mandir

is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (September 2015)

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mandir

hinduon aur jainon ke upaasanaasthal ko mandir kehte hain. yeh araadhana aur pooja-archana ke liye nishchit ki hui jagah ya devasthaan hai. yaani jis jagah kisi aaraadhya Dave ke prati dhyaan ya chintan kiya jaae ya vahaan moorti ityaadi rakhakar pooja-archana ki jaae use mandir kehte hain. mandir ka shaabdik arth 'ghar' hai. vastut: sahi shabd 'devamandir', 'shivmandir', 'kaaleemandir' aadi hain.

aur math vah sthaan hai jahaan kisi sampradaaya, dharm ya parampara vishesh mein aastha rakhane vaale shishya aachaarya ya dharmaguru apne sampradaaya ke sanrakshan aur sanvarddhan ke uddeshya se dharm granthon par vichaar vimarsh karte hain ya unki vyaakhya karte hain jisse us sampradaaya ke maanane vaalon ka hit ho aur unhein pata chal sake ki unke dharm mein kya hai. udaaharan ke liye bauddh vihaaron ki tulana hindu mathon ya isaai monestreej se ki ja sakti hai. lekin 'math' shabd ka prayog shankaraachaarya ke kaal yaani saataveen ya aathaveen shataabdi se shuru hua maana jaata hai.

tamil bhaasha mein mandir ko koil ya kovil (கaaோaaவaaிaaலaa்) kehte hain.

pauraanik sandarbh mein dekha jaaya to mandiron ka nirmaan, unki sankhya aur banaavat ke vishay mein yahi kaha ja sakta hai ki, yadyapi mandiron ka aastitv tha to sahi kintu unka ullekh itna kam hai ki, nishicht roop se yeh kaha ja sakta hai ki, lokajeevan mein mandiron ka mahattv utana naheen tha jitna aatmachintan aur manan ka. adhikaansh mandir vyaktigat upaasana sthalon ke roop mein the. yahi kaaran jaan padta hai ki, mandiron ke aastitv ka saarvajanik mahattv drushitgochar naheen hota hai. raamaayan kaal mein shreeraam apne mahal mein hi ek vishesh bhaag mein apne poorvajon ki pratimaaon ke samaksh samay-samay par unke aasheervaad aur maargadarshan ke nimitt praarthana karne jaate the aur svayanvar se poorv seeta bhi apni sakhiyon aur daasiyon ke saath Gauri pooja ke liyee raaja janak ke mahalon ki vaatika mein hi sitht Gauri mandir mein pooja ke liye jaati theen, kintu ayodhya ya janakapuri mein kisi anya mandir ka ullekh naheen hona us kaal mein mandiron ke asittv ke sanbandh mein ingit karta hai. yahaan yeh bhi ullekhaneeya hai ki, raaja janak ko vaishnav arthaat vishnu bhakt bataaya gaya hai kintu unke praasaad ya vaatika mein Gauri ka mandir kis tathya ki or ingit karta hai? kyonki aise Shiv mandir to hain jinmein sati athva Shiv parivaar ke anya sadasya naheen hai kintu keval sati athva paarvati ka koi bhi mandir naheen hai. kaamaroop kaamaakhya, hingalaaj, jvaala, naina aur vaishnodevi aadi shaktipeethon ko sati mandir kaha jaave to baat aur hai. isi prakaar mahaabhaarat mein yadhapi bahucharchit kintu maatr do ghatnaaon mein Krishna ke saath rookmani aur arjun ke saath subhadra ke bhaagane ke samay donon hi naayikaaon dvaara devi pooja ke liye van mein sthit Gauri maata (maata paarvati) ke mandir ki charcha hai.

guptakaal (chauthi se chhathi shataabdi) mein mandiron ke nirmaan ka uttarottar vikaas drushtigochar hota hai. pehle lakdi ke mandir bante the ya bante honge lekin jaldi hi Bhaarat ke anek sthaanon par patthar aur rint se mandir banane lage. 7veen shataabdi tak desh ke aarya sanskruti vaale bhaagon mein pattharon se mandiron ka nirmaan hona paaya gaya hai. chauthi se chhathi shataabdi mein guptakaal mein mandiron ka nirmaan bahut drut gati se hua. mool roop se hindu mandiron ki shaili bauddh mandiron se li gayi hogi jaisa ki us samay ke puraane mandiro mein moortiyon ko mandir ke madhya mein rakha hona paaya gaya hai aur jinmein bauddh stoopon ki bhaanti parikrama maarg hua karta tha. guptakaaleen bache hue lagbhag sabhi mandir apekhataakrut chhote hain jinmein kaafi mota aur majaboot kaareegari kiya hua ek chhota kendreeya kakh hai, jo ya to mukhya dwaar par ya bhavan ke chaaron or baraamade se yuddh hai. guptakaaleen aarambhik mandir, udaaharanaarth saanchi ke bauddh mandiron ki chhat sapaat hai; tathaapi mandiron ki uttar bhaarateeya shikhar shaili bhi is kaal mein hi viksit huyi aur shanai: shanai: is shikhar ki oonchaari badhati rahi. 7veen shataabdi mein bodh gaya mein nirmit bauddh mandir ki banaavat aur ooncha shikhar guptakaaleen bhavan nirmaan shaili ke charamotkarsh ka pratinidhitv karta hai.

bauddh aur jain panthiyon dvaara dhaarmik uddeshyon ke nimitt krutrim gufaaon ka prayog kiya jaata tha aur hindu dharmaavalanbiyon dvaara bhi ise aatmasaat kar liya gaya tha. fir bhi hinduon dvaara gufaaon mein nirmit mandir tulanaatmak roop se bahut kam hain aur guptakaal se poorv ka to kori bhi saakshya is sanbandh mein naheen paaya jaata hai. gufa mandiron aur shilaaon ko kaatkar banaaye gaye mandiron ke sambandh mein adhiktam jaankaari jutaane ka prayaas karte hue ham jitne sthaanon ka pata laga sake vo pruthak soochi mein salangn ki hai. Madras (vartamaan 'chennai') ke dakshin mein pallavon ke sthaan mahaabalipuram mein, 7veen shataabdi mein nirmit anek chhote mandir hain jo chattaanon ko kaatkar banaaye gaye hain aur jo tamil kshetr mein tatkaaleen dhaarmik bhavanon ka pratinidhitv karte hain.

mandiron ka aastitv aur unki bhavyata gupt raajavansh ke samay se dekhne ko milti hai. yeh kehna atishyokti naheen hoga ki gupt kaal se hindu mandiron ka mahattv aur unke aakaar mein ullekhaneeya vistaar hua tatha unki banaavat par sthaaneeya vaastukala ka vishesh prabhaav pada. uttari Bhaarat mein hindu mandiron ki utkrushtata udeesa tatha uttari Madhya Pradesh ke khajuraaho mein dekhne ko milti hai. udeesa ke bhuvaneshvar mein sitht lagbhag 1000 varsh puraana lingaraaja ka mandir vaastukala ka sarvotkrusht udaaharan hai. haalaanki, 13veen shataabdi mein nirmit konaark ka soorya mandir is kshetr ka sabse bada aur vishvavikhyaat mandir hai. iska shikhar iske aaranmbhik dinon mein hi toot gaya tha aur aaj keval praarthana sthal hi shesh bacha hai. kaal aur vaastu ke drushtikon se khajuraaho ke sarvaadhik mahattvapoorn mandir 11veen shataabdi mein banaaye gaye the. Gujarat aur Rajasthan mein bhi vaastu ke svatantr shaili vaale achhe mandiron ka nirmaan hua kintu unke avashesh udeesa aur khajuraaho ki apeksha kam aakarshak hain. pratham dashaabdi ke ant mein vaastu ki dakshin bhaarateeya shaili tanjaur (praacheen naam tanjaavur) ke raajaraajeshvar mandir ke nirmaan ke samay apne charam par pahunch gayi thi.

• jain mandir
• vruhadeshvar mandir
• meenaakshi mandir
• kaamaakhya mandir
• aksharadhaam mandir, Delhi
• somanaath mandir

• Bhaarat ke prasiddh mandiron ki hindi mein jaankaari
• prasiddh nagaron ke mandir
• TempleNet - The Ultimate Source of Information on Indian Temples