mangalayaan

mangal kakshitr mission

bhaarateeya mangalayaan : kalaakaar ki avadhaarana
mission prakaar	mangal kaksheeyaan
sanchaalak	isaro
website	maars orbitr mission
mission avadhi	300 din
antariksh yaan ke gun
nirmaata	bhaarateeya antariksh anusandhaan sangathan upagrah kendra
launch vajan	1,350 kigra (2,980 paaund)[1]
pelod vajan	15 kigra (33 paaund)[2]
oorja	saur sel
mission ka aarambh
prakshepan tithi	5 November 2013, 09:08 UTC[3]
rocket	pi esaelavi-eksael see25[1]
prakshepan sthal	sateesh dhavan antariksh kendra efaelapi
thekedaar	isaro
kaksheeya maapadand
nirdesh pranaali	mangalakeindrik
paridhi	377 kimi (234 meal)
upasaur	80,000 kimi (50,000 meal)
jhukaav	17.864 degree[4]
yug	yojanaabaddh
mangal kaksheeyaan
kaksheeya niveshan	24 sitmbar 2014[5] (yojanaabaddh)
upakaran
methane censor, tharmal infraared spektromeetar, maars kalar camera, lamen alfa fotomeetar, mangal bahirmandal udaaseen sanrachana vishleshak

mangalayaan, (aupachaarik naam- mangal kakshitr mission, angreji: Mars Orbiter Mission; maars orbitr mission), Bhaarat ka pratham mangal abhiyaan hai. vastut: yeh bhaarateeya antariksh anusandhaan sangathan ki ek mahatvaakaankshi antariksh pariyojana hai. is pariyojana ke antargat 5 November 2013 ko 2 bajkar 38 minute par mangal grah ki parikrama karne hetu chhoda gaya ek upagrah Andhra pradesh ke shreeharikota sthit sateesh dhavan antariksh kendra se dhruveeya upagrah prakshepan yaan (peeesaऍlavi) si-25 ke dvaara safalataapoorvak chhoda gaya. iske saath hi Bhaarat bhi ab un deshon mein shaamil ho gaya hai jinhonne mangal par apne yaan bheje hain. vaise ab tak mangal ko jaanane ke liye shuroo kiye gaye do tihaai abhiyaan asafal bhi rahe hain parantu 24 September 2014 ko mangal par pahuainchane ke saath hi Bhaarat vishv mein apne pratham prayaas mein hi safal hone wala pehla desh ban gaya hai. iske atirikt ye mangal par bheja gaya sabse sasta mission bhi hai . ^{[6] [7][8]}

vastut: yeh ek praudyogiki pradarshan pariyojana hai jiska lakshya antaragraheeya antariksh missiono ke liye aavashyak design, niyojan, prabandhan tatha kriyaanvayan ka vikaas karna hai.^[9] orbitr apne upakaranon ke saath kam-se-kam 6 maah tak kaksha mein deergh vruttaakaar path par mangal ki parikrama karta rahega tatha aankade va tasveerein pruthvi par bhejega.^[7]

pratishthit 'time' patrika ne mangalayaan ko 2014 ke sarvashreshth aavishkaaron mein shaamil kiya.^[10]

mangalayaan ke saath paaainch prayogaatmak upakaran bheje gaye hain jinka kul bhaar 15 kilogram hai.^[9] -

• methane censor (methane sanvedak) - yeh mangal ke vaataavaran mein mithen gas ki maatra ko maapega tatha iske sroton ka maanachitr banaaega. mithen gas ki maujoodagi se jeevan ki sambhaavnaaon ka anumaan lagaaya jaata hai.^[7]

• tharmal infraared spektromeetar (TIS) (ooshmeeya avarakt spektromaapak) - yeh mangal ki satah ka taapamaan tatha utsarjakata (emissivity) ki maap karega jisse mangal ke satah ki sanrachana tatha khanijki (mineralogy) ka maanachitran karne mein safalta milegi.

• maars kalar camera (MCC) (mangal varn camera)- yeh drushya spectrum mein chitr kheenchega jisse anya upakaranon ke kaam karne ke liye sandarbh praapt hoga.

• lamen alfa fotomeetar (Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP)) (limain alfa prakaashamaapi) - yeh oopari vaataavaran mein dyooteeriym tatha haaidrojan ki maatra maapega.

• mangal iksosferik nyootral sanrachana vishleshak (MENCA) (mangal bahirmandal udaaseen sanrachana vishleshak) - yeh ek chatu:dhruvi dravyamaan vishleshak hai jo bahirmandal (iksosfeeyar) mein anaaveshit kan sanrachana ka vishleshan karne mein saksham hai.

is mission ki laagat 450 karod rupaye (kareeb 6 karod 90 lakh dollar) hai.^[11] yeh naasa ke pehle mangal mission ka dasavaan aur cheen-Japan ke naakaam mangal abhiyaanon ka ek chauthaai bhar hai.^[12]

mangalayaan ki paribhraman kaksha (theek-theek paimaane se naheen hai)

• 3 August 2012 - isaro ki mangalayaan pariyojana ko Bhaarat sarkaar ne sveekruti di. iske liye 2011-12 ke bajat mein hi dhan ka aabantan kar diya gaya tha.^[11]

• 5 November 2013 - mangalayaan mangalvaar ke din dopahar bhaarateeya samay 2:38 apaharan par shreeharikota (Andhra pradesh) ke sateesh dhavan antariksh kendra se dhruveeya prakshepan yaan peeesaelavi si-25 dvaara prakshepit kiya gaya.^[6] 3:20 apaharan ke nirdhaarit samay par peeesaelavi-si 25 ke chauthe charan se alag hone ke uparaant yaan pruthvi ki kaksha mein pahuainch gaya aur iske solar painalon aur dish aakaar ke enteena ne kaamayaabi se kaam karna shuroo kar diya tha.^[13]

• 5 November se 01 December 2013 tak yeh pruthvi ki kaksha mein ghoomega tatha kaksha (orbit) saamanjasya se jude 6 mahatvapoorn operation honge. isaro ki yojana pruthvi ki gurutveeya kshamata ka bharpoor istemaal karke mangalayaan ko palaayan veg dene ki hai. yeh kaafi dhairya ka kaam hai aur ise chhah kiston mein 01 December 2013 tak poora kar liya jaayega.^[12]

• 7 November 2013 - bhaarateeya samayaanusaar ek bajkar 17 minute par mangalayaan ki kaksha ko ooaincha kiya gaya. iske liye baingaluroo ke pee‍aan‍aaya sthit isaro ke antariksh yaan niyantran kendra se antariksh yaan ke 440 n‍aayootan likvid engine ko 416 sekeindon tak chalaaya gaya jiske parinaamasvaroop pruth‍aavi se mangalayaan ka shirobin‍aadu (pruth‍aavi se adhiktam doori par‍ sthit bin‍aadu) 28,825 kilometer tak ooaincha ho gaya, jabki pruth‍aavi se usaka niktatam bin‍aadu 252 kilometer ho gaya.^[13]

• 11 November 2013 ko niyojit chauthe charan mein shirobin‍aadu ko 130 meter prati second ki gati dekar lagbhag 1 lakh kilometer tak ooaincha karne ki yojana thi, kintu likvid injin mein kharaabi aa gayi. parinaamat: ise maatr 35 meter prati second ki gati dekar 71,623 se 78,276 kilometer hi kiya ja saka. is charan ko poora karne ke liye ek poorak prakriya 12 November 0500 baje IST ke liye nirdhaarit ki gayi.^[14]

• 12 November 2013 - ek baar fir mangalvaar mangalayaan ke liye mangalamaya siddh hua. subah 05 bajkar 03 minute par 303.8 second tak engine daagakar yaan ko 78,276 se 118,642 kilometer shirobin‍aadu ki kaksha par safalataapoorvak pahuncha diya gaya.^[15]

• 16 November 2013 : paanchaveen aur antim prakriya mein subah 01:27 baje 243.5 second tak engine daagakar yaan ko 1,92,874 kilometer ke shirobindu tak utha diya. is prakaar yeh charan bhi poora hua.^[16]

• 01 December 2013 - 31 November- 1 December ki madhyaraatri ko 00:49 baje mangalayaan ko maars transfer trejek‍aatari mein pravish‍aat kara diya gaya, is prakriya ko traans maars injekshan (teeemaaai) operation ka naam diya gaya.^[17]
  

yeh iski 20 karod kilometer se jyaada lambi yaatra shurooaat thi jismein nau maheene se bhi jyaada ka samay lagana tha aur vaigyaaniko ke samane sabse badi chunauti iske antim charan mein yaan ko bilkul sateek taur par dheema karne ki thi taaki mangal grah apne chhote gurutv bal ke jariye ise apne upagrah ke roop mein sveekaar karne ko taiyaar ho jaaye.^[12][18], ^[19]
isaro pramukh dau0 ke Radhakrishnan ne kaha ki mangal abhiyaan ki pareeksha mein ham paas hue ya fail, yeh 24 sitmbar ko hi pata chalega.

• 4 December 2013: mangalayaan 9.25 lakh kilometer ke daayare vaale pruthvi ke gurutvaakarshan prabhaav kshetr se baahar nikla.^[8]

• 11 December 2013 : pehli disha sanshodhan prakriya sampann.^[8]

• 11 June 2014 : doosari disha sanshodhan prakriya sampann.^[8]

• 14 September 2014 : antim charan ke liye aavashyak kamaands upload ki gayi. ^[20]

• 22 September 2014 : emaoem ne mangal ke gurutveeya kshetr mein pravesh kiya . lagbhag 300 din ki sampoorn yaatra ke dauraan sushupti mein pade rahane ke baad mangalayaan ke mukhya engine 440 nyootan likvid epoji motor ko 4 sekands tak chalaakar antim pareekshan evam antim path sanshodhan kaarya safalataapoorvak poora kiya gaya.^[20]

• 24 sitmbar 2014 : subah 7 baj kar 17 minute par 440 nyootan likvid epoji motor (elaeem) yaan ko mangal ki kaksha mein pravesh karaane vaale thrastars ke saath sakriya ki gayi jisse yaan ki gati ko 22.1 kimi prati second se ghata kar 4.4 kimi prati second karke mangalayaan ko mangal grah ki kaksha mein safalataapoorvak pravisht kiya gaya . yeh kaarya sampann hote hi sabhi vaigyaanik khushi se jhoom uthe. is kshan ka seedha prasaaran duradarshan dvaara raashtreeya teleevijn par kiya gaya tatha Bhaarat ke is gauravamayi kshan ko dekhne ke liye Bhaarat ke pradhaanamantri swayam vahaaain upasthit rahe.^[7]

jis samay yaan mangal ki kaksha mein pravisht hua us samay pruthvi tak iske sanketon ko pahunchane mein lagbhag 12 minute 28 second ka samay laga. ye sanket naasa ke Canberra aur goldaston sthit deep space network stationon ne grahan kiye aur aankade reeyal time par yahaan isaro station bheje gaye.^[7]

• chandrayaan
• chandrayaan -2

vikimeediya kaumans par mangalayaan se sambandhit media hai.

• BBC hindi par mangalayaan vishesh ank
• mangalayaan ke prakshepan se sambandhit jaalaprusht (angreji)
• Mission brochure of Mars Orbiter Mission
• Real Time Sattelite Tracking
• Bhaarat ne racha itihaas, mangal ki kaksha mein yaan ka pravesh (jaagaran ; 24 sitmbar, 2014)
• mangalayaan ki aitihaasik kaamayaabi ki 10 aham baatein (N di ti vi ; 24 sitmbar, 2014))
• mangalayaan ki poori timeline: kab k‍aaya hua Bhaarat ke mangalayaan kaaryakram mein (haribhoomi)
• k‍aaya mi‍ala doosare mangalayaanon ko? (haribhoomi)
• mangalayaan ke peechhe ke tapasvi (haribhoomi)