malayalam bhaasha
| malayaalan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| മaaലaaയaaാaaളaaം, malayaalan | ||||
| ek dvibhaashi malayalam aur angreji board |
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| boli jaati hai | Bhaarat | |||
| kshetr | Kerala, lakshadveep, karnaatak, tamil naadu, maahe, andamaan aur nikobaar dveepasamooh, faaras ki khaadi. | |||
| kul bolne vaale | 3,58,93,990.[1] 3,30,15,420 Bhaarat mein (2001),[2] 18,47,902 anya deshon mein (2007):[3] • 7,73,624 sanyukt arab ameeraat • 4,47,440 saaudi arab mein • 1,34,728 Kuwait mein • 1,34,019 omaan mein • 1,05,655 America mein • 94,310 Qatar mein • 58,146 bahareen mein • 26,237 Britain mein • 15,600 shesh Europe mein • 11,346 Canada mein • 10,636 Malaysia mein • 7,800 Singapore mein • 1,418 Australia aur nyoojeelaind mein |
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| shreni | 29 | |||
| bhaasha parivaar |
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| bhaasha koot | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | ml | |||
| ISO 639-2 | mal | |||
| ISO 639-3 | mal | |||
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malayaalan (മaaലaaയaaാaaളaaം, malayaalam) ya kairali (കaaൈaaരaaളaaി, kairali) Bhaarat ke Kerala praant mein boli jaane waali pramukh bhaasha hai. ye Dravid bhaasha-parivaar mein aati hai. Kerala ke alaava ye Tamil Nadu ke kanyaakumaari tatha uttar mein Karnataka ke dakshin kannad jila, lakshadveep tatha anya kai deshon mein base malayaaliyon dvaara boli jaati hai.
malayaalan, bhaasha aur lipi ke vichaar se tamil bhaasha ke kaafi nikat hai. is par sanskrut ka prabhaav isa ke poorv pehli sadi se hua hai. sanskrut shabdon ko malayalam shaili ke anukool banaane ke liye sanskrut se avatarit shabdon ko sanshodhit kiya gaya hai. arabon ke saath sadiyon se vyaapaar sambandh angreji tatha purtagaali upaniveshavaad ka asar bhi bhaasha par pada hai.
anukram
naam
malayaalan ka sandhi-vichhed hai - malai (moolashabd : malaya - arth : parvat) + alam (moolashabd : aalayam - arth : sthaan). is bhaasha ke bhaashik Bhaarat ke pashchimi ghaat ke garbh mein nivaas karte hain aur isi kaaran yeh naam pada hai. iska sahi uchchaaran 'malayaalam' hota hai.
udbhav
malayaalam bhaasha athva uske saahitya ki utpatti ke sambandh mein sahi aur vishvasaneeya pramaan praapt naheen hain. fir bhi malayaalam saahitya ki praacheenata lagbhag ek hajaar varsh tak ki maani gayi hain. bhaasha ke sambandh mein ham keval is nishkarsh par hi pahuainch sake hain ki yeh bhaasha sanskrutajanya naheen hai - yeh Dravid parivaar ki hi sadasya hai. parantu yeh abhi tak vivaadaaspad hai ki yeh tamil se alag hui usaki ek shaakha hai, athva mool Dravid bhaasha se viksit anya dakshini bhaashaaon ki tarah apna astitv alag rakhanevaali koi bhaasha hai. arthaat samasya yahi hai ki tamil aur malayaalam ka rishta maaain-beti ka hai ya bahan-bahan ka. anusandhaan dvaara is paheli ka hal dhooaindhane ka kaarya bhaasha-vaigyaaniko ka hai aur ve hi is gutthi ko sulajha sakte hain. jo bhi ho, is baat mein sandeh naheen hai ki malayaalam ka saahitya keval usi samay pallavit hone laga tha jabki tamil ka saahitya fal fool chuka tha. sanskrut saahitya ki hi bhaaainti tamil saahitya ko bhi ham malayaalam ki pyaas bujhaanevaali srotasvini kah sakte hain.
san 3100 isaapoorv se lekar 100 isaapoorv tak yeh pracheen tamil ka ek sthaaneeya roop thi. isa poorv pratham sadi se is par sanskrut ka prabhaav hua. teesari sadi se lekar pandrahaveen sadi ke madhya tak malayalam ka madhyakaal maana jaata hai. is kaal mein jainiyon ne bhi bhaasha ko prabhaavit kiya. aadhunik kaal mein san 1795 mein parivartan aaya jab is raajya par angreji shaasan poornaroopen sthaapit ho gaya.
inhein bhi dekhein
sandarbh
- ↑ "Malayalam". Ethnologue. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mal. abhigman tithi: 2007-05-28.
- ↑ "Census of India - Statement 1". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm. abhigman tithi: 2009-12-21. 3,30,66,392 yadi yeraava (raavula) bhaashiyon aur anya alpasankhyak bhaashaaon ko jod diya jaae jo malayaal ke nikat sambandhi hai.
- ↑ Zachariah, K. C. & Rajan, S. Irudaya (2008), Kerala Migration Survey 2007 (PDF), Department of Non-resident Keralite Affairs, Government of Kerala, p. 48. This is the number of emigrants from Kerala, which is closely related to but different from the actual number of Malayalam speakers.
baahari kadiyaaain
- malayalam bhaasha (Kerala paryatan)
- bhaarateeya shikhar katha kosh : malayalam kahaaniyaaain (Google pustak; sankalanakarta - kamaleshvar)
- malayalam se hindi anuvaadak (online)
- hindi - malayalam saamaanya shabdaavali
- hindi-malayalam shabdakosh
- malayalam-hindi shabdakosh