munda

munda
munda samudaaya ka ek aadmi
kul janasankhya
9,000,000[1]
khaas aavaas kshetr
Bhaarat
bhaashaaeain
mundaari
dharm
Sarnaism, Christianity
anya sambandhit samooh
Hos • Kols • Santals

'munda' ek bhaarateeya aadivaasi samudaaya hai, jo mukhya roop se jhaarakhand ke chhota Nagpur kshetr mein nivaas karta hai| jhaarakhand ke alaava ye Bihar, pashchim Bengal, odisa aadi bhaarateeya raajyon mein bhi rahate hain| inki bhaasha mundaari aastro-eshiyaatik bhaasha parivaar ki ek pramukh bhaasha hai| unka bhojan mukhya rup se dhaan, madooaa, makka, jungle ke fal-fool aur kandh-mool hain | ve sootti vastr pahanate hain | mahilaaon ke liye vishesh prakaar ki saadi hoti hai, jise baarah hathiya (baaraki lija:) kehte hain | purush saadhaaran-sa dhoti ka prayog karte hain, jise tolong kehte hain | munda, Bhaarat ki ek pramukh janajaati hain | 20 veen sadi ke anusaar unki sankhya lagbhag 9,000,000 thi |^[1]

munda sanskruti ki saamaajik vyavastha bahut hi buniyaadi aur saral hai | mundaaon ke liye bhaarateeya jaati vyavastha videshi hai | unke dafanaae gaye poorvaj parivaar ke abhibhaavak ke rup me yaad kiye jaate hain | dafan patthar (sasandeeri) unka vanshaavali ka prateek hai | yeh patthar sulaakar dharati par rakhi jaati hai par kabr ke rup mein chinhit naheen hota | balki, mrutakon ke haddiyon ko is patthar ke tahat rakhate hain, jahaaain pichhle poorvajon ki haddiyaaain bhi maujood hain | jab tak kabristaan (jang topa) samaaroh naheen hota tab tak mrutakon ke haddiyon ko mitti ke barttan mein rakha jaata hai | har varsh mein ek baar, parivaar ke sabhi sadasya apni shradhdaanjali dene ke liye dafan pattharon par jaate hain aur yeh aavashyak maana hai | poorvajon ko yaad karne ke liye anya patthar bhi hain jinhein memoriyl patthar (bho:deeri) kaha jaata hai | yeh patthar khade sthiti mein rakha jaata hai | is patthar ko rakhane ke liye bhi samaaroh hota hai jise patthar gadi (deeri been) parb kehte hain | praacheen kaal se hi munda log chhotaanaagapur kshetr sahit aaspaas ke kshetron mein bhi fail gaye hain | shuruaati samay mein ve log alag-alag samoohon mein, par ek hi upanaam (kili,gotr) mein base | haalaanki ab ve log apni-apni ichha ke anusaar poore jhaarakhand mein base hain | puraane samay se abhi tak munda logon ki sanskruti ke anusaar ve ek hi gotr ya upanaam me shaadi naheen kar sakte hain | yadi koi shaadi kar bhi liya to unhein kadi-se-kadi saja di jaati hai | us saja ya dand ko jaat nikaala (deshaabaahar) kehte hain | ek dulhan aur ek dulhe ke ek hi gotr mein shaadi hona anaachaar maana jaata hai aur is tarah yeh rishta saamaajik avaanchhaneeya hai | gotr ka arth hai-khoon ka rishta | ek hi upanaam ya gotr ke sambandh, bhaai aur bahan ke sambandh ki tarah maana jaata hai | santhaal, ho aur khadiya rakt-bhaai aadivaasiyon ki samudaaya maana jaata hai | at: unke saath shaadi karna aam hai |^[2]

dharm aur janajaatiyon ki pehchaan

jyaadaatar munda log sarana dharm ko maanate hain | ve ek ishvar par vishvaas karte hain jo sinbonga kahalaata hai | tathaapi ek-chauthaai munda log isaai dharm ko apnaaya hai | isaai dharm mein kuchh munda log roman Catholic ko aur kuchh protesteint ko apnaaye hain | ek munda ka upanaam praakrutik tatvon, ped, pashu, pakshi ya kisi bhi prakruti sambandhit vastu par aadhaarit hai jo chhotaanaagapur kshetr mein paae jaate hain | neeche likhe gaye upanaam munda logon mein aam hai:- aaind (durlabh nadi machhali ke prajaatiyaaain), baage (kumhaar, anjeer vruksh ki prajaatiyaaain), bheingara, bhooinya (pruthvi), bodara, budh, chauriya (chooha), dodaraaya, gudiya, hembarom, hereinj, honahaga (chhote bhaai), horo (kachhuaa), jojo (imali), kandulana, kandeer (sher), daaaing, demta (vruksh cheenti ki prajaati), kauriya, keraketta, konagaadi (durlabh pakshi ki prajaati), lugoon, lomga, mundoo, poorti, sammad, sanga, soya, surin (safed rang ka hans ki prajaatiyon ke pakshi)| munda samudaaya ke kuchh aur bhi upanaam hain jo yahaaain varnit naheen kiya gaya hai | bahut log apna gotr ya upanaam ke jagah munda likhna pasand karte hain |^[3]

• aadivaasi
• birsa munda