makka (anaaj)
makka (vaanaspatik naam : Zea mays) ek pramukh khaadya fasal hain, jo mote anaajo ki shreni mein aata hai. ise bhutte ki shakl mein bhi khaaya jaata hai.
Bhaarat ke adhikaansh maidaani bhaagon se lekar 2700 meter uainchaai vaale pahaadi kshetro tak makka safalataapoorvak ugaaya jaata hai. ise sabhi prakaar ki mittiyon mein ugaaya ja sakta hai tatha balui, domat mitti makka ki kheti ke liye behtar samajhi jaati hai. makka ek aisa khaadyaann hai jo mote anaaj ki shreni mein aata to hai parantu iski paidaavaar pichhle dashak mein Bhaarat mein ek mahattvapoorn fasal ke roop mein mod le chuki hai kyoki yeh fasal sabhi mote va pramukh khaaddaano ki badhottri dar mein sabse agrani hai. aaj jab gehooain aur dhaan me upaj badhaana kathin hota ja raha hai, makka paidaavaar ke naye maanak prastut kar rahi hai jo is samay badhkar 5.98 tak pahuainch chuka hai.
yeh fasal Bhaarat ki bhoomi par 1600 i0 ke ant mein hi paida karna shuroo ki gayi aur aaj Bhaarat sansaar ke pramukh utpaadak deshon mein shaamil hai. jitni prakaar ki makka Bhaarat mein utpann ki jaati hai, shaayad hi kisi anya desh mein utani prakaar ki makka utpaadit ki ja rahi hai. ha yeh baat aur hai ki Bhaarat makka ke upayogo me kaafi pichhda hua hai. jabki amareeka mein yeh ek poornataya audyaaogik fasal ke roop mein utpaadit ki jaati hai aur isse vividh audyaaogik padaarth banaaai jaate hai. Bhaarat mein makka ka mahattv ek keval khaadyaann ki fasal ke roop me jaana jaata hai. sayukt raajya amareeka me makka ka adhiktam upayog staarch banaane ke liye kiya jaata hai.
Bhaarat mein makka ki kheti jin raajyon mein vyaapak roop se ki jaati hai ve hain - aandhr pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Rajasthan, uttar pradesh ityaadi. iname se Rajasthan mein makka ka sarvaadhik kshetrafal hai va aandhra mein sarvaadhik utpaadan hota hai. parantu makka ka mahatva Jammu Kashmir, Himachal, poorvottar raajyon, madhya pradesh, chhatteesagadh, Maharashtra, Gujarat va jhaarakhand mein bhi kaafi adhik hai.
anukram
buaai ka samay
June ke aarambh mein.
makka utpaadan ke liye bhaugolik kaarak
- utpaadak katibndh - uposhshn katibndh
- taapamaan - 25 se 30 sein. gre.
- varsha - 60 se 120 sein. mi.
- mitti - chikni, dom va kaanp mitti
- khaad - naaitrojan, salfet aadi
makka utpaadan ka vishv vitran
yeh bhi dekhein
baahari kadiyaaain
- makka ki kheti (krushiseva)
- makka se adhik upaj evam aamdani hetu sasya takaneek
- makka ki kheti
- makke ki unnat kheti se laabhaanvit ho sakte hain kisaan (jhaarakhand news)
- adhik upaj waali fasal hai makka (vebaduniya)
- "Tracking the Ancestry of Corn Back 9,000 Years," New York Times, May 25, 2010
- Zea mays at Plants For A Future