Nalapat Narayana Menon" (naalaapat Narayan Menon). Kerala Sahitya Akademi. Retrieved April 30, 2014.(aaingreji me)
  19. ↑ Sisir Kumar Das (1 January 1995) (aaingreji mein). History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy [bhaarateeya saahitya ka itihaas: 1911-1956, svatantrata ke liye sangharsh: vijay aur traasadi]. Sahitya Akademi. pa॰ 206. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC.
  20. ↑ Zarrilli, Phillip (2004) (aaingreji mein). Kathakali Dance-Drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play [kathakali nrutya naatak: devataagan aur daanav yahaaain khelne aate hain]. Routledge. pp. 30-31. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 9780203197660. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eVHCnqglqyoC&pg=PA30.
  21. ↑ a aa "Balamaniamma Biography [baalamani amma ki jeevani]" (aaingreji mein). http://www.veethi.com/india-people/balamani_amma-profile-2225-25.htm. abhigman tithi: 2 May 2014.
  22. ↑ [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/6169/8/08_chapter%202.pdf shodhaganga] (angreji mein) prushth 4
  23. ↑ hemalata devi. "THE STRAY GOATS OF THE BAZAAR [baajaar ki aavaara chhagariyaaain]" (angreji mein). http://samyukta.info/site/book/export/html/11. abhigman tithi: 16 January 2015.
  24. ↑ maargareeta jolly (2013) (angreji mein). Encyclopedia of Life Writing [jeevan lekhan vishvakosh]. rootalej. pa॰ 262. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 9781136787447. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pedJAgAAQBAJ.
  25. ↑ a aa baalamani amma (1971). chhappan kavitaaen (pepar back). bhaarateeya jnyaaanapeeth prakaashan, Delhi. pa॰ 159.
  26. ↑ baalamani amma (1970, dviteeya sanskaran) (malayalam mein). കaaൂaaപaa്aaപaaുaaകaaൈ [kooppukai]. maatrubhoomi press. pa॰ 39. ASIN B0000CQ2AY.
  27. ↑ baalamani amma (1970, dviteeya sanskaran) (malayalam mein). അaaമaa്aaമ [amma]. maatrubhoomi press. pa॰ 38. ASIN B0000CQ1N3.
  28. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1936) (malayalam mein). കaaുaaടaaുaaംaaബaaിaaനaaി [kutunbani]. maatrubhoomi books.
  29. ↑ baalamani amma (1954) (malayalam mein). ധaaർaaമaa്aaമaaമaaാaaർaaഗaa്aaഗaaതaa്aaതaaിaaൽ [dharmamargathil]. maatrubhoomi press. pa॰ 2. ASIN B0000CQ0BG.
  30. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1939) (malayalam mein). സaa്aaതaa്aaരaaീaaഹaaൃaaദaaയaaം [stri hrudayam]. maatrubhoomi books.
  31. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1942) (malayalam mein). പaa്aaരaaഭaaാaaങaa്aaകaaുaaരaaം [prabhankuram]. maatrubhoomi books.
  32. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1942) (malayalam mein). ഭaaാaaവaaനaaയaaിaaൽ [bhavanail]. maatrubhoomi books.
  33. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1946) (malayalam mein). ഊaaഞaa്aaഞaaാaaലaaിaaനaa്aaമaaേaaൽ [oonjaleenmel]. maatrubhoomi books.
  34. ↑ baalamani amma (1949) (malayalam mein). കaaളaaിaaകaa്aaകaaൊaaടaa്aaട [kaalikotta]. maatrubhoomi press. pa॰ 32. ASIN B0000CQ0BH.
  35. ↑ baalamani amma (1951) (malayalam mein). വaaെaaളaaിaaചaa്aaചaaതaa്aaതaaിaaൽ [bhaavanaail]. mangalodayam limited. pa॰ 43. ASIN B0000CQ2AL.
  36. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1952) (malayalam mein). അaaവaaർ പaaാaaടaaുaaനaa്aaനaaു [avaar peyadunnu]. maatrubhoomi books.
  37. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1954) (malayalam mein). പaa്aaരaaണaaാaaമaaം [pranaamam]. maatrubhoomi press. pa॰ 2. ASIN B0000CQ0BF.
  38. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1955) (malayalam mein). ലaaോaaകaaാaaനaa്aaതaaരaaങaa്aaങaaളaaിaaൽ [lokaantharaangaleel]. maatrubhoomi books.
  39. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1958) (malayalam mein). സaaോaaപaaാaaനaaം [sopanaam]. maatrubhoomi books.
  40. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1962) (malayalam mein). മaaുaaതaa്aaതaaശaa്aaശaaി [muthaassi]. maatrubhoomi books.
  41. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1967) (malayalam mein). അaaമaa്aaപaaലaaതaa്aaതaaിaaൽ [anbalatheelekkoo]. maatrubhoomi books.
  42. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1968) (malayalam mein). നaaഗaaരaaതaa്aaതaaിaaൽ [nagarathil]. maatrubhoomi books.
  43. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1971) (malayalam mein). വaaെaaയaaിaaലaaാaaറaaുaaമaa്aaപaaോaaൾ [vaailaarunmpol]. maatrubhoomi books. pa॰ 46.
  44. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1978) (malayalam mein). അaaമaaൃaaതaaംaaഗaaമaaയ [amruthangamaya]. maatrubhoomi books.
  45. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1982) (malayalam mein). സaaനaa്aaധaa്aaയ [sandhya]. maatrubhoomi books.
  46. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1987) (malayalam mein). നaaിaaവaaേaaദaa്aaയaaം [nivedyam]. vaani prakaashan. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 81-7055-501-9.
  47. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1988) (malayalam mein). മaaാaaതaaൃaaഹaaൃaaദaaയaaം [mathruhrudayam]. maatrubhoomi books.
  48. ↑ baalamani amma (1966) (malayalam mein). മaaഴaaുaaവaaിaaനaa്aaറaaെ കaaഥ [majhuveent katha]. maatrubhoomi press. pa॰ 50. ASIN B0000CQ0BG.
  49. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (1969) (malayalam mein). സaaഹaaപaaാaaഠaaിaaകaaൾ [jeevitaatteelut]. maatrubhoomi. pa॰ 126. ASIN B0000CQ1N5.
  50. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma, anuvaadak: dau॰ aarasu. "sarasvati ki chetna (pustak)" (echateeemael). Google book. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=EULXAkOnJqoC&pg=PT103&lpg=PT103&dq=balamani+amma&source=bl&ots=Bd8jcNW6Jf&sig=iZg680QZeF91p-YtAw4siVLToEk&hl=hi&sa=X&ei=b5myU-qTJMW8ugSCtYGIDA&ved=0CBgQ6AEwADgo#v=onepage&q=balamani%20amma&f=false.
  51. ↑ baalamani amma (1979) (aaingreji mein). Thirty Poems [thirty poems]. sangam books limited. pa॰ 72. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 9780861256259.
  52. ↑ naalaapat baalamani amma (2003). nivedaya (sajild). vaani prakaashan. pa॰ 672. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 9788170555018.
  53. ↑ Nāalappāaṭaṭ Nāarāayaṇaamēanōan; Bāalāamaṇaiyamma (1940) (aaingreji mein). Chakravalam (Horizon)hindi: chakravalam horeejon. Bombay, International Book House. http://www.worldcat.org/title/chakravalam-horizon/oclc/143533&referer=brief_results.
  54. ↑ Bāalāamaṇaiyamma (1950(2d ed)) (aaingreji mein). Mother hindi: maaain. Bombay, International Book House. http://www.worldcat.org/title/mother/oclc/42956918&referer=brief_results.
  55. ↑ baalamani amma (2010) (malayalam mein). வaaள [wala] (pepar back). maatharubhoomi books. pa॰ 40. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 9788182648821.
  56. ↑ baalamani amma (2012 (June)) (malayalam mein). ബaaാaaലaaാaaമaaണaaിaaഅaaമaa്aaമaaയaaുaaടaaെ കaവaിaതaകaളa്a‍ ['baalamaniammaayoode kavithaakaal' (sampoorn samhaaram)] (sajild). maatharubhoomi books. pa॰ 760. http://www.indulekha.com/balamaniammayude-kavithakal-poems-balamaniamma.
  57. ↑ ema॰ leelaavati. "Balamani Ammayude Kavithalokangal (baalamani ammaayoode kavithaalokaangal)". http://www.indulekha.com/balamani-ammayude-kavithalokangal-balamani-amma-dr-m-leelavathi-criticism-poems. abhigman tithi: 2 July 2014.
  58. ↑ a aa i vijyapaal Singh. "hindi anusandhaan". p. 297 pru. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ffl8GO7Cw5UC&pg=PT302&lpg=PT302&dq=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&source=bl&ots=sYh_o1OFJe&sig=e-FB21EwIS6vXelGpvGJKLYtOG8&hl=hi&sa=X&ei=lLtsU_PcCsmHuASXiYCIAw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&f=false. abhigman tithi: 9 May 2014.
  59. ↑ Netzone, India. "1987 Padma Bhushan Awardees [1987, padm bhooshan sammaan se sammaanit pratibhaagi]" (aaingreji mein). http://www.indianetzone.com/40/1987_padma_bhushan_awardees.htm. abhigman tithi: 10 May 2014.
  60. ↑ "Is Balamani Amma dead? [baalamani amma naheen raheen?]" (aaingreji mein). E vi I portal. http://www.evi.com/q/is_balamani_amma_dead. abhigman tithi: 9 May 2014.
  61. ↑ express, Indian. "Kecheri wins Balamani Amma award [kacheri ko baalamani amma puraskaar]" (aaingreji mein). http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1312905.ece. abhigman tithi: 3 July 2014.
  62. ↑ hindu, di. "Balamani Amma Award for Valsala [valasala ko baalamani amma puraskaar]" (aaingreji mein). http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/balamani-amma-award-for-valsala/article5435509.ece. abhigman tithi: 3 July 2014.
  63. ↑ "Status of women declining: Sugathakumari [ghat rahi mahilaaon ki sthiti: sangathaakumaari]" (angreji mein). di hindu (tiruvanantapuram, Bhaarat). 3 November 2000. http://www.hindu.com/2000/11/03/stories/0403404f.htm. abhigman tithi: 3 June 2014.
  64. ↑ "Nayar award for M. Leelavathy [ema॰ leelaavati ko Nair puraskaar]" (angreji mein). di hindu. 2 October 2009. http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/02/stories/2009100254620600.htm. abhigman tithi: 3 June 2014.
  65. ↑ "Telling her story [usaki kahaani bol rahi hai]" (aaingreji mein). di hindu. 9 May 2008. http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/05/09/stories/2008050950130300.htm. abhigman tithi: 4 July 2014.
  66. ↑ kovaleen ka homapej, abhigman tithi: 4 July 2014.
  67. ↑ "Mahakavi Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri [mahaakavi akkitm achyutan nanboothiri]" (aaingreji mein). keralatourism.org. http://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/akkitham-achuthan-namboothiri-88.php. abhigman tithi: 4 July 2014.
  68. ↑ "Veerendra Kumar, Nanjil Nadan among Sahitya Akademi winners [veerendr Kumar aur naanaji naadaan ko saahitya academy puraskaar]" (aaingreji mein). di hindu. 9 May 2008. http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/21/stories/2010122165822400.htm. abhigman tithi: 4 July 2014.
  69. ↑ pustak: saundarya, kala aur kaavya ke pariprekshya mein, anoo mishra, prushth sankhya: 101
  70. ↑ pustak: taarasaptak, sampaadak: ajnyaeya, prushth sankhya: 269
  71. ↑ pustak ka malayalam bhaasha mein sheershak : ബaaാaaലaaാaaമaaണaaിaaഅaaമaa്aaമaaയaaുaaടaaെ കaവaിaതaകaളa്a‍, prakaashak: maatrubhoomi, prushth sankhya: 760, saaij: dimaai 1/8, bandhan: sajild, prakaashan varsh: June 2012

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vikimeediya kaumans par naalaapat baalamani amma se sambandhit media hai.
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